CN104365445A - Method for rapidly determining design flow of large field drop irrigation water dropper - Google Patents
Method for rapidly determining design flow of large field drop irrigation water dropper Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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Abstract
Provided is a method for rapidly determining the design flow of a large field drop irrigation water dropper. According to the method, on the basis of the drop irrigation point water source infiltration characteristic and the soil infiltration principle, according to the linear relation between the flow of the water dropper and the radius of a stable water accumulation area, the linear relation is obtained through actual measurement in a large field, the flow value of the water dropper is calculated according to the linear relation under the condition that no direct surface runoff or soil erosion risk happens to various types of soil, the optimal design flow value of the water dropper is rapidly determined according to the flow value, and the measurement method is simple, rapid and easy to operate. After the drop irrigation technology is used, if the soil environment changes, the changed optimal design flow value of the water dropper can still be obtained through the method. In the drop irrigation technology actual production process, the new optimal design flow value of the water dropper is obtained by changing the water supply pressure of the drop irrigation device, and the requirements of plants for water and soil infiltration are met again.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to drip irrigation method technical field, relate to a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast.
Background technology
Drip irrigation technique, as modern water-saving efficient irrigation technique, is widely used, and is one of the main irrigation method of 21 century sustainability agricultural development and the method protection of the environment by agricultural.The advantage of this technology is: uniformity of irrigation water appilcation is high; Can accurate flow control, duty and Irrigation Frequency; Be applicable to the plot of uneven terrain slope; Make drip irrigation irrigation water infiltrate the root system environment forming low solute concentration with a water source form, be suitable for the utilization of part of contaminated water or brackish water; Controlled and the some water source of drip irrigation height infiltrates feature, is the irrigation method developing saline land the best.
In drip irrigation system design, average irrigator flow (dripping end flow) and uniformity of irrigation water appilcation are two extremely important and must consider factors.Dripping end flow is generally determined by the physical property of soil (infiltrated water of moisture and diffusion coefficient) and crop water feature.Concrete design principle has two: one to be meet crop water requirement, and two is do not produce rainwash and the soil erosion.For Article 1 design principle, can be realized by design water dropper arrangement and irrigation program according to crop water feature, and Article 2 principle is relevant to soil environment.Due to the difference of soil texture composition, granule size, organic matter and chemical ion composition, then the infiltration capacity of soil varies.And the generation of surface pond and runoff and the infiltration capacity of soil closely bound up, the infiltration capacity difference of soil then easily produces surface pond even runoff, and the soil that infiltration capacity is good then not easily produces surface pond and runoff.Under condition of drip irrigation, the size and shape that surface pond produces is different from other moisture irrigation method.Drip irrigation emitter water supply belongs to a water source and infiltrates, and on smooth soil, surface pond district shape is circular or subcircular, and its size is subject to the impact of dripping end flow and infiltration capacity.The soil of infiltration capacity difference, along with the increase of dripping end flow, pools zone increases rapidly, even produces runoff and the soil erosion; The soil that infiltration capacity is good, pools zone slowly increases with the increase of dripping end flow, then should not cause rainwash and the soil erosion.For specific dripping end flow, size the continuing along with water supply time in surface pond district, can be in stable state, namely pools zone size remains unchanged.This phenomenon can occur in most of soil types, but (infiltration capacity of expansibility saline soil reduces along with the increase of soil water content expansibility saline soil exception, reason is the sodium of expansibility saline soil mostly containing high level, sodium water suction can cause soil clay particle to disperse, blocking soil pore space, thus reduce infiltrate performance).
Under drip irrigation technique condition, rainwash is relevant with the gradient with pools zone size with the generation of the soil erosion.On smooth soil, pools zone is larger, and the change of small landform more can cause pools zone to develop into rainwash and erosion; On acclive soil, rainwash and the soil erosion are more easily developed into along with the increase of the gradient in pools zone, and no matter less pools zone is on leveling land or in ground, gentle slope, all not easily form rainwash and the soil erosion, on gentle slope, its shape is become the shape of long and narrow nearly ellipse from circle on the ground.Therefore, under the principle not producing rainwash and the soil erosion, determine that the size of pools zone below drip irrigation emitter has just had universal significance.No matter which kind of soil, as long as the size criteria of pools zone does not cause rainwash and the soil erosion below water dropper, then this dripping end flow value corresponding to size criteria of pools zone then can as dripping end flow design load.In actual land for growing field crops uses, select concrete value according to landform, the gradient and salinity compositing characteristic.Such as, in the plot that terrain slope is large, select less pools zone radius value as far as possible; In the plot that the gradient is comparatively delayed, select relatively large pools zone radius value; Without in the plot of the gradient, select large pools zone radius value as far as possible; For saline soil, then select pools zone radius value less than normal as far as possible.
Summary of the invention
The present invention devises a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast, according to the linear relation between dripping end flow and stability product pool radius, under can needing water requirement meeting plant growth and not produce rainwash and soil erosion condition, provide a kind of method determining the land for growing field crops designed discharge of dripper that differing texture, the different terrain gradient and different salt are grouped into fast.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast, and key is: described method comprises the following steps:
A, select typical plot from the large Tanaka of target: typical plot refers to the plot that can represent the average soil regime in land for growing field crops;
B, smooth native face: carry out smooth to the typical plot chosen in steps A, obtain native face smoothly without the experiment plot of the gradient;
C, installation drip irrigation appliance: install drip irrigation appliance in the experiment plot place that step B obtains, comprise dropper band, the main pipeline of installing water source, water pump, control valve, filter, water meter, manometer, subsidiary water dropper;
D, water supply: utilize mounted drip irrigation appliance in step C to supply water to the experiment plot obtained in step B, by changing the dropper band of pressure of supply water or selection different flow specification, obtain 2 ~ 5 not wait and the dripping end flow differed greatly, the size of dripping end flow is for being no more than 10L/h, and the stability product pool diameter measured corresponding to each dripping end flow, obtain 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters and dripping end flow data;
E, the linear relation determining between dripping end flow and stability product pool radius: dripping end flow and stability product pool radius meet following linear equation: Q=ar+b, and wherein Q is dripping end flow, and unit is L/h; R is stability product pool radius, and unit is cm; A, b are parameters, and a, b ≠ 0,2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters obtained by step D and dripping end flow data combine with linear equation Q=ar+b, calculate parameter a and b, obtain linear equation;
F, selection stability product pool radius value: the stability product pool radius value being grouped into choice experiment plot according to the soil texture, terrain slope and salt, stability product pool radius r≤10cm;
G, determine designed discharge of dripper value: stability product pool radius value step F chosen is brought in the linear equation that step e obtains, and obtain corresponding dripping end flow value, this value is the designed discharge of dripper value of the large Tanaka's drip irrigation appliance of target.
The typical plot that described step B also comprises choosing in steps A is ploughed, to plant the crop root main area degree of depth according to plan: shallow root system plant is dark, the dark root system plant of 40cm is that 80cm is dark, soil is ploughed with in small, broken bits by usage mining machine or rotovator, carry out smooth after ploughing again, obtain native face smoothly without the experiment plot of the gradient.
On same experiment plot, many dropper bands are installed in described step C, each dropper band are at least provided with a water dropper, supply the water of same traffic simultaneously, keep independent between different water dropper and do not interfere with each other.
Described step D specifically comprises the following steps:
D1, use minimum dripping end flow supply water experiment plot soil surface, when pools zone, earth's surface reaches stable for circular in 20 ~ 60min, and keep 20min constant, then measure stability product pool diameter, measure from multiple directions in mensuration process and obtain multi-group data, try to achieve the average product pool diameter data under this dripping end flow; Preferably all dripping end flow is measured down after water supply starts and before terminating, if be not easy to after starting measure dripping end flow value, then after the measuring diameter of stability product pool, measure dripping end flow value, same measurement repeatedly, obtains average water dropper flow value, during practical measurement, multiple water dropper is installed, selects pools zone to measure its stability product pool diameter and dripping end flow closest to circular water dropper point;
D2, measure more corresponding stability product pool diameter and actual dripping end flow under large discharge condition in same position; Along with the dripping end flow selected increases, continue to become large phenomenon if there is pools zone instability, then illustrate that the dripping end flow provided greatly exceed the infiltration capacity of soil, dripping end flow under this condition, then easily there is the generation of soil runoff and phenomenon of soil erosion, the design principle of this and dripping end flow is not inconsistent, therefore, once there is the phenomenon of pools zone instability, then stop this determination step under selecting relatively little dripping end flow to continue the prerequisite implemented determination step or meet dripping end flow determination step more than two;
D3, finally obtain 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters and dripping end flow data.
Described step e is in two kinds of situation:
E1, when there being computer, in 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters obtained by step D and dripping end flow data input Office office software Microsoft Excel, then can be obtained value and the linear equation of parameter a and b by matching;
E2, when not having computer, on paper, select maximum dripping end flow and minimum dripping end flow two groups of data groups to bring in linear equation Q=ar+b, simultaneous two equations, calculate the value of parameter a and b, obtain linear equation.
The stability product pool radius value in the experiment plot selected by step F has following four kinds of situations: in the plot that terrain slope is large, stability product pool radius r≤2cm; In the plot that the gradient is comparatively delayed, stability product pool radius r=2 ~ 5cm; Without in the plot of the gradient, stability product pool radius r=5 ~ 10cm; For saline soil, stability product pool radius r≤5cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this method is based on drip irrigation point water source infiltration character and soil infiltration principle, according to the linear relation between dripping end flow and stability product pool radius, above-mentioned linear relation is obtained by practical measurement large Tanaka, calculate various soil according to this linear relation and do not produce the dripping end flow value under rainwash and soil erosion risk conditions, best designed discharge of dripper value is determined fast with this value, this assay method simple and fast, easy to operate.After using drip irrigation technique, if soil environment changes, the best designed discharge of dripper value after still can being acquired change by the method.In drip irrigation technique actual production process, by changing drip irrigation appliance pressure of supply water to realize new best designed discharge of dripper value, needing water and soil to infiltrate the demand of two aspects again to meet plant, promoting the growth of plant.Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation when utilizing drip irrigation appliance measurement designed discharge of dripper in the present invention.
In accompanying drawing, 1 represents water source, and 2 represent water pump, and 3 represent control valve, and 4 represent filter, and 5 represent water meter, and 6 represent water dropper, and 7 represent dropper band, and 8 represent main pipeline, and 9 represent pools zone, and 10 represent humid region.
Embodiment
Determine a method for land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast, key is: described method comprises the following steps:
A, select typical plot from the large Tanaka of target: typical plot refers to the plot that can represent the average soil regime in land for growing field crops;
B, smooth native face: carry out smooth to the typical plot chosen in steps A, obtain native face smoothly without the experiment plot of the gradient;
C, installation drip irrigation appliance: install drip irrigation appliance in the experiment plot place that step B obtains, comprise dropper band 7, the main pipeline 8 of installing water source 1, water pump 2, control valve 3, filter 4, water meter 5, manometer, subsidiary water dropper 6;
D, water supply: utilize mounted drip irrigation appliance in step C to supply water to the experiment plot obtained in step B, by changing the dropper band 7 of pressure of supply water or selection different flow specification, obtain 2 ~ 5 not wait and the dripping end flow differed greatly, the size of dripping end flow is for being no more than 10L/h, and the stability product pool diameter measured corresponding to each dripping end flow, obtain 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters and dripping end flow data;
E, the linear relation determining between dripping end flow and stability product pool radius: dripping end flow and stability product pool radius meet following linear equation: Q=ar+b, and wherein Q is dripping end flow, and unit is L/h, r is stability product pool radius, and unit is cm, a, b is parameter, and a, b ≠ 0, 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters obtained by step D and dripping end flow data combine with linear equation Q=ar+b, calculate parameter a and b, obtain linear equation, wherein, a, b ≠ 0, under representing that pools zone radius equals the condition of 0 below water dropper, still dripping end flow value is had, reason is when dripping end flow value is less than Infiltration Characteristics in Field Soils, earth's surface does not produce ponding, and soil wetting pattern 10 can exist, and increase along with the increase of irrigation time, for parameter a different soils, the value of b is all different, the i.e. soil of different infiltration capacity, under identical dripping end flow condition, its pools zone radius size is different, otherwise under the condition of identical pools zone radius, dripping end flow size is also different,
F, selection stability product pool radius value: the stability product pool radius value being grouped into choice experiment plot according to the soil texture, terrain slope and salt, stability product pool radius r≤10cm;
G, determine designed discharge of dripper value: stability product pool radius value step F chosen is brought in the linear equation that step e obtains, and obtain corresponding dripping end flow value, this value is the designed discharge of dripper value of the large Tanaka's drip irrigation appliance of target.
The typical plot that described step B also comprises choosing in steps A is ploughed, to plant the crop root main area degree of depth according to plan: shallow root system plant is dark, the dark root system plant of 40cm is that 80cm is dark, soil is ploughed with in small, broken bits by usage mining machine or rotovator, carry out smooth after ploughing again, obtain native face smoothly without the experiment plot of the gradient, for the soil needing before planting to plough, then need to level land again after soil is ploughed, and then determine designed discharge of dripper value; For without the soil ploughing directly plantation, then directly smooth, and then determine designed discharge of dripper value.
On same experiment plot, many dropper bands 7 are installed in described step C, each dropper band 7 are at least provided with a water dropper 6, supply the water of same traffic simultaneously, keep independent between different water dropper 6 and do not interfere with each other.
Described step D specifically comprises the following steps:
D1, use minimum dripping end flow supply water experiment plot soil surface, when pools zone, earth's surface reaches stable for circular in 20 ~ 60min, and keep 20min constant, then measure stability product pool diameter, measure from multiple directions in mensuration process and obtain multi-group data, try to achieve the average product pool diameter data under this dripping end flow; Preferably all dripping end flow is measured down after water supply starts and before terminating, if be not easy to after starting measure dripping end flow value, then after the measuring diameter of stability product pool, measure dripping end flow value, same measurement repeatedly, obtains average water dropper flow value, during practical measurement, multiple water dropper 6 is installed, selects pools zone 9 to measure its stability product pool diameter and dripping end flow closest to circular water dropper point;
D2, measure more corresponding stability product pool diameter and actual dripping end flow under large discharge condition in same position; Along with the dripping end flow selected increases, continue to become large phenomenon if there is pools zone instability, then illustrate that the dripping end flow provided greatly exceed the infiltration capacity of soil, dripping end flow under this condition, then easily there is the generation of soil runoff and phenomenon of soil erosion, the design principle of this and dripping end flow is not inconsistent, therefore, once there is the phenomenon of pools zone instability, then stop this determination step under selecting relatively little dripping end flow to continue the prerequisite implemented determination step or meet dripping end flow determination step more than two;
D3, finally obtain 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters and dripping end flow data.
Described step e is in two kinds of situation:
E1, when there being computer, in 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters obtained by step D and dripping end flow data input Office office software Microsoft Excel, then can be obtained value and the linear equation of parameter a and b by matching;
E2, when not having computer, on paper, select maximum dripping end flow and minimum dripping end flow two groups of data groups to bring in linear equation Q=ar+b, simultaneous two equations, calculate the value of parameter a and b, obtain linear equation.
The stability product pool radius value in the experiment plot selected by step F has following four kinds of situations: in the plot that terrain slope is large, stability product pool radius r≤2cm; In the plot that the gradient is comparatively delayed, stability product pool radius r=2 ~ 5cm; Without in the plot of the gradient, stability product pool radius r=5 ~ 10cm; For saline soil, stability product pool radius r≤5cm.
To blow sand at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Cao Feidian experiment and demonstration made and beach salty soil original soil fast greening experiment and demonstration base, ground is carried out below in conjunction with the present invention 2011 ~ 2013 years, prove Be very effective of the present invention:
Chinese Academy of Sciences Cao Feidian blows sand and makes beach salty soil original soil fast greening experiment and demonstration base, ground and be positioned at Caofeidian Industry District, Tangshan City, Hebei Province six and add road junction, this area's saline soil is divided into two kinds: one is chiltern beach salty soil, formed by seabed silt hydraulic reclamation, performance of infiltrating is good, but soil salt content is high, salt is grouped into identical with seawater, and planting plants is willow; Another kind is cement beach salty soil, is developed by beach salt marsh mud, and quality is sticky heavy, and structure is poor, and infiltration capacity is poor, and planting plants is willow.The spacing in the rows of above two kinds of seeds, line-spacing are all 3m.In order to guarantee that two kinds of trees kind are afforested successfully on beach salty soil original soil, then must determine best drip irrigation system designed discharge of dripper value, thus 2011 different have employed method of the present invention at above-mentioned two kinds in the beach salty soil plot that excavator is ploughed:
A, in above-mentioned two kinds of different beach salty soil plot, have selected three typical plot respectively;
B, smooth native face: to plant the crop root main area degree of depth according to plan, utilize excavator to plough the typical plot chosen in steps A, then carry out smooth, obtain native face smoothly without the experiment plot of the gradient;
C, installation drip irrigation appliance: install drip irrigation appliance in the experiment plot place that step B obtains, as shown in Figure 1, comprise dropper band 7, the main pipeline 8 of installing water source 1, water pump 2, control valve 3, filter 4, water meter 5, manometer, subsidiary water dropper 6;
D, water supply: utilize mounted drip irrigation appliance in step C to supply water to the experiment plot obtained in step B, different dripping end flow is formed by adjusting control valve 3, after first dripping end flow is regulated by pressure, size is 0.2L/h, after water supply 20min, pools zone 9 is stablized constant, after reaching 40min, measures the pools zone diameter value in 4 directions to water supply time, measure dripping end flow value with graduated cylinder, acquisition dripping end flow is the average temperature pools zone diameter value under 0.2L/h condition, change pressure of supply water afterwards, obtain the average temperature pools zone diameter value under 0.8L/h and 2.0L/h dripping end flow condition successively, salt pool, chiltern strand soil is maximum obtains the dripping end flow of 3.0L/h and the data group of stability product pool diameter, and cement beach salty soil is under 3.0L/h dripping end flow condition, its pools zone radius constantly increases, exceed 15cm, and 15cm is the half of design water dropper 6 spacing 30cm, if adopt 3.0L/h dripping end flow on cement beach salty soil, then can cause water dropper 6 pools zone superpositions, form banded pools zone 9, thus produce runoff and the soil erosion, therefore, the maximum dripping end flow of cement beach salty soil only have selected 2.0L/h, and chiltern beach salty soil is when dripping end flow equals 0.2L/h, earth's surface occurs without pools zone, so three typical plot in cement beach salty soil plot obtain 0.2L/h respectively, each three groups of dripping end flow and stability product pool radius data group under 0.8L/h and 2.0L/h condition, then average, the mean value of the three groups of dripping end flow in final acquisition cement beach salty soil plot and stability product pool radius data group, same method, three typical plot in chiltern beach salty soil plot obtain 0.2L/h respectively, 0.8L/h, 2.0L/h and 3.0L/h tetra-groups of dripping end flow and stability product pool radius data group, then average, the mean value of the three groups of dripping end flow in final acquisition chiltern beach salty soil plot and stability product pool radius data group,
E, the linear relation determining between dripping end flow and stability product pool diameter: dripping end flow and stability product pool diameter meet following linear equation: Q=ar+b, and wherein Q is dripping end flow, and unit is L/h; R is stability product pool radius, and unit is cm; A, b is parameter, and a, b ≠ 0, three groups, the cement beach salty soil plot dripping end flow obtained by step D and the mean value of stability product pool radius data group substitute in Office office software Excel data form, and the linear equation expression formula being obtained cement beach salty soil plot by matching is Y=0.2r+0.08, fitting coefficient R=0.99, i.e. a=0.2, b=0.08; Same method, three groups, the chiltern beach salty soil plot dripping end flow obtained by step D and the mean value of stability product pool radius data group substitute in Office office software Excel data form, the linear equation expression formula being obtained chiltern beach salty soil plot by matching is Y=0.5r+0.32, fitting coefficient R=0.99, i.e. a=0.5, b=0.32;
F, select stability product pool radius value: all to belong to saline soil plot comparatively smooth due to two kinds of soil, and irrigate band 7 is arranged in tree root at a distance of 10cm place, in order to ensure the gas permeability of soil, stability product pool radius r=5cm is selected in chiltern beach salty soil plot, and considering the poor-performing that infiltrates of clay soil, then stability product pool radius r=3cm is selected in cement beach salty soil plot;
G, determine designed discharge of dripper value: r=5cm step F determined substitutes in the linear equation expression formula Y=0.5r+0.32 in the chiltern beach salty soil plot that step e is determined, the designed discharge of dripper value obtaining chiltern beach salty soil plot the best is 2.82L/h; R=3cm step F determined substitutes in the linear equation expression formula Y=0.2r+0.08 in the cement beach salty soil plot that step e is determined, the designed discharge of dripper value obtaining cement beach salty soil plot the best is 0.68L/h.
After seeds of having planted, be 30cm by dropper band 7 line space design, obtain above-mentioned designed discharge of dripper by controlled pressure, do not form the phenomenon of pools zone handing-over between water dropper 6, also do not form obvious rainwash and phenomenon of soil erosion.Top layer, chiltern beach salty soil plot 0 ~ 20cm soil salt reaches non-salty-soil level in irrigation after 1 day, irrigates after 8 days, and soil root layer 0 ~ 40cm salinity reaches non-salty-soil level, and willow is after planting 2 years, and survival rate is still 100%; Cement beach salty soil plot is in irrigation after 5 days, and top layer 0 ~ 20cm soil reaches non-salty-soil level, and after irrigating 1 first quarter moon, soil root layer 0 ~ 40cm reaches non-salty-soil level, and willow is after planting 2 years, and survival rate still remains on more than 90%.
Test proof is this determines that the method for designed discharge of dripper is simply effective, and with a wide range of applications.
Claims (6)
1. determine a method for land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast, it is characterized in that: described method comprises the following steps:
A, select typical plot from the large Tanaka of target: typical plot refers to the plot that can represent the average soil regime in land for growing field crops;
B, smooth native face: carry out smooth to the typical plot chosen in steps A, obtain native face smoothly without the experiment plot of the gradient;
C, installation drip irrigation appliance: install drip irrigation appliance in the experiment plot place that step B obtains, comprise dropper band (7), the main pipeline (8) of installing water source (1), water pump (2), control valve (3), filter (4), water meter (5), manometer, subsidiary water dropper (6);
D, water supply: utilize mounted drip irrigation appliance in step C to supply water to the experiment plot obtained in step B, by changing the dropper band (7) of pressure of supply water or selection different flow specification, obtain 2 ~ 5 not wait and the dripping end flow differed greatly, the size of dripping end flow is for being no more than 10L/h, and the stability product pool diameter measured corresponding to each dripping end flow, obtain 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters and dripping end flow data;
E, the linear relation determining between dripping end flow and stability product pool radius: dripping end flow and stability product pool radius meet following linear equation: Q=ar+b, and wherein Q is dripping end flow, and unit is L/h; R is stability product pool radius, and unit is cm; A, b are parameters, and a, b ≠ 0,2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters obtained by step D and dripping end flow data combine with linear equation Q=ar+b, calculate parameter a and b, obtain linear equation;
F, selection stability product pool radius value: the stability product pool radius value being grouped into choice experiment plot according to the soil texture, terrain slope and salt, stability product pool radius r≤10cm;
G, determine designed discharge of dripper value: stability product pool radius value step F chosen is brought in the linear equation that step e obtains, and obtain corresponding dripping end flow value, this value is the designed discharge of dripper value of the large Tanaka's drip irrigation appliance of target.
2. a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the typical plot that described step B also comprises choosing in steps A is ploughed, to plant the crop root main area degree of depth according to plan: shallow root system plant is dark, the dark root system plant of 40cm is that 80cm is dark, soil is ploughed with in small, broken bits by usage mining machine or rotovator, carry out smooth after ploughing again, obtain native face smoothly without the experiment plot of the gradient.
3. a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step C, many dropper bands (7) are installed on same experiment plot, each dropper band (7) is at least provided with a water dropper (6), supply the water of same traffic simultaneously, keep independent between different water dropper (6) and do not interfere with each other.
4. a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step D specifically comprises the following steps:
D1, use minimum dripping end flow supply water experiment plot soil surface, when pools zone, earth's surface reaches stable for circular in 20 ~ 60min, and keep 20min constant, then measure stability product pool diameter, measure from multiple directions in mensuration process and obtain multi-group data, try to achieve the average product pool diameter data under this dripping end flow; Preferably all dripping end flow is measured down after water supply starts and before terminating, if be not easy to after starting measure dripping end flow value, then after the measuring diameter of stability product pool, measure dripping end flow value, same measurement repeatedly, obtains average water dropper flow value, during practical measurement, multiple water dropper (6) is installed, selects pools zone (9) to measure its stability product pool diameter and dripping end flow closest to circular water dropper point;
D2, measure more corresponding stability product pool diameter and actual dripping end flow under large discharge condition in same position; Along with the dripping end flow selected increases, continue to become large phenomenon if there is pools zone instability, then illustrate that the dripping end flow provided greatly exceed the infiltration capacity of soil, dripping end flow under this condition, then easily there is the generation of soil runoff and phenomenon of soil erosion, the design principle of this and dripping end flow is not inconsistent, therefore, once there is the phenomenon of pools zone instability, then stop this determination step under selecting relatively little dripping end flow to continue the prerequisite implemented determination step or meet dripping end flow determination step more than two;
D3, finally obtain 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters and dripping end flow data.
5. a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step e in two kinds of situation:
E1, when there being computer, in 2 ~ 5 groups of stability product pool diameters obtained by step D and dripping end flow data input Office office software Microsoft Excel, then can be obtained value and the linear equation of parameter a and b by matching;
E2, when not having computer, on paper, select maximum dripping end flow and minimum dripping end flow two groups of data groups to bring in linear equation Q=ar+b, simultaneous two equations, calculate the value of parameter a and b, obtain linear equation.
6. a kind of method determining land for growing field crops drip irrigation emitter design discharge fast according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the stability product pool radius value in the experiment plot selected by step F has following four kinds of situations: in the plot that terrain slope is large, stability product pool radius r≤2cm; In the plot that the gradient is comparatively delayed, stability product pool radius r=2 ~ 5cm; Without in the plot of the gradient, stability product pool radius r=5 ~ 10cm; For saline soil, stability product pool radius r≤5cm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN106577180A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for rapidly determining microspray irrigation strength and micro sprinkler selection layout |
| CN107238489A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-10-10 | 大禹节水集团股份有限公司 | Dripping end flow device for fast detecting |
| CN107484631A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-12-19 | 安徽诺鑫自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of adjustable drip irrigation device of agricultural |
| CN111699948A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-09-25 | 罗王飞 | Drip irrigation device with novel self-dredging anti-blocking dripper |
| CN111699948B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-08-09 | 淮北辰威科技有限公司 | Drip irrigation device with novel self-dredging anti-blocking dripper |
| CN115299324A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-08 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Method for rapidly determining flow of drip irrigation drippers under condition of saline-alkali soil foreign soil hole planting |
| CN115299324B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-10-13 | 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 | Quick determination method for drip irrigation dripper flow under saline-alkali soil alien soil hole planting condition |
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