CN107144472A - Multiple Shape is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system and test method - Google Patents

Multiple Shape is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system and test method Download PDF

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CN107144472A
CN107144472A CN201710427530.8A CN201710427530A CN107144472A CN 107144472 A CN107144472 A CN 107144472A CN 201710427530 A CN201710427530 A CN 201710427530A CN 107144472 A CN107144472 A CN 107144472A
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gear
loading
oil cylinder
chain
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CN107144472B (en
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李为腾
马海曜
李廷春
杨博
王刚
杜贻腾
王建森
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses more than a kind of Multiple Shape than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system and test method, belong to Geotechnical Engineering experiment field, its structure includes loading storehouse and upper plate, loading device is installed in loading storehouse, subjects and control, monitoring system are located at upper plate, loading device and subjects change chain power transmission direction by chain power transmission by fixed gear, and loading mode is to draw generation to press.The present invention can be achieved, to Multiple Shape, many accurate simulations and mechanical test than chi, the pressure from surrounding rock of polymorphic type supporting construction and deformation, have the advantages that applied widely, test accuracy is high, space-consuming is few, manufacturing cost is low, service life is long.

Description

Multiple Shape is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system and test method
Technical field
Field is tested the present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering, specifically a kind of Multiple Shape is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulated test System and test method.
Background technology
With the development of China's economic society, underground mine, tunnel, subway, water power chamber etc. build more and more, depth Constantly increase, more engineerings are in badly matter condition, and the support issues faced therewith are also increasingly protruded.Such as soft rock The problems such as large deformation, highland pressure and difficult supporting.In this context, increasing support form is used in scene, such as I-shaped Steel arch-shelf, U-shaped steel arch-shelf, concrete filled steel tube bow member, grid steel frame, concrete Arch walling support etc..The mechanics of above-mentioned supporting construction Performance has for the safety of the final stable and engineering of live country rock to be significantly affected.It is to grasp supporting construction to carry out mechanical test The important research means of mechanical property, can specify supporting construction mechanical characteristic, disclose its failure mechanism, optimize its design ginseng Number is significant to engineering safety.
Existing pilot system typically uses conventional hydraulic oil cylinder, because of the structural reason of subjects, portion in loading procedure Load cylinder is divided passively to be bounced back in the case where keeping pressure value, this is not substantially inconsistent with on-site actual situations, because scene is enclosed The deformation of rock is unidirectional, irreversible.In addition, experiment bow member is size-constrained in peripheral counterforce structure size and oil cylinder specification, only Specific or similar sizes structural test can be carried out；Simultaneously when the oil cylinder by periphery pressurizes to bow member, because bow member is produced Deformation, differs between oil cylinder axis and bow member axis and surely keeps original plumbness, and this can not only be produced to the precision of experiment Raw certain influence, certain infringement can be also caused to hydraulic jack, shortens its service life；In addition, it is current similar Pilot system is general by load cylinder to be placed in bow member periphery, it is necessary to bulky peripheral counterforce structure, therefore occupies big The lab space of amount, and construction cost is high, takes a lot of work laborious, does not meet the principle of " high accuracy, high efficiency, low cost ".
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the invention provides more than a kind of Multiple Shape than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system and experiment side Method, the pilot system and test method are capable of deformation and the pressure behavior of accurate simulation country rock, improve test accuracy, and reduce Pilot system space-consuming, reduces manufacturing cost, extends the service life of pilot system, makes pilot system obtain maximizing profit With.
To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：Multiple Shape is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulated test system System, it is characterised in that：Include the bottom plate of regulating oil cylinder position, described bottom plate is made up of concrete foundation and steel plate；Coagulation Earth foundation is cast on ground, and is reinforced with anchoring pile；Steel plate is located in concrete foundation, is carried jointly for oil cylinder with concrete foundation For counter-force, there is bolt hole on steel plate, for fixing and adjusting oil cylinder position；Oil return cylinder untill described oil cylinder, oil cylinder passes through oil Cylinder bottom seat is fixed on bottom plate, and described cylinder pedestal is fixed by flange connection with bottom plate, and non-return oil cylinder can be according to experiment need Seek adjusting position.
In order to realize Multiple Shape regulatory function, further technical scheme is：Non-return oil cylinder is connected by holding to cut with scissors with chain, Loading mode simulates pressure from surrounding rock with the pulling force of chain；For protection non-return oil cylinder, make it by vertical tension, changed by gear train Become chain power transmission direction；Described gear train is made up of two gears turned on the same line, and the gear close to oil cylinder is consolidated It is scheduled in loading storehouse, chain direction is consistent with the vertical center line of non-return oil cylinder, the gear close to subjects is fixed on On upper plate, every group of gear position should make subjects in chain direction and subjects center line holding level, the present embodiment For " u "-shaped bow member.Particularly, when load test object is circle, due to no-backs wall fixing tooth near the non-return oil cylinder of part Wheel, therefore use combined bracket fixed gear.Described combined bracket is steel bracket, solid by bracket base and oil cylinder-bracket base It is scheduled on bottom plate, reaction of bearing is provided for gear, combined bracket gear height is high close to the gear of subjects with upper plate Degree is identical, now, only needs a gear that experiment demand can be achieved using the non-return oil cylinder of combined bracket fixed gear.
For guarantee test precision, further technical scheme is：Force snesor is arranged in subjects and close experiment In the middle of the gear of object, the pulling force suffered by force snesor is the power suffered by subjects, described force snesor by chain and Chain link remover is connected with loading draw ring, and described loading draw ring is steel draw ring, and loading draw ring is nested with subjects；For Scattered loading draw ring reduces the stress concentration journey produced in loading procedure to subjects to the active force of subjects contact zone Degree, more realistically simulates live shoulder bed effects, a rubber mat plate is placed in the middle of loading draw ring and subjects；To prevent experiment During loading draw ring and rubber mat plate produce movement, welded limiting block is to constrain rubber mat plate in subjects；Due to examination During testing, subjects can produce moderate finite deformation, to meet test accuracy requirement, using guy type displacement meter, described drawing Wire type displacement meter is fixed on the outside of subjects, and displacement line is fixed at subjects stress.
The deformation beyond plane occurs during to prevent that subjects from loading, further technical scheme is：On upper plate Provided with limiting block beam, described limiting block beam is uniformly distributed along subjects, by the upper gear beam arranging and be parallel to each other up and down and Lower block beam is constituted, and upper gear beam and lower block beam are by the way that together with keeping off beam-to-column joint, subjects are fixed on upper and lower gear by limiting block beam In the middle of beam；Described gear beam column is threaded reinforcing bar, is adjusted by nut and fixed upper and lower gear beam, and gear beam column is fixed on reserved In hole；Described preformed hole is arranged on some deep holes of upper plate, and these preformed holes pass through pre-buried steel in placing concrete Pipe is formed.
Many than chi regulatory function in order to realize, further technical scheme is：According to experiment demand, by adjusting gear beam column Position changes limiting block beam position, realizes many than chi structural test；The arch springing that counter-force is provided for subjects is provided with upper plate Constraint tracks, described arch springing constraint tracks are " L " shape bloom, arch springing constraint tracks be located at the two ends of subjects and with experiment The arch springing contact of object, arch springing constraint tracks are fixed and adjusting position by preformed hole.
To ensure safety, further technical scheme is：After the completion of loading storehouse experimental rig arrangement, crossbeam is placed on Load at the opening of storehouse, then cover plate is placed on crossbeam, described crossbeam is made up of some lumps of wood, convenient dismounting, assembling；Institute The cover plate stated is block independence steel plate, and to make chain pass through cover plate, side edge thereof has reserved square groove, in addition, according to experiment Demand, when carrying out circular bow member experiment, it is necessary to adjust the position of limiting block beam, therefore also has preformed hole, to install limit on cover plate Gear beam column, need to only be installed in the preformed hole of cover plate by position gear beam when using.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem also includes：A kind of test method, comprises the following steps：
Step（1）：Lower block beam position is calculated according to subjects size and gear position；
Step（2）：All lower block beams are highly located installed in same level, operating platform is formed；
Step（3）：By subjects in aforesaid operations platform over-assemble, and subjects are placed in specified location；
Step（4）：Gear beam is installed, subjects are limited planar, it is produced and moves and deform in plane；
Step（5）：Non-return oil cylinder is fixed on bottom plate specified location, adjustment non-return oil cylinder state complies with experiment demand, and It is hinged with chain one end by end, chain is placed on gear, covers cover plate；
Step（6）：The chain other end is connected with force snesor, and force snesor is passed through into another section of chain and chain with loading draw ring Connector is connected, and the middle placement rubber mat plate on the outside of loading draw ring and subjects；
Step（7）：The placement sensor in pilot system, described sensor includes displacement transducer and strain transducer, position Displacement sensor uses guy type displacement meter, and displacement meter is arranged on the outside of subjects, and strain transducer uses foil gauge, will strained Piece is pasted onto in subjects as needed；
Step（8）：Force snesor and displacement transducer are connected with data collecting system, and foil gauge is connected with deformeter, number According to acquisition system and deformeter composition monitoring system；
Step（9）：Monitoring system is opened, is preloaded, applies to be not more than by pre-add borne control system and estimates failing load 3% load；
Step（10）：Load and the displacement of non-return oil cylinder are controlled, subjects loading, on-test, the concrete operations of loading is given Method is：Can be by the way of dullness pressurization, load is less than 0.9QmaxWhen, loading speed is 0.02Qmax/ min, per 0.1QmaxProtect 1min is pressed, load is more than 0.9QmaxWhen, the Q of loading speed 0.005max/ min, per 0.05QmaxPressurize 1min, wherein, QmaxTo be pre- Estimate ultimate load；
Step（11）：The surrouding rock deformation simulated as needed in process of the test and the actual conditions of pressure, pass through Loading Control system Unite whole non-return oil cylinder synchronization actions or asynchronous action；
Step（12）：Real-time monitored in process of the test, the stress of collection subjects, strain, deformation, preserves corresponding data Data；
Step（13）：When subjects the phenomenons such as rupture, unstability, large deformation occur and can not continue carrying, stop loading, close Monitoring system, off-test；
Step（14）：The deformation failure of the monitoring results such as the load, displacement, the strain that are collected according to monitoring system and subjects Situation, obtains the bearing capacity of subjects, mechanical characteristic and the Mechanism of Deformation And Failure such as integral rigidity.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, it is capable of deformation and the pressure behavior of accurate simulation country rock, carries out Experiments of Machanics, improves test accuracy；
2nd, oil cylinder bottom is fastened on bottom plate by flange, and can be realized according to test requirements document adjusting position to not similar shape The pressure from surrounding rock simulated test of shape bow member, i.e. Multiple Shape, such as stalk semicircle, circle, the anti-bottom arch of semicircle, the shape of a hoof；
3rd, loading radius can be changed by adjusting chain length, the relevant position that bow member is fixed on into arch springing constraint tracks can be realized Pressure from surrounding rock simulated experiment to different size bow members, i.e., it is to compare chi more；
4th, oil cylinder is arranged in loading storehouse, outside bow member plane, it is not necessary to the huge counterforce structure in periphery, reduces pilot system Space-consuming, reduces manufacturing cost, and can provide bigger operative radius；
5th, oil cylinder is vertically placed, and pulling force is transmitted by chain, and loading mode replaces the oil of existing pilot system with the pulling force of chain Cylinder pressure.Chain axle power and oil cylinder axis centering, moment of flexure is not transmitted because chain only transmits axle power, so oil cylinder is only vertically drawn Power, is conducive to protecting oil cylinder, extends oil cylinder service life；
6th, available for carry out U-shaped steel arch-shelf, I-steel bow member, concrete filled steel tube bow member, grid steel frame and concrete arch body etc. branch The mechanical test of protection structure, it is applied widely.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing There is the accompanying drawing used required in technology description to be introduced.
Fig. 1 is plan of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 1-1 profiles；
Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 2-2 profiles；
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 3-3 profiles；
Fig. 5 is limiting block beam detail drawing.
In figure：1- subjects, 2- force snesors, 3- bracing wire displacement meters, 4- limited blocks, 5- rubber mat plates, 6- gear beam columns, 7- limiting block beams, 8- gear supports, 9- preformed holes, 10- chain link removers, 11- arch springing constraint tracks, 12- loadings storehouse, 13- lids Plate, 14- crossbeams, 15- gears, 16- chains, 17- loading draw rings, 18- bolts, 19- ends hinge, 20- non-return oil cylinders, 21- bottom plates, 22- upper plates, 23- anchoring piles, 24- grounds, 25- cylinder pedestals, 26- combined brackets, 27- bracket bases, 28- oil cylinders-support bottom Seat.
Embodiment
With reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in figure 1, Multiple Shape is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system, it is characterised in that：Including regulating oil cylinder The bottom plate 21 of position, described bottom plate 21 is made up of concrete foundation and steel plate；Concrete foundation is cast on ground 24, is used in combination Anchoring pile 23 is reinforced；Steel plate is located in concrete foundation, and being provided jointly for oil cylinder on counter-force, steel plate with concrete foundation has bolt Hole, for fixing and adjusting oil cylinder position；Oil return cylinder 20 untill described oil cylinder, oil cylinder bottom is fixed on by cylinder pedestal 25 On bottom plate 21, described cylinder pedestal 25 is fixed by flange connection with bottom plate 21, and non-return oil cylinder 20 can be adjusted according to experiment demand Save position.
In order to realize Multiple Shape regulatory function, further technical scheme is：Non-return oil cylinder 20 is by holding hinge 19 and chain 16 connections, loading mode simulates pressure from surrounding rock with the pulling force of chain 16；For protection non-return oil cylinder 20, make it by vertical tension, Chain power transmission direction is changed by gear train；Described gear train is made up of two gears 15 turned on the same line, is leaned on The gear 15 of nearly oil cylinder is fixed in loading storehouse 12, the direction of chain 16 is consistent with the vertical center line of non-return oil cylinder 20, is leaned on The gear 15 of nearly subjects 1 is fixed on upper plate 22, and every group of position of gear 15 should make in the direction of chain 16 and subjects 1 Heart line keeps subjects 1 in level, the present embodiment to be " u "-shaped bow member.Particularly, when load test object 1 is circle, by The no-backs wall fixed gear 15 near part non-return oil cylinder 20, therefore use the fixed gear 15 of combined bracket 26.Described joint Support 26 is steel bracket, is fixed on by bracket base 27 and oil cylinder-bracket base 28 on bottom plate 21, is that gear 15 provides support instead Power, the gear of combined bracket 26 height is highly identical close to the gear of subjects with upper plate, now, uses combined bracket 26 Experiment demand can be achieved in the need one of non-return oil cylinder 20 gear 15 of fixed gear.
For guarantee test precision, further technical scheme is：Force snesor 2 is arranged in subjects 1 and close examination Test in the middle of the gear 15 of object 1, the pulling force suffered by force snesor 2 is the power suffered by subjects 1, described force snesor 2 leads to Cross chain 16 and chain link remover 10 to be connected with loading draw ring 17, described loading draw ring 17 is steel draw ring, loads draw ring 17 It is nested with subjects 1；For active force of the scattered loading draw ring 17 to subjects contact zone, reduce in loading procedure to examination The stress concentration degree of the generation of object 1 is tested, live shoulder bed effects are more realistically simulated, in loading draw ring 17 and subjects 1 Between place a rubber mat plate 5；To prevent that draw ring 17 and rubber mat plate 5 are loaded in process of the test produces movement, in subjects 1 Welded limiting block 4 is to constrain rubber mat plate 5；Because in process of the test, subjects 1 can produce moderate finite deformation, to meet experiment Required precision, using guy type displacement meter 3, described guy type displacement meter 3 is fixed on the outside of subjects, and displacement line is fixed on At the stress of subjects 1.
The deformation beyond plane occurs during to prevent that subjects 1 from loading, further technical scheme is：In upper plate 22 Limiting block beam 7 is provided with, described limiting block beam 7 is uniformly distributed along subjects 1, by the upper gear arranged and be parallel to each other up and down Beam and lower block beam are constituted, and upper gear beam and lower block beam are linked together by keeping off beam column 6, and subjects 1 are fixed on by limiting block beam 7 In the middle of upper and lower gear beam；Described gear beam column 6 is threaded reinforcing bar, is adjusted by nut and fixed upper and lower gear beam, and gear beam column 6 is consolidated It is scheduled in preformed hole 9；Described preformed hole 9 is arranged on some deep holes of upper plate 22, and these preformed holes 9 are in placing concrete When formed by embedded steel tube.
Many than chi regulatory function in order to realize, further technical scheme is：According to experiment demand, by adjusting gear beam column 6 positions change the position of limiting block beam 7, realize many than chi structural test；It is provided with upper plate 22 and provides counter-force for subjects 1 Arch springing constraint tracks 11, described arch springing constraint tracks 11 are " L " shape bloom, and arch springing constraint tracks 11 are located at subjects 1 Two ends and contacted with the arch springing of subjects 1, arch springing constraint tracks 11 are fixed and adjusting position by preformed hole 9.
To ensure safety, further technical scheme is：After the completion of the loading experimental rig of storehouse 12 arrangement, crossbeam 14 is put Put at loading storehouse opening, then cover plate 13 is placed on crossbeam, described crossbeam 14 is made up of some lumps of wood, is conveniently torn open Unload, assemble；Described cover plate 12 is 8 blocks of independent steel plates, and to make chain 16 pass through cover plate 13, there is reserved side at the edge of cover plate 13 Groove, in addition, according to experiment demand, when carrying out circular bow member experiment, it is necessary to adjust the position of limiting block beam 7, therefore cover plate There is preformed hole 9 on 13, need to will only keep off beam column 6 to install limiting block beam 7, when using is installed in the preformed hole 9 of cover plate 13 i.e. Can.
The test method of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps：
Step（1）：Lower block beam position is calculated according to the size of subjects 1 and the position of gear 15；
Step（2）：All lower block beams are highly located installed in same level, operating platform is formed；
Step（3）：By subjects 1 in aforesaid operations platform over-assemble, and subjects 1 are placed in specified location；
Step（4）：Gear beam is installed, subjects 1 are limited planar, it is produced and moves and deform in plane；
Step（5）：Non-return oil cylinder 20 is fixed on the specified location of bottom plate 21, the state of adjustment non-return oil cylinder 20, which complies with experiment, to be needed Ask, and with the one end of chain 16 by holding hinge 19 to be connected, chain 16 is placed on gear 15, covers cover plate 13；
Step（6）：The other end of chain 16 is connected with force snesor 2, and force snesor 2 is passed through into another section of chain with loading draw ring 17 16 and chain link remover 10 connect, and place rubber mat plate 5 in the middle of the outside of loading draw ring 17 and subjects 1；
Step（7）：The placement sensor in pilot system, described sensor includes displacement transducer and strain transducer, position Displacement sensor uses guy type displacement meter 3, and displacement meter is arranged in the outside of subjects 1, and strain transducer uses foil gauge, should Become piece to be pasted onto in subjects as needed；
Step（8）：Force snesor 2 and displacement transducer 3 are connected with data collecting system, and foil gauge is connected with deformeter, Data collecting system and deformeter composition monitoring system；
Step（9）：Monitoring system is opened, is preloaded, applies to be not more than by pre-add borne control system and estimates failing load 3% load；
Step（10）：Load and the displacement of non-return oil cylinder 20 are controlled, is loaded to subjects 1, on-test, the specific behaviour of loading It is as method：Can be by the way of dullness pressurization, load is less than 0.9QmaxWhen, loading speed is 0.02Qmax/ min, per 0.1Qmax Pressurize 1min, load is more than 0.9QmaxWhen, the Q of loading speed 0.005max/ min, per 0.05QmaxPressurize 1min, wherein, QmaxFor Estimate ultimate load；
Step（11）：The surrouding rock deformation simulated as needed in process of the test and the actual conditions of pressure, pass through Loading Control system Unite whole synchronization actions of non-return oil cylinder 20 or asynchronous action；
Step（12）：Real-time monitored in process of the test, the stress of collection subjects 1, strain, deformation, preserves respective counts According to data；
Step（13）：When subjects 1 phenomenons such as rupture, unstability, large deformation occur and can not continue carrying, stop loading, close Close monitoring system, off-test；
Step（14）：The deformation failure of the monitoring results such as the load, displacement, the strain that are collected according to monitoring system and subjects Situation, obtains the bearing capacity of subjects 1, mechanical characteristic and the Mechanism of Deformation And Failure such as integral rigidity.
The unidirectional loading device that the present invention is used is not limited to the non-return oil cylinder described in embodiment, can also using one-way cylinder or Other unidirectional loading devices such as unidirectional electric cylinders of person.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not the total Test scope of the present invention, is not used to The limitation present invention, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. all should be included Within protection scope of the present invention.
In addition to technical characteristic described in specification, remaining technical characteristic is those skilled in the art's implantation technique, in order to prominent Go out the innovative characteristicses of the present invention, features described above will not be repeated here.

Claims (7)

1. Multiple Shape is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system, it is characterised in that：Include the bottom plate of regulating oil cylinder position, institute The bottom plate stated is made up of concrete foundation and steel plate；Concrete foundation is cast on ground, and is reinforced with anchoring pile；Steel plate is located at mixed On solidifying earth foundation, being provided jointly for oil cylinder on counter-force, steel plate with concrete foundation has bolt hole, for fixing and adjusting oil cylinder position Put；Oil return cylinder untill described oil cylinder, oil cylinder is fixed on bottom plate by cylinder pedestal, and described cylinder pedestal is connected by flange Connect and fixed with bottom plate, non-return oil cylinder can be according to experiment demand adjusting position.
2. Multiple Shape as claimed in claim 1 is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system, it is characterized in that：Non-return oil cylinder passes through End hinge is connected with chain, and loading mode simulates pressure from surrounding rock with the pulling force of chain；For protection non-return oil cylinder, it is set vertically to be drawn Power, chain power transmission direction is changed by gear train；Described gear train is made up of two gears turned on the same line, is leaned on The gear of nearly oil cylinder is fixed in loading storehouse, chain direction is consistent with the vertical center line of non-return oil cylinder, close to experiment pair The gear of elephant is fixed on upper plate, and every group of gear position should make chain direction and subjects center line holding level, this reality It is " u "-shaped bow member to apply subjects in example；Particularly, when load test object is circle, near the non-return oil cylinder of part No-backs wall fixed gear, therefore use combined bracket fixed gear；Described combined bracket is steel bracket, by bracket base and oil Cylinder-bracket base is fixed on bottom plate, provides reaction of bearing for gear, combined bracket gear height is with upper plate close to experiment The gear of object is highly identical, now, only needs a gear that examination can be achieved using the non-return oil cylinder of combined bracket fixed gear Test demand.
3. Multiple Shape as claimed in claim 2 is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system, it is characterized in that：By force snesor cloth Put in subjects and in the middle of the gear of subjects, the pulling force suffered by force snesor is the power suffered by subjects, institute The force snesor stated is connected by chain and chain link remover with loading draw ring, and described loading draw ring is steel draw ring, loading Draw ring is nested with subjects；For active force of the scattered loading draw ring to subjects contact zone, it is right in loading procedure to reduce The stress concentration degree that subjects are produced, more realistically simulates live shoulder bed effects, in the middle of loading draw ring and subjects Place a rubber mat plate；To prevent that draw ring and rubber mat plate are loaded in process of the test produces movement, welds limit in subjects Position block is to constrain rubber mat plate；Because in process of the test, subjects can produce moderate finite deformation, to meet test accuracy requirement, Using guy type displacement meter, described guy type displacement meter is fixed on the outside of subjects, displacement line be fixed on subjects by At power.
4. Multiple Shape as claimed in claim 3 is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system, it is characterized in that：Set on upper plate Limited location keeps off beam, and described limiting block beam is uniformly distributed along subjects, by the upper gear beam arranging and be parallel to each other up and down and under Keep off beam to constitute, upper gear beam and lower block beam are by the way that together with keeping off beam-to-column joint, subjects are fixed on upper and lower gear beam by limiting block beam It is middle；Described gear beam column is threaded reinforcing bar, is adjusted by nut and fixed upper and lower gear beam, and gear beam column is fixed on preformed hole It is interior；Described preformed hole is arranged on some deep holes of upper plate, and these preformed holes pass through embedded steel tube in placing concrete Formed.
5. Multiple Shape as claimed in claim 4 is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system, it is characterized in that：According to experiment need Ask, limiting block beam position is changed by adjusting gear beam column position, realize many than chi structural test；It is provided with upper plate as experiment pair Arch springing constraint tracks as providing counter-force, described arch springing constraint tracks are " L " shape bloom, and arch springing constraint tracks are located at experiment pair The two ends of elephant and contacted with the arch springing of subjects, arch springing constraint tracks are fixed and adjusting position by preformed hole.
6. Multiple Shape as claimed in claim 1 is more than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system, it is characterised in that：In the examination of loading storehouse After the completion of experiment device arrangement, crossbeam is placed at loading storehouse opening, then cover plate is placed on crossbeam, described crossbeam by Some lumps of wood compositions, convenient dismounting, assembling；Described cover plate is block independence steel plate, and to make chain pass through cover plate, side edge thereof has Reserved square groove, in addition, according to experiment demand, when carrying out circular bow member experiment, it is necessary to adjust the position of limiting block beam, Therefore also have preformed hole on cover plate, to install limiting block beam, gear beam column need to be only installed to when using in the preformed hole of cover plate.
7. the invention discloses more than a kind of Multiple Shape than chi pressure from surrounding rock simulation experiment system and test method, it is characterised in that bag Include following steps：
Step（1）：Lower block beam position is calculated according to subjects size and gear position；
Step（2）：All lower block beams are highly located installed in same level, operating platform is formed；
Step（3）：By subjects in aforesaid operations platform over-assemble, and subjects are placed in specified location；
Step（4）：Gear beam is installed, subjects are limited planar, it is produced and moves and deform in plane；
Step（5）：Non-return oil cylinder is fixed on bottom plate specified location, adjustment non-return oil cylinder state complies with experiment demand, and It is hinged with chain one end by end, chain is placed on gear, covers cover plate；
Step（6）：The chain other end is connected with force snesor, and force snesor is passed through into another section of chain and chain with loading draw ring Connector is connected, and the middle placement rubber mat plate on the outside of loading draw ring and subjects；
Step（7）：The placement sensor in pilot system, described sensor includes displacement transducer and strain transducer, position Displacement sensor uses guy type displacement meter, and displacement meter is arranged on the outside of subjects, and strain transducer uses foil gauge, will strained Piece is pasted onto in subjects as needed；
Step（8）：Force snesor and displacement transducer are connected with data collecting system, and foil gauge is connected with deformeter, number According to acquisition system and deformeter composition monitoring system；
Step（9）：Monitoring system is opened, is preloaded, applies to be not more than by pre-add borne control system and estimates failing load 3% load；
Step（10）：Load and the displacement of non-return oil cylinder are controlled, subjects loading, on-test, the concrete operations of loading is given Method is：Can be by the way of dullness pressurization, load is less than 0.9QmaxWhen, loading speed is 0.02Qmax/ min, per 0.1QmaxProtect 1min is pressed, load is more than 0.9QmaxWhen, the Q of loading speed 0.005max/ min, per 0.05QmaxPressurize 1min, wherein, QmaxTo be pre- Estimate ultimate load；
Step（11）：The surrouding rock deformation simulated as needed in process of the test and the actual conditions of pressure, pass through Loading Control system Unite whole non-return oil cylinder synchronization actions or asynchronous action；
Step（12）：Real-time monitored in process of the test, the stress of collection subjects, strain, deformation, preserves corresponding data Data；
Step（13）：When subjects the phenomenons such as rupture, unstability, large deformation occur and can not continue carrying, stop loading, close Monitoring system, off-test；
Step（14）：The deformation failure of the monitoring results such as the load, displacement, the strain that are collected according to monitoring system and subjects Situation, obtains the bearing capacity of subjects, mechanical characteristic and the Mechanism of Deformation And Failure such as integral rigidity.
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