CN108036999B - Novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension-compression loading of rock mass - Google Patents
Novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension-compression loading of rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN108036999B CN108036999B CN201711326945.2A CN201711326945A CN108036999B CN 108036999 B CN108036999 B CN 108036999B CN 201711326945 A CN201711326945 A CN 201711326945A CN 108036999 B CN108036999 B CN 108036999B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension-compression loading of rock mass, which comprises a main body frame, wherein a vertical loading device and a horizontal loading device for loading the rock mass are arranged in the main body frame; a rock sample hoisting device is arranged on the main body frame, and a rock sample conveying device is arranged on one side of the main body frame; the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device are respectively controlled by a control system independently and are matched with each other without mutual interference; load sensors are arranged on the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device, are used for detecting the load force of the loading oil cylinder and are connected with respective control systems to form a closed-loop feedback system; and the deformation sensors are arranged on the rock sample and fixed around the rock sample according to test requirements to respectively measure the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rock sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing, tension and compression loading of rock mass.
Background
At present, the construction of a large number of infrastructure is imminent, and underground works are important components thereof. The underground caverns such as tunnels have more disasters in the building and operation process. Collapse of dangerous stones in a tunnel is a common disaster form, and the occurrence mechanism mainly shows two forms of rock mass compression shear and tension shear damage. At present, the common direct shear testing machine on the market is mostly the compression shear testing machine, can't satisfy the rock mass and draw the demand of cutting the experiment. Most of the existing tension-shear test devices are simple in structure and single in function, and the function of testing various mechanical properties of rocks cannot be realized. The size and the loading tonnage of the conventional direct shear testing machine are small, and the shearing requirement of multi-scale rock samples cannot be met. With the continuous deep entering of underground works's development, the stress state of deep rock mass is more complicated, and conventional single-axis test has been unable to satisfy the research needs, and the triaxial test of rock has aroused researcher's attention gradually. The existing triaxial test mainly adopts a cylindrical sample, and confining pressure loading is carried out through a hydraulic chamber, and the triaxial test is also called as a pseudo triaxial test because the lateral pressures in all directions are the same. At present, a rock sample of a true triaxial test is usually a cubic or cuboid sample, six-surface loading is adopted in the test process, the development cost of the whole triaxial test machine is too high, and only a few units are researched, developed and purchased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension-compression loading of rock mass. The test bed can meet the requirements of conventional compression-shear tests, can also perform tests such as uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression, biaxial compression, triaxial compression and the like, is a great innovative improvement on the conventional direct-shear test machine at present, fully excavates the functions of the conventional direct-shear test machine, and makes the best use of things under the condition of saving cost.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension-compression loading of rock mass comprises a main body frame, wherein a vertical loading device and a horizontal loading device for loading the rock mass are arranged in the main body frame; a rock sample hoisting device is arranged on the main body frame, and a rock sample conveying device is arranged on one side of the main body frame; the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device are respectively controlled by a control system independently and are matched with each other without mutual interference; load sensors are arranged on the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device, the load sensors are used for detecting the load force of the loading oil cylinder and are connected with respective control systems to form a closed loop feedback system, the start and stop of the vertical loading oil cylinder are controlled by presetting maximum and minimum pressure values in the control systems and monitoring the difference between an actual display value and the preset maximum and minimum values, so that the purpose of loading or pressure stabilization is achieved; the rock sample on be equipped with deformation sensor, deformation sensor fix around the rock sample according to the experimental demand, measure the vertical and horizontal deformation of rock sample respectively. Different tools are arranged at the power ends of the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device, and different experiments are realized by performing different controls through a control system.
The testing of the different mechanical properties of rock specimen can be carried out to whole device after simple repacking, include: the rock mass compression shear test, draw shear test, unipolar compression test, unipolar tensile test, biax compression test, triaxial loading test etc. have realized a tractor serves several purposes's function.
Furthermore, the main frame comprises two stand columns, and an upper cross beam and a lower cross beam which are arranged on the two stand columns, and is welded by high-strength steel plates, so that the whole strength is high, the rigidity is high, and the requirement that the frame cannot deform in the test process is met.
Furthermore, the vertical loading device comprises a vertical loading oil cylinder, a load sensor I and a vertical pressurizing plate, wherein the vertical loading oil cylinder is arranged on the upper cross beam; the vertical loading oil cylinder adopts a large-tonnage high-precision servo bidirectional oil cylinder, so that the pulling and pressing bidirectional loading of the rock sample can be realized, and two experiments of pulling, shearing and pressing of the rock sample can be completed; the vertical maximum output load reaches 200 tons, and the defect that the traditional direct shear apparatus cannot finish a uniaxial compression test for a rock sample with higher strength or larger size is overcome; the load sensor I is used for detecting the loading force of the loading oil cylinder, is connected with the control system I, controls the start and stop of the vertical loading oil cylinder by presetting maximum and minimum pressure values in the control system I and monitoring the difference between an actual display value and the preset maximum and minimum values, and achieves the purpose of loading or stabilizing pressure; the pressure plate is connected with the power output end of the vertical loading oil cylinder, and can be detached and replaced according to test requirements, so that the load is transferred.
Furthermore, the horizontal loading device comprises two horizontal loading oil cylinders, a load sensor II and a horizontal pressurizing plate; the horizontal loading oil cylinder adopts a large-tonnage high-precision servo bidirectional oil cylinder, and the two oil cylinders are respectively arranged on upright posts at two sides of the frame and keep the central lines flush; the maximum output load of the oil cylinder can reach 200 tons, the requirement of high shearing force in a large-size rock sample shearing test can be met, and high lateral pressure can be applied in a double-shaft and three-shaft loading test; the load sensor II is used for detecting the loading force of the loading oil cylinder, is connected with the control system II, and controls the start and stop of the vertical loading oil cylinder by presetting maximum and minimum pressure values in the control system II and monitoring the difference between an actual display value and the preset maximum and minimum values so as to achieve the purpose of loading or stabilizing the pressure; the horizontal pressurizing plate is connected with the power output end of the horizontal loading oil cylinder, and can be detached and replaced according to test requirements, so that the effect of load transmission is achieved.
Furthermore, the matched software in the control system can be comprehensively and automatically formed into a required chart comprising a shear stress-shear displacement curve, a shear stress-normal displacement curve and a shear stress-normal stress curve, and can simultaneously display a stress-strain curve, a force-time curve, a force-displacement curve and the like.
Furthermore, the rock sample hoisting device is of a cantilever structure, one end of the cantilever structure is arranged on an upper cross beam of the main frame, free rotation in a horizontal plane can be achieved, and the other end of the cantilever structure is provided with a lifting mechanism, so that test installation of large-size rock samples can be achieved.
Furthermore, the rock sample transportation device comprises a transportation rack, slide rails and a movable base, wherein the upper surface of the transportation rack is flush with the upper surface of the lower beam of the main frame, the two slide rails are arranged on the upper surface of the transportation rack, and the movable base is arranged on the slide rails and can freely move along the slide rails; the rock mass is arranged on the movable base.
Different base forms are designed for different tests, and the base in the direct shear test is provided with the roller row, so that the horizontal movement of the lower shear box in the shearing process is facilitated; in other tests, the base only plays a role in bearing the rock sample and adjusting the height of the rock sample.
Furthermore, in the direct shear test of the rock mass, the testing machine also comprises an upper shear box and a lower shear box which are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample, and the shear box adopts an open design to ensure that the whole shear process can be observed.
Further, the replaceable pressurizing plate can be detached and replaced according to test requirements; in the direct shear test, the vertical pressurizing plate is a square steel plate, and the horizontal pressurizing plate is an L-shaped steel plate, so that the upper part and the lower part of the rock sample are not stressed on the same straight line in the shearing process. In the triaxial loading test, the vertical pressurizing plate is rhombic and is tightly attached to the upper surface of the rock sample, and the horizontal pressurizing plate is replaced by a loading clamp.
Furthermore, the replaceable loading clamp is mainly suitable for a triaxial test, and can be used for processing clamps with corresponding sizes according to the size of a test rock sample so as to ensure that the clamps are tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the rock sample; when the triaxial loading of taking the hole rock specimen is carried out, can add the hole on anchor clamps, make things convenient for the real-time observation of rock specimen loading process.
Specifically, the rock sample compression-shear test comprises the following steps:
(1) pulling out the movable base from the interior of the frame to a rock sample transportation rack along the slide rail;
(2) the rock sample with small size can be directly connected with the phase of the shearing box and is arranged on the movable base, the rock sample with large size can be installed in an auxiliary mode by means of the hoisting device, the base is pushed back to the inside of the frame and fixed after installation is completed, and the height of the base is adjusted according to the size of the rock sample and the relative position of the rock sample and the two horizontal loading oil cylinders;
(3) after the required sensor is installed and fixed, a vertical oil cylinder is adopted to apply a vertical pressure load to the rock sample, after a designed load value is reached, the left horizontal surface connected with the upper shearing box plays a role in providing counter force for fixing the oil cylinder, the right horizontal surface provides a horizontal shearing load for the lower shearing box, the rock sample is sheared and damaged, and the rock sample shearing mechanical parameters are measured through multiple tests.
Further, the rock sample tension-shear test comprises the following steps:
(1) pulling out the movable base from the interior of the frame to a rock sample transportation rack along the slide rail;
(2) the adopted structural surface of the tension-shear rock sample is in a non-through form;
(3) the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample are bonded with the shearing box by high-strength glue and then are arranged on the movable base, the rock sample with larger size can be installed in an auxiliary way by virtue of the hoisting device, the base is pushed back to the inside of the frame and fixed after the installation is finished, and the height of the base is adjusted according to the size of the rock sample and the relative position of the rock sample and the two horizontal loading oil cylinders;
(4) after the required sensor is installed and fixed, a vertical oil cylinder is adopted to apply a vertical pulling load to the rock sample, after a designed load value is reached, the left horizontal surface connected with the upper shearing box plays a role in providing counter force for the oil cylinder to fix, the right horizontal surface provides a horizontal shearing load for the lower shearing box for the oil cylinder, the rock sample is sheared and damaged, and the rock sample shearing mechanical parameters are measured through multiple tests.
Further, the triaxial rock sample loading test comprises the following steps:
(1) disassembling and replacing a vertical pressurizing plate in a direct shear test into a rhombic three-shaft pressure head, disassembling a horizontal L-shaped pressurizing plate, and replacing by using an independently designed three-shaft loading clamp;
(2) the movable base is pulled out from the inside of the frame to a rock sample transportation rack along the slide rail, the rock sample is installed on the movable base, the base can be pushed back to the inside of the frame and fixed after the installation is finished by means of a hoisting device when the size is larger, and the height of the base is adjusted according to the size of the rock sample and the relative position of the rock sample and the two horizontal loading oil cylinders;
(3) according to the design load value, the vertical oil cylinder is utilized to apply pressure load to the rock sample, and two horizontal oil cylinders and a loading clamp are utilized to realize the loading of the surrounding pressure of the peripheral surface of the rock sample, so that the function of triaxial compression is achieved.
Further, the uniaxial compression test of the rock sample comprises the following steps:
(1) installing the rock sample on a base inside the frame, and adjusting the height of the base;
(2) arranging and installing the required sensors;
(3) and driving the vertical oil cylinder to apply pressure load to the rock sample, and measuring mechanical parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength of the rock sample.
Further, the uniaxial tensile test of the rock sample comprises the following steps:
(1) installing the rock sample on a base inside the frame, and adjusting the height of the base;
(2) bonding the rock sample and the tensile loading pull head together by adopting high-strength glue;
(3) arranging and installing the required sensors;
(3) and driving the vertical oil cylinder to apply a tensile load to the rock sample, and measuring mechanical parameters such as uniaxial tensile strength of the rock sample.
Compared with the previous research, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the idea of an integrated testing machine is adopted, the diversity of test development is met, and the multiple purposes of one machine are realized;
(2) the testing machine adopts a large-tonnage oil cylinder and a high-precision servo control system, and can meet the requirement of precise simulation of deep-buried ground stress conditions;
(3) the whole device can be adaptively improved according to the test requirements, and the device is convenient and efficient;
(4) a three-axis loading clamp is innovatively adopted, and the loading of the peripheral surface load of the rock sample is realized by using two horizontal oil cylinders, so that the cost of the traditional three-axis test is greatly saved;
drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of direct shearing functions of the testing machine;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of rock sample installation and transport;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic views of a compression-shear rock sample, a shear box and a base;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tension shear rock sample, shear box and base;
FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10 are schematic diagrams of the triaxial loading function of the tester;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the triaxial loading expansion function of the tester;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the uniaxial compression function of the tester;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the hydraulic operating principle;
the device comprises a main frame 1, a main frame 2, a rock sample conveying rack 3, a horizontal loading oil cylinder 4, a vertical bidirectional loading oil cylinder 5, a load sensor 6, a movable base for direct shearing 7, a slide rail 8, a compression shear sample 9, a rock sample hoisting device 10, an upper shearing box 11, a lower shearing box 12, a roller row 13, a tension shear rock sample 14, a movable base for three shafts 15, a three-shaft sample seat 16, a three-shaft pressure head 17, a three-shaft loading clamp 18, a common three-shaft rock sample 19, a three-shaft rock sample with a hole 20, a three-shaft loading clamp with a hole 21, a vertical pressurizing plate 22, a horizontal L-shaped pressurizing plate 23 and a single-shaft rock sample.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Just as the background art introduces, the most simple structure of the test device that shears that has among the prior art, function singleness can't realize the function of the multiple mechanical properties test of rock, in order to solve above technical problem, this application has provided a novel multi-functional testing machine that is used for the direct shearing of rock mass, draws and presses loading.
In a typical embodiment of the present application, the multifunctional testing machine mainly comprises:
(1) a host framework: the interior of the frame is used as a place for implementing a series of rock sample tests;
(2) a loading mechanism: the device comprises a vertical loading device, a horizontal loading device and a hydraulic control system, wherein a closed-loop feedback system is formed by a computer, a controller and a series of sensors, the state of a servo valve is adjusted in real time according to the requirements of load, speed and the like in the test process, and the loading requirements of vertical and horizontal forces of a rock sample are met;
(3) a measuring device: the device consists of a load sensor and a deformation sensor and is used for measuring the stress and deformation values of a rock sample in the test process;
(4) an auxiliary device: the device consists of a rock sample hoisting device, a rock sample conveying device, a shearing box, a replaceable pressurizing plate and a replaceable loading clamp. The testing of the different mechanical properties of rock specimen can be carried out to whole device after simple repacking, include: the rock mass compression shear test, the tensile shear test, the uniaxial compression test, the uniaxial tension test, the triaxial loading test and the like realize the function of one machine with multiple purposes.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing, tension and compression loading of rock mass mainly comprises a main frame 1, which is composed of upright columns at two sides and an upper cross beam and a lower cross beam; the vertical bidirectional loading oil cylinders 4 are arranged on a cross beam of the frame 1, and the two horizontal loading oil cylinders 3 are arranged on upright columns at two sides of the frame 1; the load sensor 5 is directly connected with the loading oil cylinders 3 and 4, and measures and reads a pressure value; the rock sample conveying rack 2 is connected with the frame 1, two slide rails 7 are arranged on the surface of the rack 2, and movable bases 6 and 14 suitable for different tests in various forms can freely move along the slide rails 7; a cantilever type rock sample hoisting device 9 is arranged on an upper beam of the frame 1 to assist in installation of large-size rock samples; the movable base 6 suitable for the direct shear test is provided with a roller row 12; the rock samples required by different tests comprise a compression-shear rock sample 8, a tension-shear rock sample 13, a triaxial rock sample 18 and a uniaxial rock sample 23; corresponding pressurizing devices can be assembled according to different test requirements.
Furthermore, the main frame comprises upright columns, an upper cross beam and a lower cross beam, and is welded by high-strength steel plates, so that the overall strength is high, the rigidity is high, and the requirement that the frame cannot deform in the test process is met;
further, the vertical loading device comprises a vertical loading oil cylinder, a load sensor I and a pressurizing plate; the vertical loading oil cylinder adopts a large-tonnage high-precision servo bidirectional oil cylinder, so that the two-way loading of rock sample pulling and pressing can be realized, and two different functions of rock sample pressing and pulling and shearing can be realized; the load sensor I has high precision and good stability, and can accurately control the rock sample load; the pressurizing plate can be disassembled and replaced according to test requirements, and the effect of load transmission is achieved; the horizontal loading device consists of two horizontal loading oil cylinders, a load sensor II and a pressurizing plate; the horizontal loading oil cylinder adopts a large-tonnage high-precision servo one-way oil cylinder, and the two oil cylinders are respectively arranged on upright posts at two sides of the frame and keep the central lines flush; the load sensor II is high in precision and good in stability, and can accurately control the rock sample load, and the pressurizing plate can be detached and replaced according to test requirements, so that the load transferring effect is achieved; the vertical and horizontal loading devices are independently controlled by respective control systems and are mutually matched but not interfered with each other. The computer automatically controls the loading or pressure stabilization, a pump station is adopted to operate and supply oil during loading, an oil way is connected with the energy accumulator and the pressure sensor, the pump station is controlled to start and stop by presetting maximum and minimum pressure values and monitoring the difference between an actual display value and the preset maximum and minimum values, and the purpose of loading or pressure stabilization is achieved.
The load sensor I, II is connected to the loading cylinder piston and directly measures the load change through the loading attachment; the deformation sensors are fixed on the periphery of the rock sample according to test requirements and respectively measure the vertical deformation and the horizontal deformation of the rock sample; the matched software can be used for comprehensively and automatically forming required graphs including shear stress-shear displacement curves, shear stress-normal displacement curves and shear stress-normal stress curves, and simultaneously displaying stress-strain curves, force-time curves, force-displacement curves and the like.
The rock sample hoisting device is of a cantilever structure, one end of a cantilever is arranged on an upper beam of the main frame and can freely rotate in a horizontal plane, and the other end of the cantilever is provided with a hoisting mechanism and can realize the test installation of large-size rock samples;
the rock sample conveying device comprises a conveying rack, sliding rails and a movable base, wherein the upper surface of the conveying rack is flush with the upper surface of a lower beam of the main frame, the two sliding rails are arranged on the upper surface of the conveying rack, and the movable base is arranged on the sliding rails and can freely move along the sliding rails; different base forms are designed for different tests, and the base in the direct shear test is provided with the roller row, so that the horizontal movement of the lower shear box in the shearing process is facilitated; in other tests, the base only plays a role in bearing the rock sample and adjusting the height of the rock sample.
The direct shear test device is used for a direct shear test, and also comprises a shear box, wherein the shear box comprises an upper shear box and a lower shear box which are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of a rock sample, and the shear box is designed in an open manner, so that the whole shear process can be observed.
The replaceable pressurizing plate can be detached and replaced according to test requirements; in the direct shear test, the vertical pressurizing plate is a square steel plate, and the horizontal pressurizing plate is an L-shaped steel plate, so that the upper part and the lower part of the rock sample are not stressed on the same straight line in the shearing process.
In the triaxial loading test, the vertical pressurizing plate is rhombic and is tightly attached to the upper surface of the rock sample, and the horizontal pressurizing plate is replaced by a loading clamp.
The replaceable loading clamp is mainly suitable for a triaxial test, and can be used for processing clamps with corresponding sizes according to the size of a test rock sample so as to ensure that the clamps are tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the rock sample; compared with the traditional six-side loading plate separation loading, the clamp reduces two blank angles, and the test effect is superior to that of the traditional test.
When the triaxial loading of the rock sample 19 with the hole is carried out, the hole can be manufactured on the clamp, the real-time observation of the inside of the hole in the rock sample loading process is more convenient, the triaxial test machine is particularly suitable for rock burst test research, and compared with a true triaxial test machine for the traditional rock burst research, the triaxial test machine greatly improves the convenience of test operation; see in particular the apertured tri-axial loading fixture 20 of fig. 11.
The rock sample compression shear test comprises the following steps:
(1) pulling out the movable base 6 from the inside of the frame 1 along the slide rail 7 to the rock sample transportation rack 2;
(2) the rock sample with small size can be directly connected with the phase of the shearing boxes 10 and 11 and arranged on the movable base 6, the rock sample with large size can be installed in an auxiliary mode by means of the hoisting device 9, the base 6 is pushed back to the inside of the frame 1 and fixed after the installation is finished, and the height of the base 6 is adjusted according to the size of the rock sample and the relative position of the rock sample and the horizontal two loading oil cylinders 3;
(3) after the required sensors are installed and fixed, vertical pressure loads are applied to the rock sample by the aid of the vertical oil cylinders 4, after a designed load value is reached, the left horizontal side connected with the upper shearing box 10 plays a role in providing counter-force for fixing the oil cylinders 3, the right horizontal side provides horizontal shearing loads for the oil cylinders 3 to the lower shearing box 11, the rock sample is sheared and damaged, and shear mechanical parameters of the rock sample are measured through multiple tests.
The rock sample tension-shear test comprises the following steps:
(1) pulling out the movable base 6 from the inside of the frame 1 along the slide rail 7 to the rock sample transportation rack 2;
(2) the structural surface of the adopted tension-shear rock sample 13 is in a non-through form;
(3) the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample are bonded with the shearing boxes 11 and 12 by high-strength glue and then are arranged on the movable base 6, the rock sample with larger size can be installed in an auxiliary way by virtue of the hoisting device 9, the base 9 is pushed back to the inside of the frame 1 and fixed after the installation is finished, and the height of the base 6 is adjusted according to the size of the rock sample and the relative position of the rock sample and the two horizontal loading oil cylinders 3;
(4) after the required sensors are installed and fixed, vertical pulling loads are applied to the rock sample 13 by the vertical oil cylinder 4, after a designed load value is reached, the left horizontal surface connected with the upper shearing box 10 plays a role in providing counter-force for fixing the oil cylinder, the right horizontal surface provides horizontal shearing loads for the lower shearing box 11 by the oil cylinder, the rock sample 13 is sheared and damaged, and rock sample shearing mechanical parameters are measured through multiple tests.
The triaxial loading test of the rock sample comprises the following steps:
(1) a rhombic three-axis pressure head 16 is additionally arranged below a vertical pressurizing plate 21 in a direct shear test, a horizontal L-shaped pressurizing plate 22 is removed, and a three-axis loading clamp 17 is used for replacing the pressure head;
(2) the movable base 14 is pulled out from the inside of the frame 1 along the slide rail 7 to the rock sample transportation rack 2, the rock sample 18 is installed on the movable base 14, the lifting device 9 can be used for pushing the base 14 back to the inside of the frame 1 and fixing after the installation is finished, and the height of the base 14 is adjusted according to the size of the rock sample and the relative position of the two horizontal loading oil cylinders 3;
(3) according to the design load value, the vertical oil cylinder 4 is used for applying a pressure load to the rock sample, and the two horizontal oil cylinders 3 and the loading clamp 17 are used for realizing the loading of the surrounding pressure of the peripheral surface of the rock sample, so that the function of triaxial compression is achieved.
The uniaxial compression test of the rock sample comprises the following steps:
(1) installing the rock sample on a base inside the frame, and adjusting the height of the base;
(2) arranging and installing the required sensors;
(3) and driving the vertical oil cylinder to apply pressure load to the rock sample, and measuring mechanical parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength of the rock sample.
The uniaxial tensile test of the rock sample comprises the following steps:
(1) installing the rock sample on a base inside the frame, and adjusting the height of the base;
(2) bonding the rock sample and the tensile loading pull head together by adopting high-strength glue;
(3) arranging and installing the required sensors;
(3) and driving the vertical oil cylinder to apply a tensile load to the rock sample, and measuring mechanical parameters such as uniaxial tensile strength of the rock sample.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension-compression loading of rock mass is characterized by comprising a main body frame, wherein a vertical loading device and a horizontal loading device for loading the rock mass are arranged in the main body frame; a rock sample hoisting device is arranged on the main body frame, and a rock sample conveying device is arranged on one side of the main body frame; the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device are respectively controlled by a control system independently and are matched with each other without mutual interference; load sensors are arranged on the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device, are used for detecting the load force of the loading oil cylinder and are connected with respective control systems to form a closed-loop feedback system; the rock sample is provided with deformation sensors which are fixed on the periphery of the rock sample according to test requirements and respectively measure the vertical deformation and the horizontal deformation of the rock sample; different tools are arranged at the power ends of the vertical loading device and the horizontal loading device, and different experiments are realized by performing different controls through a control system;
the horizontal loading device comprises two horizontal loading oil cylinders, a load sensor II and a horizontal pressurizing plate; the horizontal loading oil cylinder adopts a large-tonnage high-precision servo one-way oil cylinder, and the two oil cylinders are respectively arranged on upright posts at two sides of the frame and keep the central lines flush;
in a triaxial loading test, the vertical compression plate is rhombic and is tightly attached to the upper surface of a rock sample, and the horizontal compression plate is replaced by a loading clamp;
the loading fixture is mainly suitable for a triaxial test, and the fixture with corresponding size is processed according to the size of a test rock sample, so that the fixture is tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the rock sample; when the triaxial loading of taking the hole rock specimen is carried out, can add the hole on anchor clamps, make things convenient for the real-time observation of rock specimen loading process.
2. A novel multifunctional tester for direct rock mass shearing and tension and compression loading as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the main frame comprises two columns and an upper beam and a lower beam mounted on the two columns.
3. The novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension-compression loading of rock mass as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the vertical loading device comprises a vertical loading oil cylinder, a load sensor I and a vertical pressurizing plate which are arranged on an upper cross beam; the vertical loading oil cylinder adopts a large-tonnage high-precision servo bidirectional oil cylinder, so that the two-way loading of rock sample pulling and pressing is realized, and two different functions of rock sample pressing and pulling and shearing are further realized; the load sensor I is used for detecting the loading force of the loading oil cylinder, is connected with the control system I, controls the start and stop of the vertical loading oil cylinder by presetting maximum and minimum pressure values in the control system I and monitoring the difference between an actual display value and the preset maximum and minimum values, and achieves the purpose of loading or stabilizing pressure; the vertical pressurizing plate is connected with the power output end of the vertical loading oil cylinder, and is detached and replaced according to test requirements, so that the load is transferred.
4. The novel multifunctional testing machine for direct rock shearing and tension and compression loading as claimed in claim 1, wherein the load sensor II is used for detecting the load force of the loading cylinder, is connected with the control system II, and controls the start and stop of the vertical loading cylinder by presetting maximum and minimum pressure values in the control system II and monitoring the difference between the actual display value and the preset maximum and minimum values, so as to achieve the purpose of loading or pressure stabilization; the horizontal pressurizing plate is connected with the power output end of the horizontal loading oil cylinder, and can be detached and replaced according to test requirements, so that the effect of load transmission is achieved.
5. A novel multifunctional tester for direct shear, tension and compression loading of rock mass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the necessary charts can be automatically formed in a comprehensive way by the matching software in the control system, including shear stress-shear displacement curve, shear stress-normal stress curve, and stress-strain curve, force-time curve and force-displacement curve can be displayed at the same time.
6. A novel multifunctional tester for direct shear and tension-compression loading of rock masses as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the rock sample hoisting device is of a cantilever structure, one end of the cantilever structure is mounted on the upper beam of the main frame and can freely rotate in the horizontal plane, and the other end is mounted with a hoisting mechanism to realize the test mounting of large-size rock samples.
7. The novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shearing and tension and compression loading of rock mass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the rock sample transportation device is composed of a transportation rack, a slide rail and a movable base, wherein the upper surface of the transportation rack is flush with the upper surface of the lower beam of the main frame, two slide rails are arranged on the upper surface of the transportation rack, and the movable base is arranged on the slide rail and can freely move along the slide rails; the rock mass is arranged on the movable base.
8. A novel multifunctional tester for direct shear and tension-compression loading of rock mass as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that in the direct shear test, the movable base is provided with a row of rollers to facilitate the horizontal movement of the lower shear box during the shearing process.
9. The novel multifunctional testing machine for direct shear and tension and compression loading of rock mass as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in the direct shear test of rock mass, the testing machine further comprises an upper shear box and a lower shear box which are respectively connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample, and the shear boxes are designed in an open manner to ensure that the whole shearing process can be observed;
in the direct shear test, the vertical pressurizing plate is a square steel plate, and the horizontal pressurizing plate is an L-shaped steel plate, so that the upper part and the lower part of the rock sample are not stressed on the same straight line in the shearing process.
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| CN109374438B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-02-14 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Rock shear test system |
| CN109269891A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-25 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of true triaxial loading device and test method suitable for false three-axis tester |
| CN110542610A (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-12-06 | 武汉理工大学 | rock mass stretching, compressing, shearing and twisting integrated test device |
| CN112665970B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2022-06-28 | 东北大学 | Three-dimensional direct shear box for three-steel true triaxial testing machine and use method |
| CN112881199B (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-11-30 | 东北大学 | Three-dimensional direct shear test device and method for mechanical property research of hard rock structural surface |
| CN113984504B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-06-23 | 山东大学 | Multifunctional rock mechanical test system and test method thereof |
| CN115389346A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Closed-loop control system applied to on-site large-scale mechanical test and control method thereof |
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