CN106290007A - A kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device and method - Google Patents
A kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106290007A CN106290007A CN201610859650.0A CN201610859650A CN106290007A CN 106290007 A CN106290007 A CN 106290007A CN 201610859650 A CN201610859650 A CN 201610859650A CN 106290007 A CN106290007 A CN 106290007A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field, disclose a kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device, including: pedestal and framework fixed thereon；First shear box and the second shear box arranged in contrast, described first shear box and described second shear box are arranged on described pedestal；Horizontal addload structure, is connected with described first shear box and described second shear box respectively, drives the second shear box described in described first shear box to perform the stretching to rock sample or squeeze operation；Vertical load system, is connected with described framework, for performing the shearing manipulation to described rock sample, applies shearing to described rock sample.The invention provides a kind of double-sided stretch, compression shear apparatus improves to improve and cuts and the constitutive relation under compression-shear stress effect and criterion of strength drawing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field, particularly to a kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device
And method.
Background technology
The construction of such as large water conservancy hydroelectric engineering, the excavation of deep-lying tunnel, the exploitation of various mineral resources, Urban Underground
The exploitation in space, the mankind's more and more construction activity be unable to do without the excavation of rock mass, excavates the deformation failure along with rock mass, its
Mechanical characteristic changes, therefore study the mechanical characteristic of rock mass damage and deformation behaviour be rock mechanics main direction of studying it
One.
The principal mode of the rock failure mechanism of rock includes: failure by shear is tested；The failure by shear performance of rock under different stress conditions
Go out different mechanical characteristics and deformation behaviour；Common shear pattern has: compression shear destroys, tensile shear destroys, torsion breaks
The one sides such as bad, triaxial compressions failure by shear, varied angle failure by shear destroy；But in Practical Project operates, rock shearing
Failure mode, stress form is diversified, and one side destroys and tends not to completely reflect the mechanism that rock interior destroys so that
Mechanical characteristic and the reliability of Deformation Characteristics Study that rock shearing destroys leave a question open, and affect the reliability and stability of engineering.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device, solves rock interior in prior art and breaks
Bad Mechanism Study is unilateral, and form is single, the technical problem that reliability is low.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device, bag
Include:
Pedestal and framework fixed thereon；
First shear box and the second shear box arranged in contrast, described first shear box and described second shear box
It is arranged on described pedestal；
Horizontal addload structure, is connected with described first shear box and described second shear box respectively, drives described first to cut
Cut the second shear box described in box and perform the stretching to rock sample or squeeze operation；
Vertical load system, is connected with described framework, for performing the shearing manipulation to described rock sample, to described rock
Stone sample applies shearing.
Further, described first shear box and described second shear box possess identical structure；Including:
Sample groove, is used for loading rock sample；
Cover plate, is arranged on described sample groove, provides fixed bit from sample top, provides fixing from specimen width direction
Position, is used for rock sample from thickness direction, and width is pressed in described sample groove.
Further, described cover plate includes: top board and connected side plate；
Described top board is fixed on described sample groove, for providing thrust from sample thickness direction；
Described side plate is fixed on described sample groove, for providing thrust from specimen width direction.
Further, described sample groove also includes: movable pressing board；
Described movable pressing board is movably connected with described sample groove, can along specimen width direction near and away from described side
Plate, for being pressed on rock sample on described side plate or discharging on described side plate.
Further, described side plate and/or described movable pressing board are arranged to coarse for the medial surface contacting rock sample
Face.
Further, described cover plate also includes: top side movable pressing board；
Described top side movable pressing board is arranged in the groove being opened in described top board, is connected with described roof movement, can
Along experimental thickness direction near and away from the bottom land of described sample groove, for rock sample being pressed on the groove of described sample groove
The end or discharge from the bottom land of described sample groove.
Further, described horizontal addload system includes:
Locating support；
The the first level force assembly being connected with described first shear box, the second force being connected with described second shear box
Assembly；Described first level force assembly and described second force assembly be separately fixed on described locating support, using its as
Force fulcrum；
Horizontal slide rail and the first slide block matched and the second slide block；
Described first shear box is fixed on described first slide block, and described second shear box is fixed on described second slide block
On.
Further, described Vertical loading structure includes: vertically exert a force assembly；
Described vertical force assembly is fixing on said frame, is used for being perpendicular to described rock sample and applies shearing.
Further, locating support includes: the first location-plate, the second location-plate and guide post between the two；
Described first location-plate is fixedly linked with described first level force assembly, described second location-plate and described second
Level force assembly is fixedly linked；
Described guide post is movably connected with described framework by sliding shaft sleeve, can slide in the horizontal direction, is used for adjusting institute
State the first shear box and the horizontal level of described second shear box.
A kind of rock based on described rock stretching and compression dual shear test device stretches and compression two-sided cutting
Test method, including:
Sample preparation process, is pressed on rock sample in described first shear box and described second shear box；Adjust
Horizontal addload structure, makes the horizontal precalculated position of rock sample arrival, and the point of application is positioned in the horizontal median axis of rock sample；Adjust
Whole Vertical loading structure so that it is bottom is resisted against rock sample top center；
Stretching two-sided cutting step, by horizontal addload structure applying horizontal pull to reservation value, then by vertically adding
Carry structure and apply vertical shear until described rock sample destroys；
Change rock sample, and according to said sample preparation process complete rock sample fix and device arrange；
Compression two-sided cutting step, by horizontal addload structure applying horizontal pressure force to reservation value, then by vertically adding
Carry structure and apply vertical shear until described rock sample destroys.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, at least have the following technical effect that or advantage:
In the embodiment of the present application provide rock stretching and compression dual shear test device, by horizontal addload structure with
And first, second shear box achieve the compression of rock sample and extended state sets so that rock shearing is tested, it is possible to realize
Two-sided compression and double-sided stretch, particularly double-sided stretch can fully go back the stress of geological diagnostics so that shearing experiment can
Carry out the dual shear test under different tension and action of compressive stress, it is thus achieved that rock shearing mechanics parameter and deformation behaviour, for
Improve and improve rock draw cut/compression-shear stress effect under constitutive relation and criterion of strength, have important theory significance and
Practical significance, improves integrity and the reliability of the research of rock interior failure mechanism.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 stretches for the rock that the embodiment of the present invention provides and the structural representation of compression dual shear test device；
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1；
The structural representation of the shear box that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
The covering plate structure schematic diagram that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the left view of Fig. 4；
The structural representation of the sample groove that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment of the present application, by providing a kind of rock to stretch and compression dual shear test device, solves in prior art
The research of rock interior failure mechanism is unilateral, and form is single, the technical problem that reliability is low；Reach lifting rock failure mechanism of rock mechanism to grind
The technique effect of the science studied carefully, integrity and reliability.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the general thought of the embodiment of the present application offer technical scheme is as follows:
By arranging force application structure for rock sample on two sides, it is achieved the mechanical state reduction stretching and compressing, thus
Fully improve reliability and the science of research；Thus obtain the most reliable rock shearing mechanics parameter and deformation spy
Levy, for enter and improve rock draw cut/compression-shear stress effect under constitutive relation and criterion of strength, there is important theory significance
And practical significance.
In order to be better understood from technique scheme, below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment to upper
State technical scheme to be described in detail, it should be understood that the specific features in the embodiment of the present invention and embodiment is to the application skill
The detailed description of art scheme rather than the restriction to technical scheme, in the case of not conflicting, the embodiment of the present application
And the technical characteristic in embodiment can be mutually combined.
Seeing Fig. 1, a kind of rock that the embodiment of the present invention provides stretches and compression dual shear test device, including:
Pedestal 1 and framework 2 fixed thereon.
First shear box 14 and the second shear box 15 arranged in contrast, described first shear box 14 and described second
Shear box 15 is arranged on described pedestal 1.
Horizontal addload structure, is connected with described first shear box 14 and described second shear box 15 respectively, drives described
Described in one shear box 14, the second shear box 15 performs the stretching to rock sample 11 or squeeze operation.It is achieved thereby that from structure
On double-sided stretch and two-sided compression, the complete research process of failure mechanism.
Vertical load system, is connected with described framework 2, for performing the shearing manipulation to described rock sample 11, to institute
State rock sample 11 and apply shearing.
Specifically, described first shear box 14 and described second shear box 15 possess identical structure.
See Fig. 3～6, illustrate as a example by the first shear box, including:
Sample groove 141, is used for loading rock sample.
Cover plate 142, is arranged on described sample groove 141, provides fixed bit from sample top, provides from specimen width direction
Fixed bit, is used for rock sample from thickness direction, and width is pressed in described sample groove 141.
Specifically, described cover plate 142 includes: top board 1421 and the side plate 1422 being connected；
Described top board 1421 is fixed on described sample groove 141, for providing thrust from sample thickness direction；I.e. by rock
Stone sample 11 top down pressure.
Described side plate 1422 is fixed on described sample groove 141, for providing thrust from specimen width direction.
Specifically, two relative power are provided in the direction of the width so that rock sample 11 is stable in the direction of the width.
Further, described sample groove also includes: movable pressing board 145.
Described movable pressing board 145 is movably connected with described sample groove 141, specifically, and movable pressing board 145 and the second sample
Cell wall 1414 is flexibly connected, can along specimen width direction near and away from described side plate 1422, for rock sample 11 is pressed
Tight release on described side plate 1422 or on described side plate 1422.
Specifically, described side plate 1422 is embedded in described sample groove 141, is resisted against on the first sample cell wall 1413, from
And make the first sample cell wall 1413 become setting base, exactly, rock sample 11 is resisted against the first sample cell wall 1413,
Rock sample is positioned on same axis, it is ensured that the reliability of level force in the force of two shear boxs.
Further, described side plate 1422 and/or described movable pressing board 145 are arranged for the medial surface contacting rock sample
Become matsurface.By increasing frictional force, promote the shear box biasing effect to rock sample 11.
Further, described cover plate also includes: top side movable pressing board 144.
Described top side movable pressing board 144 is arranged in the groove 1424 being opened in described top board 1421, with described top board
1421 are movably connected, can along experimental thickness direction near and away from the bottom land of described sample groove, for rock sample is compressed
Bottom land at described sample groove or the release of the bottom land from described sample groove.Downward pressure is i.e. applied from sample top.
Arranging adjusting nut 8 at described top board 1421 and withstand on top side movable pressing board 144, the regulation as volume under pressure is tied
Structure.Similar, described 145 use similar stroke adjustment structure.
Preferably, it is also possible to the contact surface at top side movable pressing board 144 with sample is arranged to matsurface such that it is able to apply
The stiction of length direction, auxiliary realizes stretching and squeeze operation.
Specifically, matsurface can be arranged to serrated face, to promote coefficient of friction.Further, in sample groove 141
One cushion block 143 is set, is resisted against on the 3rd sample cell wall 1411, make sample stress evenly, it is ensured that fixing reliability.
Further, fixed lobe 1412 is set at the 3rd sample cell wall 1411 top, top board 1421 arranges phase
The groove 1424 joined so that top board can possess the fixed performance of good width and length direction so that
Side plate 1422 can form two fixed pivots, thus promotes the reliability that width location is fixing；On the other hand, it is possible to join
Close top side portable plate auxiliary and realize stretching and squeeze operation, be provided simultaneously with good reliability.
Seeing Fig. 2, described horizontal addload system includes:
Locating support；
The the first level force assembly 5 being connected with described first shear box 14, the be connected with described second shear box 15
Two force assemblies 6；Described first level force assembly 5 and described second force assembly 6 be separately fixed at described locating support (4,
7,8) on, using it as force fulcrum.
Specifically, the first force group 5 can use force jack, the second force assembly 6 to use rotating sliding device by part.
Horizontal slide rail 12 and the first slide block matched and the second slide block (13).
Described first shear box 14 is fixed on described first slide block, and it is sliding that described second shear box 15 is fixed on described second
On block.Thus stretching based on rock sample 11 center line or squeeze operation can be realized, in the longitudinal direction, two shear boxs produce
Relative displacement.
Described Vertical loading structure includes: vertical force assembly 9；
Described vertical force assembly is fixing on said frame, is used for being perpendicular to described rock sample and applies shearing.Optional
With, exert a force jack.
Preferably, connect a briquetting 10 in its front end by spherical twisted seat, be resisted against in the middle part of rock sample 11, it is ensured that force
Uniformly.
Further, locating support includes: first, second location-plate 7 and guide post between the two 4.
Described first location-plate and described first level force assembly 5 are fixedly linked, described second location-plate and described the
Two level force assemblies 6 are fixedly linked.
Described guide post 4 is movably connected with described framework 2 by sliding shaft sleeve 3, can slide in the horizontal direction, be used for adjusting
Described first shear box 14 and the horizontal level of described second shear box 15.
The present embodiment additionally provides test method based on said apparatus.
A kind of rock based on described rock stretching and compression dual shear test device stretches and compression two-sided cutting
Test method, including:
Sample preparation process, is pressed on rock sample in described first shear box and described second shear box；Adjust
Horizontal addload structure, makes the horizontal precalculated position of rock sample arrival, and the point of application is positioned in the horizontal median axis of rock sample；Adjust
Whole Vertical loading structure so that it is bottom is resisted against rock sample top center；
Stretching two-sided cutting step, by horizontal addload structure applying horizontal pull to reservation value, then by vertically adding
Carry structure and apply vertical shear until described rock sample destroys；
Change rock sample, and according to said sample preparation process complete rock sample fix and device arrange；
Compression two-sided cutting step, by horizontal addload structure applying horizontal pressure force to reservation value, then by vertically adding
Carry structure and apply vertical shear until described rock sample destroys.
Described device and test method thereof will be introduced respectively below by two specific embodiments.
The method utilizing above-mentioned rock dual shear test device to carry out stretching dual shear test, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: sample 11 is placed on the L-shaped sample groove 141 (151) of first shear box the 14, second shear box 15, and
Adjust device location, it is ensured that sample 11 axis is positioned on the first level force assembly 5 axis.Reserved 50mm in the middle of sample 11
Distance, adjust first, second shear box 14,15 and sample 11 to precalculated position.
Step 2: start the first level force assembly 5, the second level force assembly 6 is also added by guide post 4 fine setting level
Loading system, it is ensured that briquetting 10, centrally through vertical jack 9 axis, is placed on reserved place in the middle of sample 11 by sample 11.
Step 3: operation level jack 5, applies horizontal tension to predetermined value, and rerun vertical jack 9, applies to hang down
Staight scissors stress destroys to sample 11.
Step 4: after having tested, dismantles left and right shear box 14,15 and takes out sample 11, repairing experiment instrument, according to examination
Test result and carry out data analysis.
Embodiment 2: rock compressed dual shear test
Step 1: sample 11 is placed on the L-shaped sample groove 141 (151) of first shear box the 14, second shear box 15, and
Adjust device location, it is ensured that sample 11 axis is positioned on the first level force assembly 5 axis.Reserved 50mm in the middle of sample 11
Distance, adjust first, second shear box 14,15 and sample 11 to precalculated position.
Step 2: start the first level force assembly 5, the second level force assembly 6 is also added by guide post 4 fine setting level
Loading system, it is ensured that briquetting 10, centrally through vertical jack 9 axis, is placed on reserved place in the middle of sample 11 by sample 11.
Step 3: operation level jack 5, applies horizontal compressive stress to predetermined value, and rerun vertical jack 9, applies to hang down
Staight scissors stress destroys to sample 11.
Step 4: after having tested, dismantles left and right shear box 14,15 and takes out sample 11, repairing experiment instrument, according to examination
Test result and carry out data analysis.
The one or more technical schemes provided in the embodiment of the present application, at least have the following technical effect that or advantage:
In the embodiment of the present application provide rock stretching and compression dual shear test device, by horizontal addload structure with
And first, second shear box achieve the compression of rock sample and extended state sets so that rock shearing is tested, it is possible to realize
Two-sided compression and double-sided stretch, particularly double-sided stretch can fully go back the stress of geological diagnostics so that shearing experiment can
Carry out the dual shear test under different tension and action of compressive stress, it is thus achieved that rock shearing mechanics parameter and deformation behaviour, for
Improve and improve rock draw cut/compression-shear stress effect under constitutive relation and criterion of strength, have important theory significance and
Practical significance, improves integrity and the reliability of the research of rock interior failure mechanism.
It should be noted last that, above detailed description of the invention only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted,
Although the present invention being described in detail with reference to example, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the present invention
Technical scheme modify or equivalent, without deviating from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be contained
In the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. a rock stretching and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that including:
Pedestal and framework fixed thereon；
First shear box and the second shear box arranged in contrast, described first shear box and described second shear box are arranged
On described pedestal；
Horizontal addload structure, is connected with described first shear box and described second shear box respectively, drives described first shear box
Described second shear box performs the stretching to rock sample or squeeze operation；
Vertical load system, is connected with described framework, for performing the shearing manipulation to described rock sample, tries to described rock
Sample applies shearing.
2. rock stretching as claimed in claim 1 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that described first shears
Box and described second shear box possess identical structure；Including:
Sample groove, is used for loading rock sample；
Cover plate, is arranged on described sample groove, provides fixed bit from sample top, provides fixed bit from specimen width direction, uses
In by rock sample from thickness direction, width is pressed in described sample groove.
3. rock stretching as claimed in claim 2 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that described cover plate bag
Include: top board and connected side plate；
Described top board is fixed on described sample groove, for providing thrust from sample thickness direction；
Described side plate is fixed on described sample groove, for providing thrust from specimen width direction.
4. rock stretching as claimed in claim 3 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that described sample groove is also
Including: movable pressing board；
Described movable pressing board is movably connected with described sample groove, can along specimen width direction near and away from described side plate, use
In rock sample being pressed on described side plate or discharging on described side plate.
5. rock stretching as claimed in claim 4 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that: described side plate and/
Or described movable pressing board is arranged to matsurface for the medial surface contacting rock sample.
6. rock stretching as claimed in claim 4 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that described cover plate also wraps
Include: top side movable pressing board；
Described top side movable pressing board is arranged in the groove being opened in described top board, is connected with described roof movement, can be along reality
Test thickness direction near and away from the bottom land of described sample groove, for rock sample is pressed on described sample groove bottom land or
Person discharges from the bottom land of described sample groove.
7. the rock stretching as described in any one of claim 1～6 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that institute
State horizontal addload system to include:
Locating support；
The the first level force assembly being connected with described first shear box, the second force group being connected with described second shear box
Part；Described first level force assembly and described second force assembly are separately fixed on described locating support, using it as executing
Power fulcrum；
Horizontal slide rail and the first slide block matched and the second slide block；
Described first shear box is fixed on described first slide block, and described second shear box is fixed on described second slide block.
8. stone stretching as claimed in claim 7 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that described Vertical loading is tied
Structure includes: vertically exert a force assembly；
Described vertical force assembly is fixing on said frame, is used for being perpendicular to described rock sample and applies shearing.
9. stone stretching as claimed in claim 7 and compression dual shear test device, it is characterised in that locating support includes:
First location-plate, the second location-plate and guide post between the two；
Described first location-plate is fixedly linked with described first level force assembly, described second location-plate and described second level
Force assembly is fixedly linked；
Described guide post is movably connected with described framework by sliding shaft sleeve, can slide in the horizontal direction, is used for adjusting described
One shear box and the horizontal level of described second shear box.
10. one kind based on the rock stretching described in claim 1 and the rock stretching of compression dual shear test device and is compressed
Dual shear test method, it is characterised in that including:
Sample preparation process, is pressed on rock sample in described first shear box and described second shear box；Adjustment level
Loading structure, makes the horizontal precalculated position of rock sample arrival, and the point of application is positioned in the horizontal median axis of rock sample；Adjust and hang down
Straight loading structure so that it is bottom is resisted against rock sample top center；
Stretching two-sided cutting step, by horizontal addload structure applying horizontal pull to reservation value, is then tied by Vertical loading
Structure applies vertical shear until described rock sample destroys；
Change rock sample, and according to said sample preparation process complete rock sample fix and device arrange；
Compression two-sided cutting step, by horizontal addload structure applying horizontal pressure force to reservation value, is then tied by Vertical loading
Structure applies vertical shear until described rock sample destroys.
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| CN201610859650.0A CN106290007A (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | A kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device and method |
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| CN201610859650.0A CN106290007A (en) | 2016-09-28 | 2016-09-28 | A kind of rock stretching and compression dual shear test device and method |
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| CN112945755A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-11 | 陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院勘察分院 | Rock double-face shearing test device and test method |
| CN113237762A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock tension-compression ring shear test method |
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