CN102726273A - Decision-making method for soil moisture monitoring and intelligent irrigation of root zone of crop - Google Patents

Decision-making method for soil moisture monitoring and intelligent irrigation of root zone of crop Download PDF

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CN102726273A
CN102726273A CN2012102027781A CN201210202778A CN102726273A CN 102726273 A CN102726273 A CN 102726273A CN 2012102027781 A CN2012102027781 A CN 2012102027781A CN 201210202778 A CN201210202778 A CN 201210202778A CN 102726273 A CN102726273 A CN 102726273A
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soil moisture
crop
soil
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root zone
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CN102726273B (en
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徐飞鹏
邱恒清
李云开
曾祥斐
贾瑞卿
罗昊
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First Fly (beijing) Agricultural Engineering Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a decision-making method for soil moisture monitoring and intelligent irrigation of the root zone of crop. The method comprises three steps of (1) acquiring soil moisture data by using soil moisture sensors based on the theory of time domain reflection or frequency domain reflection; (2) establishing a soil moisture mathematical model by adopting the numerical simulation method based on a dynamic data driving application system to correct the soil moisture value; and (3) comparing the soil moisture value, obtained by a hydrodynamic model, of the root zone of crop with the set irrigation threshold value of crop, and making the irrigation data decision. According to the method, simulated forecast on soil moisture is made by taking the dynamic data driving application system as a technological paradigm, various updated actually measured meteorological data as basis, and actually measured initial soil moisture and real-time surface soil moisture state, growing state of crop and the like as base; therefore, the dynamic property and the real-time property of the soil moisture forecast are improved, which has great significance for making a water plan.

Description

A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring soil moisture method, particularly a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique.
Background technology
The basis of water-saving irrigation is the crop water shortage diagnosis, has many-sided response when crop is suffered from drought, and can reflect that the index of crop water shortage is a lot, and tradition is the soil moisture index with index commonly used, so the mensuration of soil moisture is particularly important.The existing long developing history of the assay method of soil moisture has experienced from the oven dry of fetching earth being measured to the process that sensor in real time is gathered automatically.The fast measurement technique of present soil moisture is comparative maturity, can realize real-time automatic monitoring and data acquisition, but monitoring continuously, in real time of crop root zone soil moisture still do not have conveniently method.General chamber crop Root Distribution 0 to 100 centimetre of the degree of depth with interior soil layer in; But because sensor costs an arm and a leg, laying sensor at crop root zone can significantly increase cost, in present agricultural irrigation; The means of monitoring soil moisture are only laid sensor in the scope of 0 to 10 centimetre of upper soll layer; And be used to instruct irrigation decision, but really by crop utilization be the soil moisture in the crop root zone scope, only with the foundation of topsoil moisture as irrigation decision; Be not enough to reflect the crop water shortage situation, obviously reasonable inadequately.In order to obtain the soil water regime of crop root zone; Conventional method is to lay a plurality of sensors at the crop root zone soil profile; The data of utilizing a plurality of sensors to record are carried out irrigation decision, so not only destroy original soil body, increase irrigation cost, and the cost that sensor is set will significantly be increased; A plurality of sensors also can produce a large amount of redundant datas, have increased the difficulty of decision-making.For this reason, set up suitable crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and irrigation decision method and become the problem that present intelligent irrigation control system must solve.Wang Qiao etc. (patent No. CN102252973A) disclose a kind of soil moisture content remote-sensing monitoring method, the instantaneous value of monitoring soil moisture.Qin Qiming etc. (patent No. CN101614651A) disclose a kind of data assimilation method for monitoring soil moisture, utilize remotely-sensed data and data assimilation technology to realize large tracts of land soil moisture continuous monitoring on the spatial and temporal scales.The topsoil moisture of scholar by the remotely-sensed data inverting is arranged, obtain the deep soil water content, but be difficult to realize the real-time acquisition of deep layer water content according to the certain mathematical Model Calculation.Soil water analogy method also just a kind of " static state " simulation at present can not realize real-time, dynamic that soil moisture is simulated, also can't analog result be used for the intelligent irrigation system.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the real-time acquisition that can't realize the deep soil water content at present; Can not realize real-time, the dynamic analog of soil moisture; Can't " static state " analog result be used for the intelligent irrigation system and instruct the problem of irrigation decision; The present invention proposes a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, and the technical scheme that is adopted is:
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique comprise following 3 aspects:
(1) soil moisture data acquisition
Use soil moisture sensor to carry out the soil moisture data acquisition based on the principle of Time Domain Reflectometry or frequency domain reflection, soil moisture sensor is embedded in the scope in ground moistening zone, and soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil;
(2) soil moisture numerical value correction
Employing is based on the method for numerical simulation of dynamic data driven application system; Utilize the soil water regime of the crop root zone of monitoring top layer soil moisture acquisition in real time, set up the soil moisture mathematical model, the topsoil water content of continuous monitoring is through revising; Be used to instruct irrigation decision; The process of revising is that soil water kinetic model is the basis with the mechanism property model that soil moisture changes, and is the technological paradigm of soil moisture simulation with dynamic data driven application system, is aided with Crop Information and real-time meteorological information; Set up the dynamic simulator system between soil moisture simulation and the actual monitoring soil moisture; The analog result of dynamic simulator system is the crop root zone soil water content, the crop root zone soil water content is stored, shows, to instruct irrigation decision;
(3) irrigate decision data
The crop root zone soil water content that is obtained by Hydrodynamic Model and the crop irrigation threshold value of setting compare, and are lower than to irrigate under the threshold value to irrigate in limited time, reach to stop when irrigating upper threshold irrigating.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the mechanism property model that soil moisture changes are that the equation of soil water kinetic model is:
∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z - S r ( z , t ) , 0 ≤ z ≤ l r ( t ) ∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z , l r ( t ) ≤ z ≤ L - - - ( 1 )
In the formula, θ is a soil moisture content, and t is the time, and z is a vertical coordinate, and orientation is down for just, and D (θ) is the unsaturated soil diffusivity, and K (θ) is the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity, l r(t) be crop root length, S r(z t) is the crop root water absorption rate, promptly root system in the unit interval by the volume of the moisture that is absorbed in the unit volume soil; After given upper boundary conditions, downstream condition and primary condition; Obtain separating of following formula through numerical computations, the soil profile water content in the crop root scope is handled and obtained to promptly whole soil profile soil moisture content again; Be the crop root zone soil water content, the topsoil water content that upper boundary conditions is promptly monitored in real time;
D (θ), K soil water movement parameters selection empirical models such as (θ) confirm that the crop root water absorption rate is calculated as follows:
S r ( z , t ) = ( 1.8 lr ( t ) - 1.6 lr 2 ( t ) z ) E c ( t ) - - - ( 2 )
E wherein c(t) be the actual transpiration quantity of crop,
To find the solution all that territory Z=0 ~ L is discrete to turn to n unit, total n+1 node numbered i=0, and 1,2 ..., n, wherein i=0 and i=n are boundary node, all the other are interior node, are Δ z apart from step-length.Time step Δ t generally can be thought of as variable step, and the incipient stage is got smaller value, can progressively increase later on; Arbitrarily interior node is write out difference equation, after arrangement, gets three diagonal angle equation form:
Figure BDA00001773527000032
Find the solution following formula by chasing method.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; The upper boundary conditions of formula 1 is different in evaporation and irrigation process; When soil surface is in evaporating state; The coboundary is the third boundary condition of flexible amount, gets evaporation intensity poor for the reduction of actual measurement topsoil water content and the interior root water uptake total amount of ranges of sensors, ignores milliosmolarity under the topsoil moisture; During irrigation, upper boundary conditions is second type of boundary condition of known surface flux, and surface flux is relevant with the drip irrigation emitter flow; When evaporation and irrigation, lower boundary is all got the soil moisture content at finite depth place, and its principle is the moisture content no change in the above certain limit of lower boundary in whole computational processes, and promptly lower boundary is maintained initial value.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the constant term h of first equation in formula (3) equation group 1The difference with the difference of border condition; When upper boundary conditions was evaporation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = - E s k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 4 )
When upper boundary conditions was irrigation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = R t k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 5 )
In the formula, Es is an evaporation intensity, and Rt is an irrigation intensity, and S is the root water uptake item; Known boundary condition and primary condition are found the solution following formula by chasing method, obtain the crop root zone soil water content.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; Crop Information comprises the potential transpiration quantity of crop, the actual transpiration quantity of crop, crop root length and root water uptake speed; The potential transpiration quantity of crop adopts real-time meteorological information to use the Peng Manmengtesi formula and calculates acquisition, and the actual transpiration quantity of crop adopts the potential transpiration quantity of crop, crop coefficient and soil moisture correction factor to obtain through calculating.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, meteorological information comprises temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation activity in real time.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the empirical model of confirming the soil water movement parameter is the V-G model.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, topsoil are the soil within 10 centimetres of the ground surfaces.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, irrigation method are drip irrigation, and soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil in 0 to 10 centimetre of the lateral separation drip irrigation emitter.
Adopt a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture of the present invention and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the technique effect that can obtain is:
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique comprise following 3 aspects:
(1) soil moisture data acquisition
Use soil moisture sensor to carry out the soil moisture data acquisition based on the principle of Time Domain Reflectometry or frequency domain reflection, soil moisture sensor is embedded in the scope in ground moistening zone, and soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil;
(2) soil moisture numerical value correction
Employing is based on the method for numerical simulation of dynamic data driven application system; Utilize the soil water regime of the topsoil moisture acquisition crop root zone of monitoring in real time, set up the soil moisture mathematical model, the topsoil water content of continuous monitoring is through revising; Be used to instruct irrigation decision; The process of revising is that soil water kinetic model is the basis with the mechanism property model that soil moisture changes, and is the technological paradigm of soil moisture simulation with dynamic data driven application system, is aided with Crop Information and real-time meteorological information; Set up the dynamic simulator system between soil moisture simulation and the actual monitoring soil moisture; The analog result of dynamic simulator system is the crop root zone soil water content, the crop root zone soil water content is stored, shows, to instruct irrigation decision;
(3) irrigate decision data
The crop root zone soil water content that is obtained by Hydrodynamic Model and the crop irrigation threshold value of setting compare, and are lower than to irrigate under the threshold value to irrigate in limited time, reach to stop when irrigating upper threshold irrigating.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the mechanism property model that soil moisture changes are that the equation of soil water kinetic model is:
∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z - S r ( z , t ) , 0 ≤ z ≤ l r ( t ) ∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z , l r ( t ) ≤ z ≤ L - - - ( 1 )
In the formula, θ is a soil moisture content, and t is the time, and z is a vertical coordinate, and orientation is down for just, and D (θ) is the unsaturated soil diffusivity, and K (θ) is the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity, l r(t) be crop root length, S r(z t) is the crop root water absorption rate, promptly root system in the unit interval by the volume of the moisture that is absorbed in the unit volume soil; After given upper boundary conditions, downstream condition and primary condition; Obtain separating of following formula through numerical computations, the soil profile water content in the crop root scope is handled and obtained to promptly whole soil profile soil moisture content again; Be the crop root zone soil water content, the topsoil water content that upper boundary conditions is promptly monitored in real time;
D (θ), K soil water movement parameters selection empirical models such as (θ) confirm that the crop root water absorption rate is calculated as follows:
S r ( z , t ) = ( 1.8 lr ( t ) - 1.6 lr 2 ( t ) z ) E c ( t ) - - - ( 2 )
E wherein c(t) be the actual transpiration quantity of crop,
To find the solution all that territory Z=0 ~ L is discrete to turn to n unit, total n+1 node numbered i=0, and 1,2 ..., n, wherein i=0 and i=n are boundary node, all the other are interior node, are Δ z apart from step-length.Time step Δ t generally can be thought of as variable step, and the incipient stage is got smaller value, can progressively increase later on; Arbitrarily interior node is write out difference equation, after arrangement, gets three diagonal angle equation form:
Figure BDA00001773527000061
Find the solution following formula by chasing method.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; The upper boundary conditions of formula 1 is different in evaporation and irrigation process; When soil surface is in evaporating state; The coboundary is the third boundary condition of flexible amount, gets evaporation intensity poor for the reduction of actual measurement topsoil water content and the interior root water uptake total amount of ranges of sensors, ignores milliosmolarity under the topsoil moisture; During irrigation, upper boundary conditions is second type of boundary condition of known surface flux, and surface flux is relevant with the drip irrigation emitter flow.When evaporation and irrigation, lower boundary is all got the soil moisture content at finite depth place, and its principle is the moisture content no change in the above certain limit of lower boundary in whole computational processes, and promptly lower boundary is maintained initial value.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the constant term h of first equation in formula (3) equation group 1The difference with the difference of border condition; When upper boundary conditions was evaporation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = - E s k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 4 )
When upper boundary conditions was irrigation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = R t k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 5 )
In the formula, Es is an evaporation intensity, and Rt is an irrigation intensity, and S is the root water uptake item; Known boundary condition and primary condition are found the solution following formula by chasing method, obtain the crop root zone soil water content.
The invention provides the method that a kind of crop root zone soil moisture real-time continuous obtains, solve the unreasonable problem and the soil profile that use the topsoil water content directly to be used for irrigation decision and bury the high problem of a plurality of sensor costs underground.The present invention combines the soil water movement numerical simulation with monitoring soil moisture; According to statistics and analysis to the top layer soil moisture content; Draw the distribution and the Changing Pattern of crop root zone soil moisture content, the soil water movement numerical simulation is used for crop root zone soil moisture calculates, the static schema of the soil moisture that breaks traditions simulation; In practice,, for complex system simulation research new thinking and technological paradigm is provided in theory for Irrigation Forecast, agriculture water management etc. provide decision support.The present invention adopts soil water kinetic model to the makeover process of irrigation decision data; In the model there be than clear physical meaning each measurer; Has solid physical background; Can draw the soil moisture information of spatial variations in time, have certain precision when being used on the less spatial and temporal scales and guarantee.The present invention is a technological paradigm with dynamic data driven application system; The brand new technical frame system of soil moisture simulation has been proposed; Different with analog form in the past just be that it is is foundation with various up-to-date actual measurement meteorological datas; Be the basis to survey initial soil moisture with real-time top layer soil water regime, crop growth conditions etc., soil moisture is made the simulation forecast, can reflect current actual conditions more really.Utilize the present invention to realize the real-time prediction of crop root zone water content, automaticity is high, practices thrift the sensor consumption; Can reduce cost to a great extent; Improve irrigation management efficient, improve dynamic, the real-time of soil moisture forecast, significant to formulating the water plan.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; Crop Information comprises the potential transpiration quantity of crop, the actual transpiration quantity of crop, crop root length and root water uptake speed; The potential transpiration quantity of crop adopts real-time meteorological information to use the Peng Manmengtesi formula and calculates acquisition, and the actual transpiration quantity of crop adopts the potential transpiration quantity of crop, crop coefficient and soil moisture correction factor to obtain through calculating.Can each item numerical value of Crop Information be quantized, improve the accuracy and the validity of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, meteorological information comprises temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation activity in real time.Of the influence of the real-time meteorological information of each item be can calculate and assess comprehensively, exactly, the accuracy and the validity of the decision-making of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation further improved crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the empirical model of confirming the soil water movement parameter is the V-G model, can obtain the soil water movement parameter quickly and easily, improves the efficient of monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, topsoil are the soil within 10 centimetres of the ground surfaces.Can simplify the work that is provided with of soil sensor, reduce cost, raise the efficiency.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, irrigation method are drip irrigation, and soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil in 0 to 10 centimetre of the lateral separation drip irrigation emitter.Can improve the reaction velocity of the change of soil water content that sensor causes irrigation, improve the precision of moisture monitoring.
Use a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture of the present invention and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; Automaticity is high; Cost is low, can realize the real-time prediction of crop root zone water content, improves irrigation management efficient; Improve dynamic, the real-time of soil moisture forecast, significant to formulating the water plan with raising irrigation decision level.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an irrigation decision data correction principle schematic.
Fig. 2 is a crop root zone soil moisture content forecasting procedure schematic flow sheet.
Fig. 3 is a condition of drip irrigation lower sensor burial place sketch map.
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet that chasing method is solved an equation.
Fig. 5 is that crop is the hardware composition sketch map of the application example of tomato.
Fig. 6 is that crop is the soil moisture fixed software interface sketch map of the application example of tomato.
Embodiment
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture of the present invention and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique comprise following 3 aspects:
(1) soil moisture data acquisition
Use soil moisture sensor to carry out the soil moisture data acquisition based on the principle of Time Domain Reflectometry or frequency domain reflection, soil moisture sensor is embedded in the scope in ground moistening zone, and soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil;
(2) soil moisture numerical value correction
Employing is based on the method for numerical simulation of dynamic data driven application system; Utilize the soil water regime of the crop root zone of monitoring top layer soil moisture acquisition in real time; Set up the soil moisture mathematical model, the topsoil water content of continuous monitoring is used to instruct irrigation decision through revising; The process of revising is that soil water kinetic model is the basis with the mechanism property model that soil moisture changes; With dynamic data driven application system is the technological paradigm of soil moisture simulation, is aided with Crop Information and real-time meteorological information, sets up the dynamic simulator system between soil moisture simulation and the actual monitoring soil moisture; The analog result of dynamic simulator system is the crop root zone soil water content; The crop root zone soil water content is stored, shows to instruct irrigation decision, the mechanism property model that soil moisture changes is that the equation of soil water kinetic model is:
∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z - S r ( z , t ) , 0 ≤ z ≤ l r ( t ) ∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z , l r ( t ) ≤ z ≤ L - - - ( 1 )
In the formula, θ is a soil moisture content, and t is the time, and z is a vertical coordinate, and orientation is down for just, and D (θ) is the unsaturated soil diffusivity, and K (θ) is the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity, l r(t) be crop root length, S r(z t) is the crop root water absorption rate, promptly root system in the unit interval by the volume of the moisture that is absorbed in the unit volume soil.After given upper boundary conditions, downstream condition and primary condition; Obtain separating of following formula through numerical computations; It is whole soil profile soil moisture content; Handle and obtain the soil profile water content in the crop root scope again, i.e. crop root zone soil water content, upper boundary conditions i.e. the topsoil water content of monitoring in real time.
Upper boundary conditions is different in evaporation and irrigation process; When soil surface is in evaporating state; The coboundary is the third boundary condition of flexible amount; Get evaporation intensity poor for the reduction of actual measurement topsoil water content and the interior root water uptake total amount of ranges of sensors, ignore milliosmolarity under the topsoil moisture.During irrigation, upper boundary conditions is second type of boundary condition of known surface flux, and surface flux is relevant with the drip irrigation emitter flow.When evaporation and irrigation, lower boundary is all got the soil moisture content at finite depth place, and its principle is the moisture content no change in the above certain limit of lower boundary in whole computational processes, and promptly lower boundary is maintained initial value.
D (θ), K soil water movement parameters selection empirical models such as (θ) confirm that the crop root water absorption rate is calculated as follows:
S r ( z , t ) = ( 1.8 lr ( t ) - 1.6 lr 2 ( t ) z ) E c ( t ) - - - ( 2 )
E wherein c(t) be the actual transpiration quantity of crop,
To find the solution all that territory Z=0 ~ L is discrete to turn to n unit, total n+1 node numbered i=0, and 1,2 ..., n, wherein i=0 and i=n are boundary node, all the other are interior node, are Δ z apart from step-length.Time step Δ t generally can be thought of as variable step, and the incipient stage is got smaller value, can progressively increase later on.Arbitrarily interior node is write out difference equation, after arrangement, gets three diagonal angle equation form:
Figure BDA00001773527000092
Find the solution following formula by chasing method,
The constant term h of first equation in the above-listed equation group 1The difference with the difference of border condition.When upper boundary conditions was evaporation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = - E s k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 4 )
When upper boundary conditions was irrigation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = R t k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 5 )
In the formula, Es is an evaporation intensity, and Rt is an irrigation intensity, and S is the root water uptake item.Known boundary condition and primary condition are found the solution following formula by chasing method, obtain the crop root zone soil water content; Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet that chasing method is solved an equation.Fig. 1 is an irrigation decision data correction principle schematic.Fig. 2 is a crop root zone soil moisture content forecasting procedure schematic flow sheet.
(3) irrigate decision data
The crop root zone soil water content that is obtained by Hydrodynamic Model and the crop irrigation threshold value of setting compare, and are lower than to irrigate under the threshold value to irrigate in limited time, reach to stop when irrigating upper threshold irrigating.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; Crop Information comprises the potential transpiration quantity of crop, the actual transpiration quantity of crop, crop root length and root water uptake speed; The potential transpiration quantity of crop adopts real-time meteorological information to use the Peng Manmengtesi formula and calculates acquisition, and the actual transpiration quantity of crop adopts the potential transpiration quantity of crop, crop coefficient and soil moisture correction factor to obtain through calculating.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, meteorological information comprises temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation activity in real time.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the empirical model of confirming the soil water movement parameter is the V-G model.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, topsoil are the soil within 10 centimetres of the ground surfaces.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, irrigation method are drip irrigation, and soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil in 0 to 10 centimetre of the lateral separation drip irrigation emitter.
Usually chamber crop drip irrigation emitter flow is generally at 1 to 2 liter/hour, and Fig. 3 is a condition of drip irrigation lower sensor burial place sketch map, has shown among the figure that the drip irrigation emitter flow is 1 liter/hour, and the drip irrigation time is 7 hours wetting body scope sketch map.According to correlation test research, sensor preferably is laid in the topsoil in 0 to 10 centimetre of the lateral separation drip irrigation emitter, and the origin of coordinates is for placing the drip irrigation emitter position among the figure, and the zone of tinting among the figure is the sensor zone that suits to bury underground.
Realize the system of a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; System comprises soil moisture sensor, meteorological sensor, standard input module, controller module, calculator, visualization window and user's connecting interface; Be electrically connected between soil moisture sensor, meteorological sensor, standard input module, controller module, calculator, visualization window and the user's connecting interface, the output interface of user's connecting interface and external equipment is suitable.Calculator can be a microcomputer.
Realize the system of a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the electrical connection between soil moisture sensor, meteorological sensor, standard input module, controller module, calculator, visualization window and the user's connecting interface partly or entirely be that the RS485 bus is electrically connected.
Realize the system of a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, the standard input module is provided with A/D converter, the computer installation database.
Realize the system of a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique, meteorological sensor comprises temperature sensor, humidity sensor, air velocity transducer and radiation sensor.
Realize the system of a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; The flow process of system works is: calculator is through the gentle image information of polling mode collection soil moisture data; Soil moisture sensor topsoil moisture continuous, that measure in real time, and meteorological sensor is continuous, the meteorological information of real-time temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation of measuring, and carries out the A/D conversion through the standard input module; And be sent to controller via the standard input module; Deposit Computer Database in by controller again, calculator reads the gentle image information of topsoil moisture data of required period from database, is used to carry out numerical computations; Obtain the crop root zone soil water content; Obtain the soil moisture simulation and forecast then, the new thereafter topsoil moisture data input calculator of measuring carries out numerical computations, obtains the soil moisture simulation and forecast of next round; Constitute real-time synchronous simulation corresponding relation between soil moisture simulation and forecast and the actual soil moisture numerical value, obtain the crop root zone soil water content.
Realize the system of a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; System is electrically connected with drip irrigation appliance; Utilize the result of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making, the operation of control drip irrigation appliance realizes the automatic control of drip irrigation process.
When crop species is a tomato when being tomato, the implementation process of a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture of the present invention and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is following:
It is supporting at first to carry out hardware: be made up of soil moisture sensor, meteorological sensor, standard input module, controller module and calculator.Fig. 5 is that crop is the hardware composition sketch map of the application example of tomato.
(1) soil moisture, meteorological information collection
Soil moisture sensor is measured the top layer soil water content continuously, in real time; Information such as the real-time Measurement of Air temperature of meteorological sensor, humidity, wind speed, radiation; And in time deposit data in Computer Database through standard input module and controller; Calculator reads the gentle image information of topsoil moisture data of required period through software interface from database, is used to carry out numerical computations.
Wherein, standard input module collection soil moisture standards input signal, and this type of signal of telecommunication changed, through the A/D conversion analog signal is changed into data signal, be sent to controller through the RS485 bus.The data signal that controller acceptance criteria input module transmits, and be connected with calculator through the RS485 bus, calculator passes through the gentle image information of polling mode collection soil moisture data.
(2) soil moisture correction
Data such as the corresponding period air themperature that is obtained by software read sensor actual measurement, humidity, wind speed, radiation with the potential transpiration quantity of Peng Manmengtesi formula calculating crop, multiply by crop coefficient of tomato and the actual transpiration quantity E that the soil moisture correction factor obtains tomato c(t), again by the tomato root length of corresponding breeding time, calculate root water uptake speed according to formula (2).The soil water movement parameter is according to the soil texture, by the V-G Model Calculation.Import the water content of surveying several points on the soil profile by the user, software systems are calculated other node moisture values through linear interpolation method, just obtain the initial water content of all nodes on the soil profile.Upper boundary conditions records the topsoil moisture value by sensor in real time and calculates, and downstream condition is the initial value that remains unchanged.To sum up, can find the solution three pairs of angle equations of soil moisture through chasing method, obtain the crop root zone soil water content by actual measurement meteorological data, topsoil moisture value, Crop Information, primary condition, boundary condition.After mathematical model has received the gentle image information data of topsoil moisture data of new mensuration, carry out the soil moisture numerical simulation calculation of next round,, obtain the real time data of crop root zone soil moisture content along with the renewal of the gentle image data of topsoil moisture data.Fig. 6 is that crop is the soil moisture fixed software interface sketch map of the application example of tomato.
(3) irrigation decision
The tomato root district soil water content and the tomato irrigation threshold value that obtain according to simulation compare, and are lower than to irrigate down and irrigate in limited time, reach to stop in limited time in the irrigation irrigating.
A kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture of the present invention and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique and system; Be not restricted to the described embodiments; Every principle of the present invention, method or form utilized passed through conversion, replacement or made up formed technical scheme, all in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. crop root zone monitoring soil moisture and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is characterized in that comprising following 3 aspects:
(1) soil moisture data acquisition
Use soil moisture sensor to carry out the soil moisture data acquisition based on the principle of Time Domain Reflectometry or frequency domain reflection, soil moisture sensor is embedded in the scope in ground moistening zone, and said soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil;
(2) soil moisture numerical value correction
Employing is based on the method for numerical simulation of dynamic data driven application system; Utilize the soil water regime of the crop root zone of monitoring top layer soil moisture acquisition in real time, set up the soil moisture mathematical model, the topsoil water content of continuous monitoring is through revising; Be used to instruct irrigation decision; The process of revising is that soil water kinetic model is the basis with the mechanism property model that soil moisture changes, and is the technological paradigm of soil moisture simulation with dynamic data driven application system, is aided with Crop Information and real-time meteorological information; Set up the dynamic simulator system between soil moisture simulation and the actual monitoring soil moisture; The analog result of said dynamic simulator system is the crop root zone soil water content, the crop root zone soil water content is stored, shows, to instruct irrigation decision;
(3) irrigate decision data
The crop root zone soil water content that is obtained by said Hydrodynamic Model and the crop irrigation threshold value of setting compare, and are lower than to irrigate under the threshold value to irrigate in limited time, reach to stop when irrigating upper threshold irrigating.
2. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 1 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is characterized in that: the mechanism property model that described soil moisture changes is that the equation of soil water kinetic model is:
∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z - S r ( z , t ) , 0 ≤ z ≤ l r ( t ) ∂ θ ∂ t = ∂ ∂ z [ D ( θ ) ∂ θ ∂ z ] - ∂ K ( θ ) ∂ z , l r ( t ) ≤ z ≤ L - - - ( 1 )
In the formula, θ is a soil moisture content, and t is the time, and z is a vertical coordinate, and orientation is down for just, and D (θ) is the unsaturated soil diffusivity, and K (θ) is the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity, l r(t) be crop root length, S r(z t) is the crop root water absorption rate, promptly root system in the unit interval by the volume of the moisture that is absorbed in the unit volume soil; After given upper boundary conditions, downstream condition and primary condition; Obtain separating of following formula through numerical computations, the soil profile water content in the crop root scope is handled and obtained to promptly whole soil profile water content again; Be the crop root zone soil water content, said upper boundary conditions is tried to achieve by the topsoil water content of real-time monitoring; D (θ), K soil water movement parameters selection empirical models such as (θ) confirm that the crop root rate of water absorption is calculated as follows:
S r ( z , t ) = ( 1.8 lr ( t ) - 1.6 lr 2 ( t ) z ) E c ( t ) - - - ( 2 )
E wherein c(t) be the actual transpiration quantity of crop,
To find the solution all that territory Z=0 ~ L is discrete to turn to n unit, total n+1 node numbered i=0, and 1,2 ..., n, wherein i=0 and i=n are boundary node, all the other are interior node, are Δ z apart from step-length.Time step Δ t generally can be thought of as variable step, and the incipient stage is got smaller value, can progressively increase later on; Arbitrarily interior node is write out difference equation, after arrangement, gets three diagonal angle equation form:
Figure FDA00001773526900022
Find the solution following formula by chasing method.
3. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 2 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; It is characterized in that: the upper boundary conditions of said formula 1 is different in evaporation and irrigation process; When soil surface is in evaporating state; The coboundary is the third boundary condition of flexible amount, gets evaporation intensity poor for the reduction of actual measurement topsoil water content and the interior root water uptake total amount of ranges of sensors, ignores milliosmolarity under the topsoil moisture; During irrigation, upper boundary conditions is second type of boundary condition of known surface flux, and surface flux is relevant with the water dropper flow.When evaporation and irrigation, lower boundary is all got the soil moisture content at finite depth place, and its principle is the moisture content no change in the above certain limit of lower boundary in whole computational processes, and promptly lower boundary is maintained initial value.
4. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 2 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is characterized in that: the constant term h of first equation in said formula (3) equation group 1The difference with the difference of border condition; When upper boundary conditions was evaporation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = - E s k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 4 )
When upper boundary conditions was irrigation, the constant term of first equation was following:
h 1 = R t k + 1 2 - K ( θ 0 ) k + 1 - S 1 k + 1 2 - - - ( 5 )
In the formula, Es is an evaporation intensity, and Rt is an irrigation intensity, and S is the root water uptake item; Known boundary condition and primary condition are found the solution following formula by chasing method, obtain the crop root zone soil water content.
5. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 1 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique; It is characterized in that: said Crop Information comprises the potential transpiration quantity of crop, the actual transpiration quantity of crop, crop root length and root water uptake speed; The potential transpiration quantity of said crop adopts real-time meteorological information to use the Peng Manmengtesi formula and calculates acquisition, and the actual transpiration quantity of said crop adopts the potential transpiration quantity of crop, crop coefficient and soil moisture correction factor to obtain through calculating.
6. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 1 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is characterized in that: said real-time meteorological information comprises temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation activity.
7. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 1 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is characterized in that: the empirical model of confirming the soil water movement parameter is the V-G model.
8. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 1 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is characterized in that: said topsoil is the soil within 10 centimetres of the ground surfaces.
9. a kind of crop root zone monitoring soil moisture according to claim 1 and intelligent irrigation decision-making technique is characterized in that: irrigation method is a drip irrigation, and said soil moisture sensor is laid in the topsoil in 0 to 10 centimetre of the lateral separation drip irrigation emitter.
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