CN102160520A - Crop evapotranspiration model-based intelligent drop irrigation control system and method thereof - Google Patents
Crop evapotranspiration model-based intelligent drop irrigation control system and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102160520A CN102160520A CN201010602193XA CN201010602193A CN102160520A CN 102160520 A CN102160520 A CN 102160520A CN 201010602193X A CN201010602193X A CN 201010602193XA CN 201010602193 A CN201010602193 A CN 201010602193A CN 102160520 A CN102160520 A CN 102160520A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention relates to a crop evapotranspiration model-based intelligent drop irrigation control system and a method thereof. The drop irrigation system is arranged in a greenhouse and is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, multiple A/D conversion modules connected with the data acquisition module, a controller (3), a D/A conversion module, a driving circuit and an execution mechanism, wherein the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a corresponding input signal, the signal output terminal of the data acquisition module is connected with the signal input terminal of a corresponding A/D conversion module, the signal output terminal of the A/D conversion module is connected with the signal input terminal of the controller (3), the controller (3) controls an output driving circuit connected with the controller, and the execution mechanism is operated by virtue of the driving circuit to realize irrigation. In the invention, the evapotranspiration is calculated and is indirectly taken as irrigation volume to carry out irrigation on a crop, and moisture required by the crop is supplemented more accurately; and the structure is simple, and the cost is low, thus the system and the method provided by the invention have high promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to its irrigation method of a kind of crop irrigation system, relate in particular to and a kind ofly calculate the intelligent drip irrigation control system and the method thereof of crop irrigation amount, belong to field of agricultural science and technology by crop evapotranspiration model.
Background technology
In the existing drip irrigation control system, the quantitative target that is used for irrigation decision has main 3 kinds: 1. determine the irrigation time and the water yield according to the agricultural land soil water regime, the factor of consideration comprises Different Crop adequate moisture bound, soil water amount equation of equilibrium and parameter selection etc.This method is comparatively accurate, but this method is subjected to the restriction of equipment and labour and funds; 2. according to crop the physiological reaction information of water deficit is determined whether that needs irrigate, index comprises the variation, the cauline leaf flow of water of the relative environmental temperature of crop canopies temperature etc., and this method can only be carried out one from crop surface and be judged qualitatively; 3. determine the time and the water requirements of crops of irrigating according to the variation of the subenvironment meteorologic factor of plant growth, determine that by meteorologic factor the evaporation and transpiration amount of crop is carried out irrigation decision.This method is calculated the evapotranspiration of crops according to the weather observation data and the plant growth situation of each department reality, carries out the field irrigation management and has realistic meaning.
The water demand of crop (Crop water requirement) means that crop under suitable soil moisture and fertility level, grows through normal growth, the plant transpiration when obtaining high yield, between evaporation and the water yield sum that constitutes the plant body.Think in the Practical Calculation that the water demand of crop quantitatively just equals the plant transpiration rate (Transpiration) and ground evaporation between plants (Evaporation) sum under the high yield level conditions.Plant transpiration rate and ground evaporation between plants sum are called tatol evapotranspiration (Evapotranspiration), are also referred to as evapotranspiration.The mensuration of evapotranspiration can be divided into direct mensuration and indirect determination method, generally includes vortex correlation method and large-scale lysimeter etc.The vortex correlation method is a kind of direct determination techniques, thus can not explain the physical process and the influence mechanism of tatol evapotranspiration, and also instrument is made complicated, expensive, difficult in maintenance, the technical sophistication of cost.In addition, also can limit its application greatly because of ultrasonic oscillometer probe and support thereof cause serious observation error to the disturbance of air-flow.Therefore the vortex correlation method can't be as the conventional computational methods of tatol evapotranspiration.Lysimeter is meant the container that soil and vegetation are housed, by lysimeter is embedded in the soil of nature, and its soil moisture is regulated and control, can be simulated actual evapotranspiration process effectively, by weighing, just can obtain tatol evapotranspiration again to lysimeter.It is to be used for measuring the circulate specialized equipment of each main component of the farmland hydrology according to principle of water balance design a kind of.But its cost height, dress soil difficulty needs regularly careful the maintenance.
In general in China, though multiple irrigation controller is arranged, but most scales are less, be confined to test and theoretical discussion, and the valuable product that develops, although the peasant knows that energy is energy-conservation, economizes on water, increases production, because one-time investment is too big, most peasants hold and dare not accept, at all can't popularization and application.So developing an irrigation rig that is with strong practicality is very important.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the existing small scale of existing irrigation controller, be confined to test and theoretical discussion, and the valuable product that develops, one-time investment is too big, most peasants hold the problem of daring not accept, a kind of intelligent drip irrigation control system and method thereof based on crop evapotranspiration model proposed, to reduce the waste of water resource.For substituting expensive soil moisture sensor, this drip irrigation system is calculated the irrigation volume of crop in conjunction with irrigation volume control model by temperature, humidity and light radiation sensor.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model, this drip irrigation system is positioned at the greenhouse, it comprises data acquisition module, the a plurality of A/D modular converters that link to each other with data acquisition module, controller, the D/A modular converter, drive circuit and executing agency, described data acquisition module is used to gather respective input signals, the signal output part of data acquisition module links to each other with the signal input part of corresponding A/D modular converter, the signal output part of A/D modular converter links to each other with the signal input part of controller, the output driving circuit that controller control is coupled, executing agency irrigates by the drive circuit operation.
Executing agency of the present invention comprises water pumper, magnetic valve, water pump and a plurality of water dropper, described water pumper draws water by water pump, the delivery port of water pump flows into corresponding dropper band by a plurality of droping irrigating pipes, a plurality of water droppers with the crop corresponding number all are housed on each dropper pipeline, magnetic valve is installed in the delivery port of water pump, and the switching of magnetic valve is controlled by controller.
Be provided with y-type filter between water pumper of the present invention and the water pump, be provided with flowmeter in water pump and the pipeline that magnetic valve is communicated with, be equipped with a field control valve on the dropper pipeline of each dropper band.
Data acquisition module of the present invention comprises two humidity sensors of the two temperatures sensor of the canopy that is used to gather crop and greenhouse top layer temperature signal, the canopy that is used to gather crop and greenhouse top layer moisture signal and is used to gather drip irrigation system optical signal light radiation sensor; Each sensor converts temperature, humidity and the optical radiation signal of measurand to voltage signal respectively, and each voltage signal is sent in the controller after being converted to data signal by each self-corresponding A/D modular converter.
Each module of the intelligent drip irrigation control system of the present invention is powered by solar panel, this system also comprises the LCD display that links to each other with controller, described controller communicates by universal serial bus and host computer, and the data that collect are preserved analyzing and processing.
A kind of intelligent drip irrigation control method based on crop evapotranspiration model, it may further comprise the steps:
At first, temperature t, humidity U and the optical radiation signal Rn of data collecting module collected crop, send in the controller through behind corresponding a plurality of A/D modular converters; Secondly, controller calculates the irrigation volume of individual plant crop, the water dropper that multiply by with the crop corresponding number obtains total irrigation volume, according to going out the time that water flow velocity draws irrigation of water pump; At last, controller is irrigated by drive circuit operation executing agency.
The irrigation volume of individual plant crop of the present invention is that crop moisture rising and that soil scatters and disappears calculates according to formula I:
Formula I:
Wherein, ET is an evapotranspiration, mm/d; Rn is a net radiation flux, W/m
2G is a soil heat flux, W/m
2λ is the latent heat of vaporization of water, 2.45MJ/kg.
Ripple ratio β of the present invention calculates according to formula II:
Formula II:
Wherein be γ psychrometer constant, 0.0646kPa/ ℃; Δ t and Δ e
aBe respectively the canopy of crop, the temperature difference and the steam pressure reduction of two height of greenhouse top layer.
Wherein: vapour pressure e
aCalculate according to formula III according to the Magnus semiempirical formula:
Formula III: e
s=6.1exp (17.27t/ (237.3+t))
e
a＝Ue
s
Ve
a＝e
a1-e
a2＝U
1e
s1-U
2e
s2
U wherein
1, U
2Be respectively the humidity of canopy and the greenhouse top layer of crop, %; e
A1, e
A2The canopy and the greenhouse top layer actual vapor that are respectively crop are pressed kPa; e
S1, e
S2Be respectively canopy or the greenhouse top layer saturation vapour pressure of crop, kPa; T is the canopy of crop or the temperature of greenhouse top layer, ℃.
Soil heat flux G of the present invention calculates according to formula IV:
Formula IV: daytime: G=0.1R
n
Night: G=0.5R
n
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention takes supply formula control method of irrigation, be that how much water scarce how much water of crop just mends, this irrigation volume is light radiation, temperature, the humidity value according to storage, utilize evapotranspiration irrigation control model to calculate, replaced traditional soil moisture sensor and detected this method of soil moisture.
The present invention has adopted ripple ratio-energy budget method as the method for calculating the crop evapotranspiration, make a kind of crop evapotranspiration and irrigated model, utilize sensor to detect, calculate Rn, behind Δ T and the Δ e, just can calculate crop reference crop evapotranspiration amount (ET
0), and then design control procedure carries out automatic irrigation.Ripple ratio-the energy budget method element is clear and definite with physical concept, computational methods are simple and be celebrated, and requires and limit atmosphere is not special.
The present invention has utilized clean energy resource solar powered, has improved economy and the feasibility of not having the crop irrigation of electricity, water-deficient area greatly.
Utilize the present invention in experimentation, to measure the irrigation volume that concrete temperature, humidity and light radiation value calculate crop, also all data that collect of record preservation are consulted for the user, to offer best irrigation volume and the corresponding environmental parameter scope thereof that the user finds out various crops.
The utilization of science of the present invention ripple ratio-energy budget method calculate the crop evapotranspiration as irrigating model, carry out drip irrigation as irrigation volume to crop indirectly, replenish crop institute lack of water branch comparatively accurately.The present invention only need use temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light radiation sensor and measure temperature T, humidity U, light radiation value Rn, these several sensors are comparatively cheap with respect to the soil moisture sensor price, be more suitable for being widely used in to have very high promotional value in the actual production.
The ripple ratio energy budget method that the present invention uses is to use to estimate farmland evapotranspiration method more widely, advantage is that required actual measurement parameter is few, computational methods are simple, do not need the data of relevant evapotranspiration face air dynamic behaviour aspect, and can estimate large tracts of land (about 1000m2) and hour between the latent heat flux of yardstick (not enough lmin).If observational data is accurate, then precision is higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a theory diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the intelligent drip irrigation control method of the present invention.
Wherein: 1, solar panel; 2, battery; 3, controller; 4, LCD display;
5, water pumper; 6, water source; 7, y-type filter; 8, pump motor;
9, flowmeter; 10, magnetic valve; 11, host computer; 12, universal serial bus;
13, field control valve; 14, droping irrigating pipe; 15, light radiation sensor;
16, temperature sensor; 17, humidity sensor; 18, water dropper.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model, this drip irrigation system is positioned at the greenhouse, it comprises data acquisition module, the a plurality of A/D modular converters (model can be ADC0809) that link to each other with data acquisition module, controller 3 (model can be STC89C52), the D/A modular converter, drive circuit and executing agency, described data acquisition module is used to gather respective input signals, the signal output part of data acquisition module links to each other with the signal input part of corresponding A/D modular converter, the signal output part of A/D modular converter links to each other with the signal input part of controller 3, the coupled output driving circuit of controller 3 controls, executing agency irrigates by the drive circuit operation.
Temperature sensor 16, humidity sensor 17, light radiation sensor 15 (model can be (YS-JH-1)) are sent into the temperature, humidity, the optical radiation signal that collect in the controller 3 among the figure after A/D converter is converted to data signal; Wherein: temperature sensor 16 and humidity sensor 17 can adopt the sensors A M2301 of temp. and humidity unification.Signal after the conversion is handled by controller after inputing to controller 3, and write-in program shows temperature, humidity, light radiation value in real time by LCD display 4.Simultaneously, the value of the irrigation volume that controller 3 calculates according to the irrigation volume control module, the control drive circuit is switched on or switched off, thus the switch that drives magnetic valve 10 irrigate, whole lower computer system is powered by solar panel 1.Microprocessor is preserved analyzing and processing etc. by 12 whiles and host computer 11 communications of universal serial bus with the data that collect.
As shown in Figure 3, irrigation volume control model has adopted ripple ratio-energy budget method as the method for calculating the crop evapotranspiration, at first calculates vapour pressure Ve according to the Magnus semiempirical formula according to formula III
a:
Formula III: e
s=6.1exp (17.27t/ (237.3+t))
e
a＝Ue
s
Ve
a＝e
a1-e
a2＝U
1e
s1-U
2e
s2
Wherein U1, U2 are respectively the humidity of canopy and the greenhouse top layer of crop, %; e
A1, e
A2The canopy and the greenhouse top layer actual vapor that are respectively crop are pressed kPa; e
S1, e
S2Be respectively canopy or the greenhouse top layer saturation vapour pressure of crop, kPa; T is the canopy of crop or the temperature of greenhouse top layer, ℃.
Calculate ripple ratio (β) according to formula II then:
Formula II:
Wherein be γ psychrometer constant, 0.0646kPa/ ℃; Δ t and Δ e
aBe respectively the canopy of crop and the temperature difference and the steam pressure reduction of greenhouse top layer.
Then utilize ripple ratio-energy budget method to calculate evapotranspiration according to formula I:
Formula I:
Wherein, ET is an evapotranspiration, mm/d; Rn is a net radiation flux, W/m
2G is a soil heat flux, W/m
2λ is the latent heat of vaporization of water, 2.45MJ/kg.
As seen, after measuring temperature T, humidity U, light radiation value Rn with temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light radiation sensor, calculate Δ T and Δ e, utilize ripple ratio-energy budget method to calculate crop reference crop evapotranspiration amount (ET), be equivalent to indirectly calculate irrigation volume, and then design control procedure carries out automatic irrigation with temperature T, humidity U, light radiation value Rn.
As shown in Figure 1, water pumper 5 is extracted water through filter 7, flowmeter 9, magnetic valve 10 out is delivered to droping irrigating pipe 14 and enters corresponding dropper band from water source 6, magnetic valve 10 cuts out and opens the pipeline current according to the instruction of controller 3, and water dropper 18 finally is sprayed onto the appointed area with water.Be provided with flowmeter 9 in water pump 8 and the pipeline that magnetic valve 10 is communicated with, measured flow velocity in advance, keep constant, the irrigation volume model calculates to be found water dropper 18 numbers after the irrigation volume of single plant and just can draw total irrigation volume, draw time of irrigation divided by speed, promptly can control irrigation volume the switch time of controller 3 seetting programs control magnetic valve 10.
The utilization of science of the present invention ripple ratio-energy budget method calculate the crop evapotranspiration as irrigating model, carry out drip irrigation as irrigation volume to crop indirectly, replenish crop institute lack of water branch comparatively accurately.The present invention only need use temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light radiation sensor and measure temperature T, humidity U, light radiation value Rn, these several sensors are comparatively cheap with respect to the soil moisture sensor price, be more suitable for being widely used in to have very high promotional value in the actual production.Utilize clean energy resource solar energy to provide electric energy simultaneously, economy and feasibility that the agricultural crops that greatly having improved does not have electricity, water-deficient area is irrigated for system.The present invention also writes down all temperature humidity light radiation data that collect of preservation and consults for the user, to offer best irrigation volume and the corresponding environmental parameter scope thereof that the user finds out various crops.
The part that the present invention does not relate to prior art that maybe can adopt all same as the prior art is realized.
Claims (9)
1. intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model, this drip irrigation system is positioned at the greenhouse, it is characterized in that it comprises data acquisition module, the a plurality of A/D modular converters that link to each other with data acquisition module, controller (3), the D/A modular converter, drive circuit and executing agency, described data acquisition module is used to gather respective input signals, the signal output part of data acquisition module links to each other with the signal input part of corresponding A/D modular converter, the signal output part of A/D modular converter links to each other with the signal input part of controller (3), the output driving circuit that controller (3) control is coupled, executing agency irrigates by the drive circuit operation.
2. the intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described executing agency comprises water pumper (5), magnetic valve (10), water pump (8) and a plurality of water dropper (18), described water pumper (5) draws water by water pump (8), the delivery port of water pump (8) flows into corresponding dropper band by a plurality of droping irrigating pipes (14), a plurality of water droppers (18) with the crop corresponding number all are housed on each dropper pipeline (18), magnetic valve (10) is installed in the delivery port of water pump (8), and the switching of magnetic valve (8) is controlled by controller (3).
3. the intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model according to claim 2, it is characterized in that being provided with y-type filter (7) between described water pumper (5) and the water pump (8), be provided with flowmeter (9) in water pump (8) and the pipeline that magnetic valve (10) is communicated with, be equipped with a field control valve (13) on the dropper pipeline (18) of each dropper band.
4. the intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model according to claim 1 is characterized in that described data acquisition module comprises two humidity sensors (17) of the two temperatures sensor (16) of the canopy that is used to gather crop and greenhouse top layer temperature signal, the canopy that is used to gather crop and greenhouse top layer moisture signal and is used to gather drip irrigation system optical signal light radiation sensor (15); Each sensor converts temperature, humidity and the optical radiation signal of measurand to voltage signal respectively, and each voltage signal is sent in the controller (3) after being converted to data signal by each self-corresponding A/D modular converter.
5. the intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model according to claim 1, each module that it is characterized in that intelligent drip irrigation control system is powered by solar panel, this system also comprises the LCD display (4) that links to each other with controller (3), described controller (3) communicates by universal serial bus (12) and host computer (11), and the data that collect are preserved analyzing and processing.
6. intelligent drip irrigation control method based on crop evapotranspiration model, application rights requires 1 described intelligent drip irrigation control system based on crop evapotranspiration model, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
At first, temperature t, humidity U and the optical radiation signal Rn of data collecting module collected crop, send in the controller (3) through behind corresponding a plurality of A/D modular converters; Secondly, controller (3) calculates the irrigation volume of individual plant crop, the water dropper (18) that multiply by with the crop corresponding number obtains total irrigation volume, according to going out the time that water flow velocity draws irrigation of water pump (8); At last, controller (3) is irrigated by drive circuit operation executing agency.
7. the intelligent drip irrigation control method based on crop evapotranspiration model according to claim 6, the irrigation volume that it is characterized in that described individual plant crop are that crop moisture rising and that soil scatters and disappears calculates according to formula I:
Formula I:
Wherein, ET is an evapotranspiration, mm/d; Rn is a net radiation flux, W/m
2G is a soil heat flux, W/m
2λ is the latent heat of vaporization of water, 2.45MJ/kg.
8. the intelligent drip irrigation control method based on crop evapotranspiration model according to claim 7 is characterized in that described ripple ratio β calculates according to formula II:
Formula II:
Wherein be γ psychrometer constant, 0.0646kPa/ ℃; Δ t and Δ e
aBe respectively the canopy of crop, the temperature difference and the steam pressure reduction of two height of greenhouse top layer;
Wherein: vapour pressure e
aCalculate according to formula III according to the Magnus semiempirical formula:
Formula III: e
s=6.1exp (17.27t/ (237.3+t))
e
a＝Ue
s
Ve
a＝e
a1-e
a2＝U
1e
s1-U
2e
s2
U wherein
1, U
2Be respectively the humidity of canopy and the greenhouse top layer of crop, %; e
A1, e
A2The canopy and the greenhouse top layer actual vapor that are respectively crop are pressed kPa; e
A1, e
A2Be respectively canopy or the greenhouse top layer saturation vapour pressure of crop, kPa; T is the canopy of crop or the temperature of greenhouse top layer, ℃.
9. the intelligent drip irrigation control method based on crop evapotranspiration model according to claim 7 is characterized in that described soil heat flux G calculates according to formula IV:
Formula IV: daytime: G=0.1R
nNight: G=0.5R
n
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