CN102928575A - Device capable of keeping saturation of experimental soil mass constant - Google Patents
Device capable of keeping saturation of experimental soil mass constant Download PDFInfo
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- CN102928575A CN102928575A CN2012104477557A CN201210447755A CN102928575A CN 102928575 A CN102928575 A CN 102928575A CN 2012104477557 A CN2012104477557 A CN 2012104477557A CN 201210447755 A CN201210447755 A CN 201210447755A CN 102928575 A CN102928575 A CN 102928575A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device capable of keeping saturation of experimental soil mass constant. The device comprises a sealed box with an upper cover, a calculation unit and a display unit, wherein the sealed box is provided with a water replenishing device; a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a dew point sensor are arranged on the upper portion of the box; the calculation unit is used for receiving temperature, humidity and dew point temperature data of air sent by the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor and the dew point sensor, calculating moisture content of air at initial time and moisture content of air at a subsequent time and figuring out the difference therebetween, and controlling the water replenishing device to replenish water at the difference into the soil mass; and the display unit is used for displaying temperature, humidity and dew point temperature of air and the difference. The device can accurately replenish water to the soil mass, simply and effectively keep saturation of soil mass constant, so that the test results of experiments are objective, real and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the test unit of a kind of unsaturated soil in civil engineering work soil test field, particularly relate to a kind of constant test unit of saturation degree that keeps unsaturated soil.
Background technology
The natural soil body is a kind of three-phase material system of complexity, and wherein soil particle forms the solid soil skeleton, and soil skeleton has been full of liquids and gases between the space, and the space between skeleton all is that liquid is full of, and then forms saturated soil; If the hole of inside soil body part is full of by liquid, then is unsaturated soil.Unsaturated soil is a kind of non-homogeneous porous medium material that is comprised of soil particle and not miscible fluid (such as water---gas, water---oil, water---pollutant etc.), and it extensively is distributed in soil-slope, earth and rockfill dam, Roadbed Soil, refuse landfill and arid---among the semiarid zone.Along with national economy improves constantly transport need, highway, railway construction expanding day, the unsaturated soils such as fine grained soil (slity soil and clayey soil), swelled ground, loess and collapsible soil also increase gradually as roadbed material.In the last few years, along with the fast development of China's economy and the aggravation of human society transformation activity, more and more engineering problems relevant with unsaturated soil had to be solved.
Build is in subgrade engineering, hydraulic engineering and the municipal works etc. in unsaturated soil area, owing to be subject to such as factor affecting such as weathers, shallow-layer unsaturated soil engineering properties changes, and shows as to construct water in the engineering, heat distribution variation.This variation has significant impact to engineering stability, often causes subgrade engineering the diseases such as depression, vertical swollen, ditch fall to occur, and the diseases such as frost heave, bank slump, cracking of building body appear in hydraulic engineering, and the diseases such as frost heave, depression, check crack appear in municipal works.The disease reason is that water cut increases the generation saturated yielding in the soil, strength decreased, and freeze thawing changes native own vol, and male and female face Shang Shui, hot difference cause distortion difference etc., and affecting shallow-layer unsaturated soil engineering stability leading indicator is water cut and temperature.
In order accurately to grasp the impact of the engineering stabilities such as unsaturated soil roadbed engineering with certain soil body saturation degree, hydraulic engineering, people need to carry out take this unsaturated soil as experimental subjects the test of the hydraulic parameters such as soil solidifying, viscoelasticity.Carrying out in the middle of every process of the test of the soil body, because the variation of environment temperature can cause the loss of moisture in the soil body, thereby causing soil body saturation degree to change, affecting the accuracy of test findings.Therefore, maintenance soil body saturation degree is constant in experimentation just seems extremely important.
In order to keep soil body saturation degree constant, the general employing directly added water to keep the way of soil body saturation degree in the prior art in the test soil body.But this way has larger randomness, and soil body saturation degree is stable not, thereby is unfavorable for obtaining accurately experimental result.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of constant experimental provision of saturation degree that keeps testing the soil body, to overcome the randomness that keeps soil body saturation degree in the prior art, improve the order of accuarcy of test.
The inventor finds by a large amount of experiments:
1, the physical process of soil body moisture evaporation
The condition that the evaporation of soil body moisture continues to carry out is: often have heat to arrive native face, provide the moisture vaporization required heat of vaporization; Soil face vapour pressure is higher than the atmospheric water vapour pressure; The soil face can continue to obtain moisture in the soil.According to the motion conditions of various form moisture, soil body moisture evaporation process is divided three phases:
1. the kapillary operation phase, when the soil body was moistening, water was full of the inside soil body hole, and moisture is by capillarity, and constantly rapidly to the earth's surface operation, moisture is in earth's surface vaporization, diffusion, and the evaporation of soil body moisture is strong.
2. the film operation phase, reduce when the evaporation water consumption makes soil body water cut, during less than capillary water fracture water cut, capillary water disconnects, and capillary conductivity stops, and soil body moisture is moved to the thin place of moisture film by the place that moisture film is thick then with the pellicular water form.Because this motion is slow, the moisture evaporation obviously weakens.At this moment, the evaporation not only carry out on the earth's surface, inside soil body moisture also can be vaporized, and through soil body hole to atmospheric diffusion.
3. spread the operation phase, when the reduction of soil body water cut, during near wilting coefficient, soil body moisture is stopped substantially by the film movement of bottom to native face, only has vaporous water to spread in the soil body of earth's surface, and rate of evaporation is very little.
2, the influence factor of soil body moisture evaporation
Except the same factor that affects evaporation from water surface, soil body water cut, bury of groundwater, soil structures, soil body color and luster, soil body surface feature etc. are arranged still.
1. when soil body water cut when saturated because irregular soil body particle has consisted of larger total evaporation surface, the rapid steamer meeting of the free-water level that rapid steamer can be more identical than horizontal area is many.Water cut plays a decisive role to evaporation in 3～5 cm range of soil body top layer, and down impact is less.
If 2. bury of groundwater is little, phreatic table often remains in the capillarity scope, and then soil body water cut can be replenished enduringly, and evaporation evenly; Otherwise, if bury of groundwater is large, the vary within wide limits that reduces of rate of evaporation then.
3. the soil body of crumb structure, evaporation capacity is little; The soil body of non-crumb structure, evaporation capacity is large.
4. soil body color change soil body surface reflectivity evaporates thereby affect, and soil body color is darker, and evaporation capacity more greatly.The evaporation capacity of the brown soil body is larger 19% than white, and the evaporation capacity of the black soil body is than large 32% of white.
5. the turbulent fluctuation effect of soil body surface feature affects wind, the evaporation capacity of rough earth is larger than level and smooth ground; Landform eminence wind speed is large, and the highland evaporation capacity is larger than the basin; The earth's surface slope aspect is different, affects radiation-absorbing, and evaporation capacity is also different.
As seen, as shown in Figure 1, along with the rising of ambient temperature, the moisture on soil body top constantly enters in the middle of the air with the water vapor form under evaporation; Because soil body top moisture reduces, bottom moisture to the motion of soil body top, causes underground water table constantly to descend under capillary action.As shown in Figure 2, because in the process that temperature raises, it is more and more to enter airborne moisture, the humidity of air strengthens thereupon, and the water loss in the soil body is serious, directly causes the saturation degree of the soil body to descend.Therefore, can consider to keep the invariable of soil body saturation degree by the humidity of adjusting air.
Accordingly, device of the present invention comprises with lower member: with the airtight casing of loam cake, be used for the encapsulation test soil body; Described airtight casing is provided with water replanishing device, is used for the test soil body is carried out moisturizing; Casing top is provided with temperature sensor, humidity sensor and dew point transducer, for detection of temperature and humidity and the dewpoint temperature of the air on soil body top; Computing unit, be used for to receive temperature, humidity and the dewpoint temperature data of the air that sends over from described temperature sensor, humidity sensor and dew point transducer, and calculate the water cut of the air when initial and the water cut of certain time air thereafter, calculate its difference, and by the control water replanishing device, the moisture of described difference is filled in the soil body; And display unit, for the temperature, humidity, dewpoint temperature and the difference that show described air.
According to device of the present invention, water replanishing device preferably be arranged on casing on cover.
According to device of the present invention, the preferred spray equipment of water replanishing device is used for moisture is evenly sprayed in soil body surface.
According to device of the present invention, the bottom of casing can also be provided with water tank and porous disc, is used for the simulate formation water layer, thereby so that experimental result closer to state of nature.
According to device of the present invention, described computing unit adopts single-chip microcomputer to make.
Adopt device of the present invention can realize accurately keeping the skin wet to the soil body, can simply, effectively keep soil body saturation degree constant, thereby so that the test result of experiment be more objective, true, reliable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is soil body water translocation synoptic diagram under the high temperature;
Fig. 2 is according to soil body water translocation synoptic diagram after the method for the invention moisturizing;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of the specific embodiment of device of the present invention.
Embodiment
Details are as follows to the implementation of the method for the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: proving installation of the present invention comprises casing 1 and loam cake 2, described airtight casing 1 top is provided with spray equipment 3, one side on casing top is provided with temperature sensor 4, humidity sensor 5 and dew point transducer 6, by computing unit 7 control spray equipment and display units 8.
According to device of the present invention, comprise with lower member: with the casing 1 of loam cake 2, be used for the encapsulation test soil body; Described airtight lower box is provided with water tank 9, is used for holding water, and water tank 9 is provided with porous disc 10, and the water in the water tank and the soil body are separated; Described loam cake 2 is provided with spray equipment 3, is used for the surface of the soil body is evenly sprayed moisturizing; The top of described airtight casing 1 is provided with temperature sensor 4, humidity sensor 5 and dew point transducer 6, for detection of temperature and humidity and the dewpoint temperature of the air on soil body top in the casing; Computing unit 7, the employing single-chip microcomputer is made, be used for to receive temperature, humidity and the dewpoint temperature data of the air that sends over from described temperature sensor 4, humidity sensor 5 and dew point transducer 6, and calculate the water cut of the air when initial and the water cut of certain time air thereafter, calculate its difference, and by control spray equipment 3, the moisture of described difference is filled in the soil body; And display unit 8, be used for showing described difference.
During use, first water is contained in the water tank 9, covered porous disc 10; Then place an amount of test soil body at porous disc 10, form the soil body; Cover loam cake 2 with casing 1; Temperature sensor 4, humidity sensor 5 and dew point transducer 6 test out initial temperature and the humidity of the air on soil body top, calculate the initial water cut V1 of air; After temperature rose to a certain degree, temperature sensor 4, humidity sensor 5 and dew point transducer 6 tested out temperature, humidity and the dewpoint temperature corresponding with current air humidity of current air, calculate the current water cut V2 of air; Calculate the difference △ V of current water cut V2 and initial water content V1, be the evaporation capacity of moisture in the soil body; Computing unit 7 control spray equipments 3 fill into the soil body with the moisture of the △ V water yield mode by even spray, constant with the saturation degree that keeps the soil body; Display unit 8 shows temperature, humidity, dewpoint temperature and the described difference of described air in good time simultaneously, judges the rate of water make-up size for the user.
The present invention can summarize with other the concrete form without prejudice to spirit of the present invention or principal character.Therefore, no matter from which point, above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention all can only be thought can not limit the present invention to explanation of the present invention.Claims have been pointed out scope of the present invention, and scope of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation.Therefore, in the implication suitable with claims of the present invention and any change in the scope, all should think to be included in the scope of claims.
Claims (5)
1. the constant device of saturation degree that keeps testing the soil body is characterized in that comprising with lower member: with the closed box of loam cake, be used for the encapsulation test soil body; Described casing is provided with water replanishing device, is used for the test soil body is carried out moisturizing; Casing top is provided with temperature sensor, humidity sensor and dew point transducer, for detection of temperature and humidity and the dewpoint temperature of the air on soil body top; Computing unit, be used for to receive temperature, humidity and the dewpoint temperature data of the air that sends over from described temperature sensor, humidity sensor and dew point transducer, and calculate the water cut of the air when initial and the water cut of certain time air thereafter, calculate its difference, and by the control water replanishing device, the moisture of described difference is filled in the soil body; And display unit, be used for showing described temperature, humidity, dewpoint temperature and described difference.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described closed box is provided with water tank and porous disc.
3. device according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described water replanishing device be arranged on closed box on cover.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described water replanishing device is spray equipment, be used for moisture evenly spray in soil body surface.
5. device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described computing unit is to adopt single-chip microcomputer to make.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210447755.7A CN102928575B (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2012-11-12 | Device capable of keeping saturation of experimental soil mass constant |
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| CN201210447755.7A CN102928575B (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2012-11-12 | Device capable of keeping saturation of experimental soil mass constant |
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| CN102928575B CN102928575B (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106290801A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中南大学 | The Apparatus and method for that soil body saturation controls |
| CN110412243A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-05 | 衢州学院 | One kind being used for Factors on The Thermal Cracking of Rocks experimental provision |
| CN110978263A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 深圳市华域环保科技有限公司 | Clay material water content control method |
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| CN102435717A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-05-02 | 南京林业大学 | Soil frost-heaving and thawing-settlement tester based on thermoelectric refrigeration control |
| US8205486B2 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2012-06-26 | Ramanathan Sri Ranjan | Plant-controlled atmometer for measuring crop evapotranspiration |
| CN102696433A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 昆山卉友生态科技有限公司 | Automatic-irrigation heat-insulating cultivation box for plant cultivation |
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2012
- 2012-11-12 CN CN201210447755.7A patent/CN102928575B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
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| EP0202847A2 (en) * | 1985-05-17 | 1986-11-26 | The Standard Oil Company | System and method for Scheduling irrigation |
| US8205486B2 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2012-06-26 | Ramanathan Sri Ranjan | Plant-controlled atmometer for measuring crop evapotranspiration |
| CN101849495A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2010-10-06 | 张德宏 | Best water-saving irrigation method for radio monitoring soil moisture |
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| CN102435717A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-05-02 | 南京林业大学 | Soil frost-heaving and thawing-settlement tester based on thermoelectric refrigeration control |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106290801A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中南大学 | The Apparatus and method for that soil body saturation controls |
| CN110412243A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-05 | 衢州学院 | One kind being used for Factors on The Thermal Cracking of Rocks experimental provision |
| CN110978263A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-10 | 深圳市华域环保科技有限公司 | Clay material water content control method |
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| CN102928575B (en) | 2014-11-19 |
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