CN107330805A - A kind of determination method of irrigation frequency and intensity - Google Patents
A kind of determination method of irrigation frequency and intensity Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of irrigation frequency and the determination method of intensity, belong to irrigation field.Methods described is by receiving multiple intensity set of pouring water that user inputs, then each corresponding efficiency of water application of intensity set of pouring water is calculated, the higher intensity set of pouring water of efficiency of water application, the water utilization rate caused is higher, the lower intensity set of pouring water of efficiency of water application, the water utilization rate caused is lower.In the present embodiment, output efficiency of water application highest is poured water each pour water intensity and each intensity of pouring water corresponding pour water duration and the initial time of pouring water that intensity set includes, and crop is poured water for user, so as to improve the utilization ratio of water resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of irrigation, the determination method of more particularly to a kind of irrigation frequency and intensity.
Background technology
Farmland irrigation frequency refers to the duration at interval of pouring water, and farmland intensity of pouring water refers to the water poured water every time, and farmland is poured water frequency
Rate and pour water intensity be draft field irrigation plan it needs to be determined that important content.
A small number of conditional areas, generally determine irrigation frequency and intensity of pouring water using field irrigation test method, its
He can only pour water empirically determined in area by conventional.However, test method determines irrigation frequency and intensity of pouring water is an expense
When laborious work, the irrigation frequency of different regions and pour water intensity can not be general, therefore, current most area is only with warp
Test to draft field irrigation plan, cause water resource utilization efficiency low.
The content of the invention
In order to improve the utilization ratio of water resource, the invention provides a kind of irrigation frequency and the determination method of intensity.Institute
State technical scheme as follows：
The invention provides a kind of irrigation frequency and the determination method of intensity, methods described includes：
Receive multiple intensity set of pouring water of user's input, the equation title of downstream condition equation, in T unit time period
The theoretical Transpiration Intensity of each unit time period, in the lower boundary Water Flux and soil to be tested of each unit time period
Each location point is in the soil moisture content of the 0th unit time period in Z location point, and the Z location point be located on the same line
And the straight line in the surface of the soil to be tested, the Z location point between adjacent two positions point at intervals of
Pre-determined distance, any one in the multiple intensity set of pouring water intensity set of pouring water includes multiple intensity and described many of pouring water
Corresponding duration and the initial time of pouring water of pouring water of each intensity of pouring water in individual intensity of pouring water；
Set up the corresponding downstream condition equation of the equation title；
Include each pouring water the corresponding initial time of pouring water of intensity according to target intensity set of pouring water, determine the mesh
Whether mark is poured water to be defined in i-th of unit time period in intensity set and is poured water, and target intensity set of pouring water is the multiple
Any one intensity set of pouring water in intensity of pouring water set, the T of i=1,2,3 ..., T is the integer more than 0；
Poured water if be not defined in i-th of unit time period, according to each location point in the i-th -1 unit
The soil moisture content of section calculates the top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in i-th of unit time periodAccording to the top layer
Average external volume moisture contentCoboundary equation is built, and the coboundary equation is the i-th unit time period shown in equation below (1)
Target coboundary equation：
In formula (1), ES(i) it is the soil evaporation intensity in the i-th unit time period；θ1And θ2Respectively default top layer
Soil average external volume moisture content, ES0For default evaporation from water surface intensity, a, b are preset value；
Poured water if be defined in i-th of unit time period, according to each location point the i-th -1 unit time period soil
Earth moisture content sets up the target coboundary equation of the i-th unit time period；
According to the lower bound conditional equation, target coboundary equation and default soil moisture content changes in distribution mould
Type calculates the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time period；
According to the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time period, as follows i-th of (2) calculating
The actual transpiration rate of crop in unit time period
In formula (2),For soil moisture content of z-th of location point in i-th of unit time period, L (i) is crop
Growth length of the root system in i-th of unit time period, EC(i) it is the theoretical Transpiration Intensity of the i-th unit time period, Δ z is adjacent two
The distance between individual location point, Δ t is the duration of unit period, A, θmaxAnd θmaxTo be not preset value；
The actual transpiration rate of crop in each unit time period in T unit time periodPoured water with the target
Intensity set, as follows (3) calculate the target and pour water the corresponding efficiency of water application f of intensity setm；
In formula (3), I (i) is pouring water in i-th of unit time period that the target is poured water defined in intensity set
Intensity, t (i) is pouring water the duration in the i-th unit time period；
The corresponding intensity set of pouring water of maximum efficiency of water application is selected from the multiple intensity set of pouring water；
Export each intensity and each intensity correspondence of pouring water of pouring water that the intensity set of pouring water of the selection includes
Pour water and the duration and pour water initial time.
Optionally, it is described to set up the corresponding downstream condition equation of the equation title, including：
The equation is entitled determine head boundary when, set up the first downstream condition equation shown in equation below (4)
For：
In formula (4) formula, hzIt is preset value to define head below,It is the Z location point in the i-th unit time period
Soil suction head；
On the entitled flux border of the equation, setting up the second downstream condition equation shown in equation below (5) is：
In formula (5), h is soil suction head, and α is the angle between the soil and horizontal plane to be tested；K is
Soil hydraulic conductivity；σ (i) is the lower boundary Water Flux in the i-th unit time period；Wherein,KsFor
Saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, is preset value, and h is soil suction head；θs、θrRespectively saturated aqueous rate and residual water content,
For preset value；A, n are parameter preset；
On the entitled free drainage border of the equation, the 3rd downstream condition equation shown in equation below (6) is set up
For：
Optionally, the soil moisture content according to each location point in the i-th -1 unit time period calculates i-th of unit
The top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in periodAccording to the top layer average external volume moisture contentBuild coboundary
Equation, and the coboundary equation is the target coboundary equation of the i-th unit time period shown in equation below (1), including：
According to the 1st location point in the soil moisture content of the i-th -1 unit time period, the 2nd location point in the i-th -1 unit time period
Soil moisture content and the 3rd location point in the soil moisture content of the i-th -1 unit time period, calculate and treated in i-th of unit time period
The top layer average external volume moisture content of testing soilAnd the first upper boundary conditions equation as shown in formula (1) is set up, wherein the 1st
Individual location point is located at the surface of the soil to be tested；
The first upper boundary conditions equation and equation below (7) according to the downstream condition equation, as shown in formula (1)
Shown default soil moisture content changes in distribution model, calculates each location point soil in the middle of the i-th unit time period
Earth moisture content
According to the 1st location point in the intermediate soil moisture content of the i-th unit time period, the 2nd location point in the i-th unit time period
Intermediate soil moisture content and the 3rd location point the i-th unit time period intermediate soil moisture content, recalculate i-th it is single
The top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in the period of positionAccording to the top layer average external volume moisture content recalculated
Rebuild the target coboundary equation as shown in formula (1).
Optionally, it is single i-th -1 according to each location point if described be defined in i-th of unit time period is poured water
The soil moisture content of position period sets up the target coboundary equation of the i-th unit time period, including：
The second top conditional equation described in equation below (8) is set up,
The second upper boundary conditions equation according to the downstream condition equation, as shown in formula (8) and such as formula (7) institute
The default soil moisture content changes in distribution model shown, calculates intermediate soil of each location point in the i-th unit time period
Moisture content
If the 1st location point is in the intermediate soil moisture content of the i-th unit intervalLess than preset value θs, it is determined that
Surface soil moisture content is not up to saturation, then the second top conditional equation described in the formula (8) is defined as in target
Side condition equation.
Optionally, methods described also includes：
If surface soil moisture content reaches saturation, the target upper boundary conditions equation built is equation below (9) institute
The 3rd coboundary equation shown：
In formula,For the 1st head of the location point in i+1 unit time period；k1、k2Start for surface pond and tie
The beam moment；Zxjl (i+1), zxjl (i) are respectively the depth of accumulated water of earth's surface in i+1 and the i-th unit time period；ZXNL plants for earth's surface
It is default value by inereasing water area；RS (i+1) is the permeability model in i+1 unit time period, Dt (i+1) is the time step of i+1 unit time period；When surface pond is deep
When spending zxjl (i+1) less than surface vegetation inereasing water area ZXNL, the stagnant storage of runoff yield excess newly produced is acted on by the stagnant storage of vegetation on ground
Table, forms hydrostatic pressure head, numerically equal with depth of accumulated water；When earth's surface depth of accumulated water zxjl (i+1) is more than surface vegetation
During inereasing water area ZXNL, the ponding formation runoff more than earth's surface inereasing water area flows away, and now surface pond depth reaches maximum, number
It is equal with surface vegetation inereasing water area in value.
Optionally, it is described according to the lower bound conditional equation, target coboundary equation and default soil moisture content
Changes in distribution model calculates the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time period, including：
The first step：It regard the soil moisture content of each location point in the i-th -1 unit time period as i-th of unit time period
First soil moisture content of interior each location point
Second step：It is distributed according to the lower bound conditional equation, target coboundary equation and default soil moisture content
Variation model calculates the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time periodBy in i-th of unit time period
The soil moisture content of each location pointIt is used as the second soil moisture content
3rd step：Determine the first soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time periodWith the second soil
Moisture contentIt is to meet the condition shown in equation below (10), ε is the relative error allowed, is default value；
If meeting the condition shown in formula (10), it is determined that each soil of the location point in i-th of unit time period contains
Water rateEqual to the second moisture contentI.e.
If being unsatisfactory for the condition shown in formula (10), by each location point second containing in i-th of unit time period
Water rateRespectively as the first moisture content in i-th of unit time periodI.e.It is then back to execution second step.
The beneficial effect for the technical scheme that the present invention is provided is：
In embodiments of the present invention, by receiving multiple intensity set of pouring water that user inputs, each filling is then calculated
The corresponding efficiency of water application of water intensity set, the higher intensity set of pouring water of efficiency of water application, the water utilization rate caused is got over
Height, the lower intensity set of pouring water of efficiency of water application, the water utilization rate caused is lower.In the present embodiment, moisture is exported
Each pour water that utilization rate highest pours water that intensity set includes and each pours water that intensity is corresponding to pour water the duration at intensity
With initial time of pouring water, crop is poured water for user, so as to improve the utilization ratio of water resource.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention implements a kind of determination method flow diagram of the row there is provided irrigation frequency and intensity；
Fig. 2 is soil profile porous media figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is soil water negative pressure hydraulic Head Distribution figure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiment party of the present invention
Formula is described in further detail.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention implements row there is provided a kind of irrigation frequency and the determination method of intensity, and methods described includes：
Step 101：Multiple intensity set of pouring water of reception user's input, the equation title of downstream condition equation, T list
The theoretical Transpiration Intensity of each unit time period, the lower boundary Water Flux of each unit time period and soil to be tested in the period of position
In Z location point in each location point in the soil moisture content of the 0th unit time period, Z location point be located on the same line
And straight line in the surface of the soil to be tested, Z location point between adjacent two positions point at intervals of pre-determined distance,
Any one in multiple intensity set of pouring water pour water intensity set include it is every in multiple pour water intensity and multiple intensity of pouring water
Corresponding duration and the initial time of pouring water of pouring water of individual intensity of pouring water.
The executive agent of the present embodiment can be computer, and user can pass through the input-output equipment such as the keyboard of computer
To multiple intensity set, the primary condition of pouring water of computer input.
User in addition to above-mentioned several parameters are inputted into computer, can also input vaporous parameter, spatial mesh size etc. its
His parameter.For example, with reference to table 1, the parameter that user can input can be.
Table 1
Step 102：Set up the corresponding downstream condition equation of the equation title.
Downstream condition equation has the first downstream condition equation, the second downstream condition equation and the 3rd downstream condition
Three kinds of equation, user selects a kind of downstream condition equation and to the computer input downstream condition equation according to actual conditions
Equation title.
This step can be realized by following three step, be respectively：
1021：The equation is entitled determine head boundary when, set up the first downstream condition side shown in equation below (4)
Cheng Wei：
In formula (4) formula, hzIt is preset value to define head below,It is the Z location point in the i-th unit time period
Soil suction head；
1022：On the entitled flux border of the equation, the second downstream condition equation shown in equation below (5) is set up
For：
In formula (5), h is soil suction head, and α is soil to be tested and the angle of horizontal direction；K is soil hydraulic
Rate；σ (i) is that the lower boundary moisture energy σ (i) in the lower boundary Water Flux in the i-th unit time period, i-th of unit time period is
User's input is previously entered；Wherein,
KsIt is preset value for saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, h is soil suction head；θs、θrRespectively saturated aqueous rate and remaining aqueous
Rate, is preset value；A, n are parameter preset；
1023：On the entitled free drainage border of the equation, the 3rd downstream condition shown in equation below (6) is set up
Equation is：
Step 103：Include each pouring water the corresponding initial time of pouring water of intensity according to target intensity set of pouring water, really
Set the goal to pour water whether to be defined in i-th of unit time period in intensity set and pour water, target intensity set of pouring water is multiple pours water
Any one intensity set of pouring water in intensity set, the T of i=1,2,3 ..., T is the integer more than 0.
Step 104：Poured water if be not defined in i-th of unit time period, it is single i-th -1 according to each location point
The soil moisture content of position period calculates the top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in i-th of unit time periodAccording to this
Top layer average external volume moisture contentBuild coboundary equation, and the coboundary equation be equation below (1) shown in the i-th unit when
The target coboundary equation of section.
In formula (1), ES(i) it is the soil evaporation intensity in the i-th unit time period；θ1And θ2Respectively default top layer
Soil average external volume moisture content, ES0For default evaporation from water surface intensity, a, b are preset value.
This step can be：1., first according to the 1st location point the i-th -1 unit time period soil moisture content, the 2nd
Location point is in the soil moisture content of the i-th -1 unit time period and the 3rd location point in the soil moisture content of the i-th -1 unit time period, meter
Calculate the top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in i-th of unit time periodAnd according to the top layer average external volume moisture contentThe first upper boundary conditions equation as shown in formula (1) is first tentatively set up, wherein the 1st location point is located at soil to be tested
Surface.
It should be noted that：Now due to the top layer average external volume moisture contentIt is according in the i-th -1 unit time period
Soil moisture content calculates what is obtained, therefore the top layer average external volume moisture content calculatedMay not be in the i-th unit time period
Actual value, causes the first upper boundary conditions equation as shown in formula (1) tentatively set up may be wrong.Therefore, this step is also
Need to be corrected in the following way, trimming process is as follows：
2., the first upper boundary conditions equation then according to the downstream condition equation, as shown in formula (1) and as follows
Default soil moisture content changes in distribution model shown in formula (7), calculates each location point in the i-th unit time period
Between soil moisture content
A is preset value.
For example, it is assumed that the downstream condition equation set up in a step 102 is the second lower boundary bar as shown in formula (5)
Part equation, then calculate intermediate soil moisture content of each location point in the i-th unit time period according to formula (1), (5) and (7)
3., finally according to the 1st location point in the intermediate soil moisture content of the i-th unit time period, the 2nd location point i-th
The intermediate soil moisture content of unit time period and the 3rd location point are recalculated in the intermediate soil moisture content of the i-th unit time period
The top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in i-th of unit time periodTop layer average external volume according to recalculating contains
Water rateThe first upper boundary conditions equation as shown in formula (1) is rebuild, and is used as target coboundary equation.
Step 105：Poured water if be defined in i-th of unit time period, according to each location point in the i-th -1 unit time period
Soil moisture content sets up the target coboundary equation of the i-th unit time period.
The soil moisture content saturation and unsaturated two kinds of situations poured water in i-th of unit time period including upper soll layer,
The equation of the target upper boundary conditions of foundation under each case is different, process is set up in detail as follows：
1051：First assume that the soil moisture content of upper soll layer is unsaturated, i.e., the not up to saturation of the 1st location point, not
The second top conditional equation described in equation below (8) is set up under saturated conditions,
1052：The second upper boundary conditions equation and such as formula according to the downstream condition equation, as shown in formula (8)
(7) the default soil moisture content changes in distribution model shown in, calculates intermediate soil of each location point in the i-th unit time period
Moisture content
For example, it is assumed that the downstream condition equation set up in a step 102 is the second lower boundary bar as shown in formula (5)
Part equation, then calculate intermediate soil moisture content of each location point in the i-th unit time period according to formula (5), (8) and (7)
1053：If the 1st location point is in the intermediate soil moisture content of the i-th unit intervalLess than preset value θs, then
It is not up to saturation to determine earth's surface soil moisture content, then the second top conditional equation described in formula (8) is defined as in target
Side condition equation.
1054：If surface soil moisture content reaches saturation, the target upper boundary conditions equation built is equation below
(9) the 3rd coboundary equation shown in：
In formula,For the 1st head of the location point in i+1 unit time period；k1、k2Start for surface pond and tie
The beam moment；Zxjl (i+1), zxjl (i) are respectively the depth of accumulated water of earth's surface in i+1 and the i-th unit time period；ZXNL plants for earth's surface
It is default value by inereasing water area；RS (i+1) is the permeability model in i+1 unit time period, Dt (i+1) is the time step of i+1 unit time period；When surface pond is deep
When spending zxjl (i+1) less than surface vegetation inereasing water area ZXNL, the stagnant storage of runoff yield excess newly produced is acted on by the stagnant storage of vegetation on ground
Table, forms hydrostatic pressure head, numerically equal with depth of accumulated water；When earth's surface depth of accumulated water zxjl (i+1) is more than surface vegetation
During inereasing water area ZXNL, the ponding formation runoff more than earth's surface inereasing water area flows away, and now surface pond depth reaches maximum, number
It is equal with surface vegetation inereasing water area in value.
Step 106：Default soil according to the lower bound conditional equation, the target coboundary equation and formula (7)
Porous media variation model calculates the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time period.
This step can be：
The first step：It regard the soil moisture content of each location point in the i-th -1 unit time period as institute in i-th of unit time period
State the first soil moisture content of each location point
Second step：According to the lower bound conditional equation, the target coboundary equation and the default soil as shown in formula (7)
Porous media variation model calculates the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time periodBy i-th of unit
The soil moisture content of each location point in periodIt is used as the second soil moisture content
For example, it is assumed that the downstream condition equation set up in a step 102 is the second lower boundary bar as shown in formula (5)
Part equation, the target upper boundary conditions equation set up in step 105 is the second upper boundary conditions side as shown in formula (8)
Journey, then calculate soil moisture content of each location point in the i-th unit time period according to formula (5), (8) and (7)It is used as second
Soil moisture content
3rd step：Determine the first soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time periodWith the second soil water-containing
RateIt is to meet the condition shown in equation below (10), ε is the relative error allowed, is default value；
If meeting the condition shown in formula (10), it is determined that each soil of the location point in i-th of unit time period contains
Water rateEqual to the second moisture contentI.e.Terminate to return；
If being unsatisfactory for the condition shown in formula (10), by each location point second containing in i-th of unit time period
Water rateRespectively as the first moisture content in i-th of unit time periodI.e.It is then back to execution second step.
Step 107：According to the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time period, (2) calculate the as follows
The actual transpiration rate of crop in i unit time period
In formula (2),For soil moisture content of z-th of location point in i-th of unit time period, L (i) is crop
Growth length of the root system in the i-th unit time period, EC(i) it is the theoretical Transpiration Intensity of the i-th unit time period, Δ z is two neighboring
The distance between location point, Δ t is the duration of unit period, θmaxAnd θmaxTo be not preset value.Wherein, L (i)=- 4.4013
+0.7744i+0.00036i2。
The step of repeating above-mentioned steps 103 to 107 calculates the actual transpiration rate of the 1st unit time periodThe
The actual transpiration rate of 2 unit time periodsUntil calculating the actual transpiration rate of the T unit time periodShi Wei
Only.
Step 108：The actual transpiration rate of crop in each unit time period in T unit time periodAnd target
Intensity of pouring water set, as follows (3) calculate target and pour water the corresponding efficiency of water application f of intensity setm；
In formula (3), I (i) is the intensity of pouring water in i-th of unit time period that target is poured water defined in intensity set,
T (i) is pouring water the duration in the i-th unit time period.
For other intensity set of each pouring water, with above-mentioned target pour water strength set unification sample by above-mentioned steps 103 to
108 operation calculates other each corresponding efficiency of water application f of intensity set that pour waterm。
Step 109：The corresponding intensity set of pouring water of maximum efficiency of water application is selected from the plurality of intensity set of pouring water.
Step 110：Export each intensity and each intensity correspondence of pouring water of pouring water that the intensity set of pouring water of selection includes
Pour water and the duration and pour water initial time.
In embodiments of the present invention, by receiving multiple intensity set of pouring water that user inputs, each filling is then calculated
The corresponding efficiency of water application of water intensity set, the higher intensity set of pouring water of efficiency of water application, the water utilization rate caused is got over
Height, the lower intensity set of pouring water of efficiency of water application, the water utilization rate caused is lower.In the present embodiment, moisture is exported
Each pour water that utilization rate highest pours water that intensity set includes and each pours water that intensity is corresponding to pour water the duration at intensity
With initial time of pouring water, crop is poured water for user, so as to improve the utilization ratio of water resource.
The application example that the following present invention is provided.
In the application example, by taking the experimental field of wheat of North China as an example, it is allowed to maximum moisture content, minimum moisture content difference
0.296,0.08 is taken, soil hydrodynamic parameter see the table below 2.
Table 2
Consider the spatial and temporal distributions of root water uptake rate, root absorption vitality linearly changes with water suction depth, and calculation formula is such as
Under：
In formula, EC(t) it is transpiration intensity under water supply adequate condition；A is economic coefficient, takes 0.597；T is small from the winter
Number of days from wheat sowing day untill zero computing time.When t takes it is smaller when zr(t)<0, do not conform to the actual conditions, take zr(t)=0.
Evaporation among plants intensity considers influence of the soil average moisture content to evaporation in table soil 5cm, by winter wheat field test
Draw following relation：
In formula,For average external volume moisture content in topsoil 5cm；ES0For evaporation from water surface intensity.
The basic document of adequate water supply condition winter wheat theory Transpiration Intensity, see the table below 3：
Table 3
| Breeding time | Sow-survive the winter | Survive the winter-turn green | Turn green-jointing | Jointing-heading | Heading-maturation |
| Number of days/d | 78 | 114 | 153 | 185 | 230 |
| ES0/mm/d | 0.53 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.27 | 0.23 |
| EC/mm/d | 0.37 | 0.57 | 1.23 | 3.52 | 3.78 |
Spatial mesh size takes 4cm, simulation soil depth position 200cm, and downstream condition is free drainage border, simulates duration
230d is given birth to for whole wheat, time step takes 0.01d, and earth's surface maximum depth of accumulated water takes 1cm, and surface slope is 0, and maximum permits
Perhaps error takes 0.0001.
The irrigation frequency and intensity of input are received, that is, obtains intensity set of pouring water as shown in table 4 below：
Table 4
Table 5 below is calculates the efficiency of water application of each obtained combination, it can thus be appreciated that irrigation frequency is 30d, intensity of pouring water
It is optimal for 4.4cm combination.
Table 5
| Intensity of pouring water set | Efficiency of water application |
| Set 1 | 0.6514 |
| Set 2 | 0.6596 |
| Set 3 | 0.6935 |
| Set 4 | 0.8216 |
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the 114th day, 153 days, 230 days soil profile moisture content point under optimal irrigation frequency and intensity
Cloth and the distribution of soil suction head.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing that all or part of step of above-described embodiment can be by hardware
To complete, the hardware of correlation can also be instructed to complete by program, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable
In storage medium, storage medium mentioned above can be read-only storage, disk or CD etc..
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of determination method of irrigation frequency and intensity, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
Receive multiple intensity set of pouring water of user's input, it is the equation title of downstream condition equation, every in T unit time period
Z in the theoretical Transpiration Intensity of individual unit time period, the lower boundary Water Flux and soil to be tested of each unit time period
Each location point is in the soil moisture content of the 0th unit time period in location point, and the Z location point be located on the same line and institute
State straight line in the surface of the soil to be tested, the Z location point between adjacent two positions point at intervals of default
Distance, any one intensity set of pouring water in the multiple intensity set of pouring water includes multiple pour water intensity and the multiple fillings
Corresponding duration and the initial time of pouring water of pouring water of each intensity of pouring water in water intensity；
Set up the corresponding downstream condition equation of the equation title；
Include each pouring water the corresponding initial time of pouring water of intensity according to target intensity set of pouring water, determine that the target is poured water
Whether it is defined in i-th of unit time period and pours water in intensity set, target intensity set of pouring water is the multiple to pour water strong
Any one intensity set of pouring water in degree set, the T of i=1,2,3 ..., T is the integer more than 0；
Poured water if be not defined in i-th of unit time period, according to each location point the i-th -1 unit time period soil
Earth moisture content calculates the top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in i-th of unit time periodAccording to the average body in the top layer
Product moisture contentCoboundary equation is built, and the coboundary equation is the target of the i-th unit time period shown in equation below (1)
Coboundary equation：
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In formula (1), ES(i) it is the soil evaporation intensity in the i-th unit time period；θ1And θ2Respectively default topsoil
Average external volume moisture content, ES0For default evaporation from water surface intensity, a, b are preset value；
Poured water if be defined in i-th of unit time period, according to each location point the i-th -1 unit time period soil water-containing
Rate sets up the target coboundary equation of the i-th unit time period；
Calculated according to the lower bound conditional equation, target coboundary equation and default soil moisture content changes in distribution model
The soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time period；
According to the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time period, (2) calculate i-th of unit as follows
The actual transpiration rate of crop in period
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In formula (2),For soil moisture content of z-th of location point in i-th of unit time period, L (i) is that crop root exists
Growth length in i-th of unit time period, EC(i) it is the theoretical Transpiration Intensity of the i-th unit time period, Δ z is two neighboring position
The distance between point, Δ t is the duration of unit period, A, θmaxAnd θmaxTo be not preset value；
The actual transpiration rate of crop in each unit time period in T unit time periodPoured water strength set with the target
Close, (3) calculate the target and poured water the corresponding efficiency of water application f of intensity set as followsm；
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In formula (3), I (i) is the intensity of pouring water in i-th of unit time period that the target is poured water defined in intensity set, t
(i) it is pouring water the duration in the i-th unit time period；
The corresponding intensity set of pouring water of maximum efficiency of water application is selected from the multiple intensity set of pouring water；
Export each pour water intensity and the corresponding filling of each intensity of pouring water that the intensity set of pouring water of the selection includes
Water duration and initial time of pouring water.
2. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described to set up the corresponding downstream condition side of the equation title
Journey, including：
The equation is entitled determine head boundary when, setting up the first downstream condition equation shown in equation below (4) is：
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On the entitled flux border of the equation, setting up the second downstream condition equation shown in equation below (5) is：
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In formula (5), h is soil suction head, and α is the angle between the soil and horizontal plane to be tested；K leads for soil
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On the entitled free drainage border of the equation, setting up the 3rd downstream condition equation shown in equation below (6) is：
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3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that it is described according to each location point in the i-th -1 unit time period
Soil moisture content calculate i-th of unit time period in soil to be tested top layer average external volume moisture contentIt is flat according to the top layer
Equal volumetric water contentCoboundary equation is built, and the coboundary equation is the i-th unit time period shown in equation below (1)
Target coboundary equation, including：
According to the 1st location point the soil moisture content of the i-th -1 unit time period, the 2nd location point the i-th -1 unit time period soil
Earth moisture content and the 3rd location point are calculated to be tested in i-th of unit time period in the soil moisture content of the i-th -1 unit time period
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Shown in the first upper boundary conditions equation and equation below (7) according to the downstream condition equation, as shown in formula (1)
Default soil moisture content changes in distribution model, calculate each location point and contain in the intermediate soil of the i-th unit time period
Water rate
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According to the 1st location point in the intermediate soil moisture content of the i-th unit time period, the 2nd location point in the i-th unit time period
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The top layer average external volume moisture content of soil to be tested in sectionAccording to the top layer average external volume moisture content recalculatedAgain
Build the target coboundary equation as shown in formula (1).
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that if described be defined in i-th of unit time period is poured water, according to
Each location point sets up the target coboundary equation of the i-th unit time period in the soil moisture content of the i-th -1 unit time period, bag
Include：
The second top conditional equation described in equation below (8) is set up,
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The second upper boundary conditions equation according to the downstream condition equation, as shown in formula (8) and as shown in formula (7)
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Rate
If the 1st location point is in the intermediate soil moisture content of the i-th unit intervalLess than preset value θs, it is determined that earth's surface
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5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that methods described also includes：
If surface soil moisture content reaches saturation, the target upper boundary conditions equation built is shown in equation below (9)
3rd coboundary equation：
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<mi>x</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo><</mo>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>X</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>X</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Z</mi>
<mi>X</mi>
<mi>N</mi>
<mi>L</mi>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mfenced>
<mn>......</mn>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>9</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
In formula,For the 1st head of the location point in i+1 unit time period；k1、k2At the beginning and end of surface pond
Carve；Zxjl (i+1), zxjl (i) are respectively the depth of accumulated water of earth's surface in i+1 and the i-th unit time period；ZXNL is that surface vegetation is stagnant
Accumulation of energy power, is default value；RS (i+1) is the permeability model in i+1 unit time period, Dt (i+1) is the time step of i+1 unit time period；When surface pond is deep
When spending zxjl (i+1) less than surface vegetation inereasing water area ZXNL, the stagnant storage of runoff yield excess newly produced is acted on by the stagnant storage of vegetation on ground
Table, forms hydrostatic pressure head, numerically equal with depth of accumulated water；When earth's surface depth of accumulated water zxjl (i+1) is more than surface vegetation
During inereasing water area ZXNL, the ponding formation runoff more than earth's surface inereasing water area flows away, and now surface pond depth reaches maximum, number
It is equal with surface vegetation inereasing water area in value.
6. the method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described according to the lower bound conditional equation, the target top
The soil that boundary's equation and default soil moisture content changes in distribution model calculate each location point in i-th of unit time period contains
Water rate, including：
The first step：It regard the soil moisture content of each location point in the i-th -1 unit time period as institute in i-th of unit time period
State the first soil moisture content of each location point
Second step：According to the lower bound conditional equation, target coboundary equation and default soil moisture content changes in distribution
Model calculates the soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time periodWill be described in i-th of unit time period
The soil moisture content of each location pointIt is used as the second soil moisture content
3rd step：Determine the first soil moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time periodWith the second soil water-containing
RateIt is to meet the condition shown in equation below (10), ε is the relative error allowed, is default value；
<mrow>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>x</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mo>|</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>-</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&theta;</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
</mfrac>
<mo>|</mo>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&le;</mo>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mn>......</mn>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>10</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>;</mo>
</mrow>
If meeting the condition shown in formula (10), it is determined that each soil moisture content of the location point in i-th of unit time period
Equal to the second moisture contentI.e.
If being unsatisfactory for the condition shown in formula (10), by second moisture content of each location point in i-th of unit time periodRespectively as the first moisture content in i-th of unit time periodI.e.It is then back to execution second step.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102726273A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-17 | 中农先飞（北京）农业工程技术有限公司 | Decision-making method for soil moisture monitoring and intelligent irrigation of root zone of crop |
| CN104620945A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-20 | 石河子大学 | Land irrigation quota determining method |
| CN105210801A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 张凡 | Irrigation opportunity and irrigate method for determination of amount and device |
| US20160198645A1 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-07-14 | Sean B. Weatherill | Irrigation control systems and methods |
| CN106613783A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-05-10 | 河北农业大学 | Universal intelligent irrigation system and control method thereof |
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2017
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102726273A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-17 | 中农先飞（北京）农业工程技术有限公司 | Decision-making method for soil moisture monitoring and intelligent irrigation of root zone of crop |
| CN104620945A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-05-20 | 石河子大学 | Land irrigation quota determining method |
| US20160198645A1 (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2016-07-14 | Sean B. Weatherill | Irrigation control systems and methods |
| CN105210801A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 张凡 | Irrigation opportunity and irrigate method for determination of amount and device |
| CN106613783A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2017-05-10 | 河北农业大学 | Universal intelligent irrigation system and control method thereof |
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