CN106092757B - A kind of experimental rig and its application method of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig and its application method of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092757B CN106092757B CN201610452297.4A CN201610452297A CN106092757B CN 106092757 B CN106092757 B CN 106092757B CN 201610452297 A CN201610452297 A CN 201610452297A CN 106092757 B CN106092757 B CN 106092757B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/58—Investigating machinability by cutting tools; Investigating the cutting ability of tools
Abstract
The invention discloses the experimental rigs and its application method of a kind of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, and crack rock test specimen is placed between test stand and pressure head, and dead load is applied to crack rock test specimen by pressure head.Metal joint inner face is embedded in inside crack rock test specimen crack, and Manual pressurization pump is connected with metal joint by connection hose.Pressure gauge is installed on connection hose；It is parallel to crack rock test specimen fissure direction, large scale foil gauge, foil gauge connection strain case are pasted in upper and lower two sides, and strain case accesses computer；Meanwhile pressure gauge is connected by analog-digital converter with computer, pressure head is directly accessed computer.The present invention is a kind of experimental rig and its application method realized to the static load of the research of deep crack rock intensity and stability under effect of water pressure and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock.Structure is simple, easy to process, convenient for operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig of broken rock, the test of especially a kind of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock is filled
It sets.The invention further relates to the application methods of the static load and the experimental rig of hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock.
Background technique
In many geotechnical engineerings such as mining and tunnel excavation, there are a large amount of rock mechanics indepth engineerings.Excavate et al.
For factor or natural cause, the original stress equilibrium state of deep rock mass is changed, is released deep rock mass elastic strain energy, rock
Original microfissure extension in body, and neighboring cracks are penetrated through, deep rock mass stability is influenced, mining and tunnel excavation etc. are made
There are security risks for geotechnical engineering.
In addition, there is a large amount of underground water in deep rock mass excavation, considerably increases deep rock mass and excavate difficulty.Work as depth
Portion's rock excavation is to certain phase, and original crack extension, perforation, after crack is connected with underground water, underground water will be rapidly entered
Crack.Inside crack, underground water will generate direct stress to crack, so that the original stress distribution of crack rock is influenced, thus plus
The extension in fast crack.Therefore, the effect of water pressure On Crack Propagation is specified, has important role to analysis crack rock stability.
Simultaneously as deep rock mass sampling is more difficult, the complete sample production containing crack is difficult, and current many scholars are all made of water
The Mechanical Characters of Composite Ground of the equivalent material simulatings deep rock mass such as mud, gypsum.But the practical mechanical property of the encountered rock mass of deep engineering with
The mechanical property of analog material still remains very big difference, therefore cannot be complete with the mechanical test that analog material is carried out
The due mechanical state of full response deep rock mass.Therefore water pressure is directly directly tested to crack rock mass strength with practical rock mass
Influence seems more important.
Summary of the invention
Underground water includes chemical action, physical action and mechanical function to the effect of deep crack rock.In chemical action,
Underground water and contact rock mass generate chemical reaction, and deep rock mass mechanical property is made to generate reduction, generate to ROCK MASS JOINT surface rotten
Erosion, so that rock joint surface topography changes, to reduce the internal friction angle and bonding coefficient of rock.Deep Groundwater produces
Raw mechanical property is mainly shown as: after the perforation of deep rock mass micro-crack extension, underground water will be entered by connection crackle
Inside crack, water pressure is generated in inside crack, to change the stress of crack rock.At this point, due to rock mass bury in
Underground deep, the pressure for mainly generating the compression generated by upper layer Gravity and surrounding rock body under crustal stress effect
Stress, i.e. deep rock mass are mostly under pressured state.In this state, underground water is entered inside rock mass by penetrating through crack,
Due to the mobility of underground water, entire crack will be filled with, underground water will be generated in fracture surface perpendicular to fissure-plane at this time, and
And it is directed toward the direct stress inside rock mass.Since the action direction of the direct stress is contrary with the compression that deep rock mass is subject to,
The presence that old place is lauched reduces the effective stress on fissure-plane, i.e. the effective stress of Anticrack is reduced, to lead
Fracturing line further expanding and penetrating through, the final overall stability for influencing deep rock mass.
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of realize to deep crack rock under effect of water pressure
The static load of the research of body intensity and stability and the experimental rig of hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the examination of a kind of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock
The application method of experiment device.
In order to solve above-mentioned first technical problem, the test of static load provided by the invention and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock is filled
It sets, including synchronous data sampling and storage display device in static load loading device, Water hydraulic static pressure loading device and loading procedure；It is described
Static load loading device include test stand and pressure head, crack rock test specimen is placed between the test stand and the pressure head, quiet
Load is applied to the crack rock test specimen by the pressure head, and the plane between the pressure head and the test stand is protected
Maintain an equal level row；The Water hydraulic static pressure loading device includes that metal joint, jointing, connection hose and force (forcing) pump, the metal connect
The inner face of head is embedded in inside the crack of the crack rock test specimen, and the Single port of outer end face and the jointing is close
It is connected, the another port of the jointing is connected by connecting hose with the outlet pipe of force (forcing) pump；The loading procedure
Middle synchronous data sampling and storage display device include: that the fissure direction or more is parallel on the crack rock test specimen
Two sides are adhesive with foil gauge, and the foil gauge is connect by conducting wire with strain case, and the strain case accesses computer；It is described
Connection hose on pressure gauge is installed, the signal of the pressure gauge is connected into analog-digital converter, and the analog-digital converter connects
Enter the computer；The pressure head is directly connected with the computer by controlling route, controls the pressure head
Loading speed and size.
The pressure head is plate pressure head or shearing-type pressure head.
The force (forcing) pump is Manual pressurization pump.
The metal joint upper section is tiny, with the jointing interface size coincide, lower section outside dimension with
Prefabricated slot dimensions match on the crack rock test specimen.
The outer end face of the metal joint is closely coupled by thread mode and the Single port of the jointing.
The application pressure of the force (forcing) pump is 1-5MPa.
In order to solve above-mentioned second technical problem, the test of static load provided by the invention and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock is filled
The application method set, specific steps include:
One, test specimen is processed: the crack rock that sillar is cut into stonecutter size needed for testing in the lab tries
Part, and crack is formed in the crackle predeterminated position of crack rock test specimen high pressure waterjet；
Two, early-stage preparations are tested: metal joint inner face is embedded in the crack of the crack rock test specimen of machined completion
In, and by metal joint and crack junction and peripheral sealing, later above and below the fissure direction for being parallel to crack rock test specimen
Foil gauge is pasted in two sides, and finally crack rock test specimen is placed in test stand, foil gauge conducting wire is connect with strain case, simultaneously
Metal joint is connected by connection hose with force (forcing) pump；
Three, experimental stage: pressure head is controlled by computer first, a degree of axial pressure is applied to crack rock test piece
Power；Then water pressure is applied to crack rock test piece using Water hydraulic static pressure loading device, and hydraulic pressure is controlled by force (forcing) pump and remains constant
Value；Static load loading device is continued through later, axial compressive force is applied to crack rock test piece, until crack rock test specimen destroys；Add
During load, the correlation tests data such as pressure, deformation are recorded by synchronous data sampling system in real time.
The crack rock test specimen is cube shaped.
The inclination angle in the crack of the crack rock test specimen is 0-180 °.
The axial compressive force loaded before Water hydraulic static pressure loading is used to the position of the fixed crack rock test specimen, and value is less than described
Crack rock test specimen elastic limit.
The experimental rig and its application method of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock by adopting the above technical scheme, are capable of measuring
A variety of test parameters.Specific test parameters has:
1. the compression strength and peak load of the test specimen of crack rock containing different angle under identical hydraulic pressure effect.
2. compression strength and peak load containing identical inclination angle crack rock test specimen under different hydraulic pressure effects.
3. crack initiation time and the initiation moment in each crack rock test specimen crack.
By analyzing above-mentioned measurement data, it can analyze and show that when water pressure is identical, which kind of crack dip more holds
It is also easy to produce destruction；When crack dip is identical, water pressure is easier to cause the unstable failure of crack rock when why being worth；And not
Under same crack dip, different effect of water pressure, when crack rock is under great compressive stress state, the crack of crack rock is opened
Begin the related conclusions such as extension.Meanwhile conclusion (of pressure testing) can be applied to engineering reality.In the actual construction process, it should avoid least
Sharp incident angle and water pressure is decreased or increased by other methods can be pre- to determine that crack rock is in the construction process
The most stable state seen.
This simulation static load and the experimental rig and method of hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock have the advantage that
1. pressure head is set as plate pressure head and shearing-type pressure head, rock mass can be simulated simultaneously and is carried by axial load and shearing
Stress when lotus acts on.
2., can be directly by effect of water pressure in crack rock since metal joint is directly embedded in inside crack rock test specimen crack
Inside body test specimen crack, guarantee water pressure to the function and effect in crack.
3. experimental rig is simple, it is easy preparation, without reequiping to large-scale rock mechanics experiment machine, experimental rig cost
It is low.
The present invention simulates static load and the experimental rig of hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock solves in laboratory conditions, studies water
The measurement work of pressure and material properties of rock under static load collective effect.Meanwhile the simulation test device mechanism is simple, reasonable, easily
It is easy to operate in manufacture, examination is provided for experiment desk research static load and influence of the hydraulic pressure coupling to crack rock mass strength
Test basis.
In conclusion the present invention is a kind of research realized to deep crack rock intensity and stability under effect of water pressure
Static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock experimental rig and its application method.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the experimental rig of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock of the invention.
Fig. 2 is schematic diagram at the metal joint of the experimental rig of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock.
Fig. 3 is a kind of pressure head schematic diagram of the experimental rig of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock.
Fig. 4 is another pressure head schematic diagram of the experimental rig of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock.
In figure: 1- test stand, 2- pressure head, the crack 3-, 4- foil gauge, 5- crack rock test specimen, 6- metal joint, 7- connection are soft
Pipe, 8- pressure gauge, 9- Manual pressurization pump, 10- strain case, 11- computer, 12-L shape hose connector, 13- analog-to-digital conversion
The plate pressure head of device, 21-, 22- shearing-type pressure head.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to experimental rig and the side of a kind of static load of the present invention and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock
Method is described further.
A kind of experimental rig of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock analyzes crack rock site inspection in laboratory
Gained information, by determining the distribution characteristics of rock cranny to content analyses such as crack occurrence, inclination angle and length.According to rock mass
Fractured zones feature determines the analog informations such as laboratory simulation rock sample crack dip, length, item number.
It is reported according to live water resources investigation, crack rock local environment water project situation is determined, so that it is determined that simulated water pressure power
And confining pressure range.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the experimental rig of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, including static load load dress
It sets, synchronous data sampling and storage display device in Water hydraulic static pressure loading device and loading procedure；Static load loading device includes test stand 1
With pressure head 2, pressure head 2 has 22 two types of plate pressure head 21 and shearing-type pressure head；Crack rock test specimen 5 is placed in 1 He of test stand
Between pressure head 2, dead load is applied to crack rock test specimen 5 by pressure head 2, during loading, between pressure head 2 and test stand 1
Plane keeping parallelism.
The Water hydraulic static pressure loading device includes metal joint 6, L shape hose connector 12, connection hose 7 and manual pressure
Pump 9,6 upper section of metal joint is tiny, coincide with 12 interface size of L shape hose connector, lower section outside dimension and crack rock
Prefabricated 3 size of crack matches on body test specimen 5.6 inner face of metal joint is embedded in inside the crack 3 of crack rock test specimen 5, outside
End face is closely coupled by thread mode and the Single port of L shape hose connector 12, L shape hose connector 12 it is another
Port is connected by connecting hose 7 with the delivery hose of Manual pressurization pump 9；
Synchronous data sampling and storage display device include: that 3 side of crack is parallel on crack rock test specimen 5 in loading procedure
It is adhesive with foil gauge 4 to upper and lower two sides, foil gauge 4 is connect by conducting wire with strain case 10, and strain case 10 accesses computer 11；Even
It connects and pressure gauge 8 is installed on hose 7, pressure gauge 8, measurement load water pressure size, it is 1-5MPa that water pressure, which can apply value,.Pressure
The signal of table 8 is connected into analog-digital converter 13, and analog-digital converter 13 accesses computer 11；Pressure head 2 by control route directly with meter
Calculation machine 11 is connected, and controls the loading speed and size of pressure head 2.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the application method of the experimental rig of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, specifically
Step includes:
The first step, test specimen processing: sillar is cut into having a size of 20 × 15 × 10cm's with stonecutter in the lab
Cube shaped crack rock test specimen 5, and forming inclination angle with high pressure waterjet in the center of crack rock test specimen 5 is 0-180 °
Crack 3, preferably inclination angle be 30 °；
Second step, test early-stage preparations:
6 inner face of metal joint is embedded in the crack 3 of the crack rock test specimen 5 of machined completion, and metal is connect
First 6 with 3 junction of crack and peripheral sealing, two sides are pasted above and below 3 direction of crack for being parallel to crack rock test specimen 5 later
Crack rock test specimen 5, is finally placed in test stand 1 by the foil gauge 4 of 10cm length, by the conducting wire of foil gauge 4 and strain case 10
Connection, while metal joint 6 being connected by connection hose 7 with Manual pressurization pump 9；
Third step, experimental stage:
Pressure head 2 is controlled by computer 11 first, a degree of axial compressive force is applied to crack rock test piece 5, by crack
5 position of rock test piece is fixed, and then applies water pressure to crack rock test piece 5 using Water hydraulic static pressure loading device, and by adding manually
Press pump 9 controls hydraulic pressure and maintains steady state value；Static load loading device is continued through later, and axial compressive force is applied to crack rock test piece 5,
Until crack rock test specimen 5 destroys；In loading procedure, the correlations such as pressure, deformation are recorded by synchronous data sampling system in real time
Test data.
The axial compressive force loaded before Water hydraulic static pressure loading is used to fix the position of crack rock test specimen 5, and value is less than described split
The elastic limit of gap rock test piece 5.
The above is only the principle of the present invention and preferred embodiment.It should be pointed out that for ordinary skill people
For member, on the basis of the principle of the invention, other several modifications can also be made, also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the test method of a kind of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: it uses a kind of static load and hydraulic pressure coupling
The cooperation experimental rig of broken rock, which includes static load loading device, data are same in Water hydraulic static pressure loading device and loading procedure
Step acquisition and storage display device；It is characterized by: the static load loading device includes test stand (1) and pressure head (2), crack rock
Body test specimen (5) is placed between the test stand (1) and the pressure head (2), and dead load is applied to by the pressure head (2)
The crack rock test specimen (5), the plane keeping parallelism between the pressure head (2) and the test stand (1)；The water
Pressure loading device includes metal joint (6), jointing, connection hose (7) and force (forcing) pump, the metal joint (6) it is interior
The crack (3) that end face is embedded in the crack rock test specimen (5) is internal, and the Single port of outer end face and the jointing is close
It is connected, the another port of the jointing is connected by connecting hose (7) with the outlet pipe of force (forcing) pump；The load
Synchronous data sampling and storage display device include: that the crack (3) is parallel on the crack rock test specimen (5) in journey
Direction is adhesive with foil gauge (4) two sides up and down, and the foil gauge (4) is connect by conducting wire with strain case (10), and described answers
Become case (10) access computer (11)；It is equipped with pressure gauge (8) on the connection hose (7), the letter of the pressure gauge (8)
It number is connected into analog-digital converter (13), the analog-digital converter (13) the access computer (11)；The pressure head (2) is logical
It crosses control route to be directly connected with the computer (11), controls the loading speed and size of the pressure head (2)；This method
Specific steps include:
One, test specimen is processed: sillar is cut into stonecutter the crack rock test specimen of size needed for testing in the lab
(5), crack (3) and in the crackle predeterminated position of crack rock test specimen (5) high pressure waterjet are formed；
Two, early-stage preparations are tested: metal joint (6) inner face is embedded in splitting for crack rock test specimen (5) of machined completion
In gap (3), and by metal joint (6) and crack (3) junction and peripheral sealing, it is being parallel to crack rock test specimen (5) later
Crack (3) direction up and down two sides paste foil gauge (4), finally crack rock test specimen (5) is placed on test stand (1), will be answered
Become piece (4) and connect with conducting wire with strain case (10), while metal joint (6) being connected by connection hose (7) with force (forcing) pump；
Three, experimental stage: crack rock test piece (5) are applied by computer (11) control pressure head (2) first a degree of
Axial compressive force；Then water pressure is applied to crack rock test piece (5) using Water hydraulic static pressure loading device, and hydraulic pressure is controlled by force (forcing) pump
Maintain steady state value；Static load loading device is continued through later, axial compressive force is applied to crack rock test piece (5), until crack rock
Test specimen (5) destroys；In loading procedure, pressure, deformation test number are recorded by synchronous data sampling and storage display device in real time
According to.
2. the test method of static load according to claim 1 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: described splits
Gap rock test piece (5) is cube shaped.
3. the test method of static load according to claim 1 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: described splits
The inclination angle in the crack (3) of gap rock test piece (5) is 0-1800。
4. the test method of static load according to claim 1 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: Water hydraulic static pressure loading
The axial compressive force of preceding load is used to the position of the fixed crack rock test specimen (5), and value is less than the crack rock and tries
The elastic limit of part (5).
5. the test method of static load according to claim 1 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: the pressure
Head (2) is plate pressure head (21) or shearing-type pressure head (22).
6. the test method of static load according to claim 1 or 2 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: described
Force (forcing) pump be Manual pressurization pump (9).
7. the test method of static load according to claim 1 or 2 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: described
Metal joint (6) upper section it is tiny, coincide with the jointing interface size, lower section outside dimension and the crack
Prefabricated crack (3) size matches in rock test piece (5).
8. the test method of static load according to claim 1 or 2 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: described
Metal joint (6) outer end face it is closely coupled by thread mode and the Single port of the jointing.
9. the test method of static load according to claim 1 or 2 and hydraulic pressure coupling broken rock, it is characterised in that: described
Force (forcing) pump application pressure be 1-5MPa.
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| CN106768838B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2023-07-28 | 中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司 | Device and method for tracking and observing movement of slurry-water phase interface under complex condition |
| CN107870120B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2021-04-06 | 太原理工大学 | A most advanced loading device for simulating tunnel country rock is under ore deposit pressure centralized status |
| CN108645708B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2020-06-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Water-force coupling loading device and loading method for three-dimensional fractured rock sample |
| CN109520842B (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2023-08-22 | 安徽理工大学 | Dynamic and static load and fracture pressure coupling fractured rock mechanical test device and method thereof |
| CN112033807A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-04 | 贵州大学 | Device for assisting in applying non-uniform pore pressure field in rock test piece and test method |
| CN112782000A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Testing device and method for high-pressure mine water-rock (coal) coupling effect |
| CN114002072B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-10-20 | 南华大学 | Fracture rock hydraulic coupling test device and method for applying constant fracture water pressure |
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