CN115039676B - Irrigation method and system - Google Patents
Irrigation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115039676B CN115039676B CN202210733884.6A CN202210733884A CN115039676B CN 115039676 B CN115039676 B CN 115039676B CN 202210733884 A CN202210733884 A CN 202210733884A CN 115039676 B CN115039676 B CN 115039676B
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 203
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012098 association analyses Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013014 water-saving technology Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention provides an irrigation method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: collecting soil information and environment information to obtain effective water storage capacity and effective water storage capacity of soil; obtaining the water consumption of the crops according to the soil information, obtaining weather information within a preset day range, and obtaining simulated evaporation transpiration within the preset day range according to the soil information, the environment information and the weather information; calculating crop coefficients according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration, and obtaining a daily water consumption predicted value of the crops within a preset day range according to the crop coefficients and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration; and obtaining irrigation time and irrigation water quantity according to the soil effective water storage quantity, the soil effective Chu Shuineng force and the daily water consumption predicted value of crops, and further controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate. According to the invention, reasonable irrigation is realized by acquiring actual conditions and demands of soil and crops, reliable data support is provided for irrigation time and water quantity, and the water resource utilization rate and irrigation efficiency are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to an irrigation method and system.
Background
China is a large agricultural country, and irrigation is one of the most important activities in agricultural production. Meanwhile, the water for agricultural irrigation is about 60% of the water supply of the whole country in China, however, the efficiency of the water for irrigation is only about 45%, which is far lower than the average level of developed countries. Therefore, the development of the irrigation water-saving technology can not only cope with the shortage of water resources and relieve the crisis of water resources, but also has important significance for guaranteeing agricultural production, realizing efficient and accurate agriculture and further guaranteeing the grain safety of China.
At present, most domestic farmland irrigation adopts modes such as furrow irrigation and flood irrigation, and irrigators judge whether the farmland needs to be irrigated by personal experience to determine the irrigation quantity. Or a semi-automatic irrigation control system is adopted, and the irrigation time and the irrigation quantity are set in a time control mode usually by experience. These irrigation methods are all comparatively coarse, do not have quantitative real-time supervision, lack sufficient data basis, can appear that the irrigation is insufficient or irrigate frequently inadequately, can not provide sufficient water resource for the crop, or irrigate too much and then the runoff runs off, leads to irrigation water utilization ratio low cause the problem of water resource waste, can't reach accurate irrigation and water conservation's purpose. Meanwhile, the automation degree of the irrigation system is low, the dependence on manpower is high, and large-scale agricultural production cannot be realized.
With the development of irrigation technology in recent years, a series of intelligent irrigation systems are also on the market. The intelligent irrigation system converts traditional manual irrigation into intelligent management of farmlands by combining intelligent and digital technical means and depending on management platforms such as mobile equipment and the like and wireless communication technology. The method is characterized in that the farmland soil state and the crop growth state are visually monitored, and data such as soil moisture content, solar illumination intensity, rainfall and the like are collected in real time and analyzed, so that the purposes of science, dynamic management and automatic irrigation are realized. However, even so, existing intelligent irrigation still has a number of problems. For example, the improvement of water delivery efficiency is paid much attention, and research on crop demand is lacking; the calculation of soil water storage capacity is unreliable, conventionally used tools are difficult to obtain the historical average value of crop evaporation and transpiration, and most of the existing intelligent irrigation systems are pseudo-intelligent. Under the condition that soil water storage, crop water demand and real water consumption are not known, only meteorological and soil moisture content data are input, and the intelligent terminal is operated, so that the problem of low water resource utilization rate can not be fundamentally solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the technical problems, the invention provides an irrigation method and system.
An embodiment of the present invention provides, in a first aspect, an irrigation method, the method comprising:
collecting soil information and environment information, and obtaining effective water storage capacity and effective water storage capacity of soil according to the soil information and the environment information;
obtaining water consumption of a crop according to soil information, obtaining weather information within a preset day range, and obtaining simulated evaporation transpiration within the preset day range according to the soil information, environment information and the weather information, wherein the simulated evaporation transpiration comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating crop coefficients according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration, and obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of the crops within a preset day range according to the crop coefficients and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of soil and the predicted daily water consumption of crops;
obtaining irrigation water quantity according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and controlling the irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and deploying layered multi-depth soil moisture sensors at different depths of the soil, and collecting soil information and environment information through the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensors.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the soil effective water storage capacity and the soil effective water storage capacity comprises the following steps:
obtaining field water holding capacity and crop withering coefficients according to the soil information and the environment information;
and obtaining the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil according to the field water holding capacity and the crop wilting coefficient.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops comprises the following steps:
acquiring a daily reference evaporation transpiration quantity within a preset day range according to soil information, environment information and meteorological information;
calculating a daily simulated evaporation transpiration according to the daily reference evaporation transpiration, wherein the daily simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value comprises a daily simulated evaporation transpiration actual value and a daily simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value;
removing data which do not meet preset standards from the water consumption of crops to obtain the daily real water consumption of crops;
obtaining crop coefficients according to the actual daily simulated evaporation and transpiration value and the daily real water consumption of crops;
and obtaining the daily water consumption predicted value of the crops according to the daily simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value and the crop coefficient.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops further comprises:
and obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of crops in the T+1th irrigation period through the crop coefficient in the T irrigation period.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
monitoring the actual irrigation water quantity of the irrigation equipment;
and controlling the irrigation equipment to stop irrigation when the actual irrigation water quantity reaches the irrigation water quantity obtained according to the soil effective water storage capacity and the soil effective water storage capacity.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an irrigation system, the system comprising an acquisition module, a processing module, and a control module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring soil information and environment information;
the processing module comprises a processor, wherein the processor is internally provided with operation instructions executable by the processor to execute the following operations:
obtaining water consumption of a crop according to soil information, obtaining weather information within a preset day range, and obtaining simulated evaporation transpiration within the preset day range according to the soil information, environment information and the weather information, wherein the simulated evaporation transpiration comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating crop coefficients according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration, and obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of the crops within a preset day range according to the crop coefficients and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of soil and the predicted daily water consumption of crops;
obtaining irrigation water quantity according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and the control module is used for controlling the irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
Preferably, the acquisition module is a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor.
Preferably, the control module is a switch controller for controlling the on-off state of the irrigation equipment and the irrigation pipe.
Preferably, the system further comprises a flow monitoring module for monitoring the actual irrigation water volume of the irrigation device,
the processing module comprises a processor, wherein the processor is internally provided with operation instructions executable by the processor to execute the following operations:
and when the actual irrigation water quantity reaches the irrigation water quantity obtained according to the soil effective water storage capacity and the soil effective water storage capacity, controlling the irrigation equipment to stop irrigation through the control module.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the irrigation method provided by the invention, firstly, the effective water storage capacity of soil is obtained according to soil information and environment information, then, the daily water consumption predicted value of crops is obtained according to crop coefficients and the simulated evaporation and transpiration predicted value, and finally, the irrigation water quantity and irrigation time are obtained. According to the invention, reasonable irrigation is realized by acquiring actual conditions and demands of soil and crops, reliable data support is provided for irrigation time and irrigation water quantity, and the water resource utilization rate and irrigation efficiency are improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation to the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the irrigation method according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an irrigation system according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of effective water storage capacity and water storage potential of soil layers with different depths in a specific example;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing rainfall and evaporation transpiration prediction for a preset number of days in the future in a specific example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present application is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application and not exhaustive of all the embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment proposes an irrigation method, which includes:
s101, collecting soil information and environment information, and obtaining the effective water storage capacity and the effective water storage capacity of the soil according to the soil information and the environment information.
The effective water storage capacity of the soil reflects the water storage capacity of the soil, is a water storage space between the field water holding capacity of the soil and the water content of the stress points of crops, and is a numerical value related to the soil texture structure, the plant root growth dynamic depth and the root system/soil water potential balance.
The effective water storage capacity of the soil is the water storage space between the water content of the current soil and the water content of the stress points of crops, and determines the water content available for plants in the current soil.
The embodiment obtains the effective water storage capacity and the effective water storage capacity of the soil by collecting the soil information and the environment information. The soil information and the environment information are collected in a sensor deployment mode. Specifically, in this embodiment, a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor is deployed in advance in a field, where the deployment position of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor needs to be comprehensively determined according to multiple factors such as crop planting, topography, soil, irrigation modes, and the like. The present embodiment specifically illustrates the deployment of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor by the following various scenarios.
(1) Determining the types of crops, and selecting layered multi-depth soil moisture sensors with different specifications according to the types of the crops;
(2) According to the crop types, knowing the root system distribution, and selecting a position close to the water absorption of the crop root system to deploy a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor;
(3) For conventional crops, selecting an area which can represent most soil characteristics in each rotation irrigation group, requiring land parcels to be flat and free of low-lying ponding, keeping a certain distance from water environments such as water pits and pools, and avoiding the influence of water side seepage on the soil water content. Meanwhile, according to the drought and waterlogging sensitivity difference of crops on soil moisture, the position where drought and waterlogging occur most easily in a land block can be selected as a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor deployment position;
(4) Determining irrigation wetting area distribution, such as in a flood irrigation system, selecting positions near the main water absorption root systems of crops; in the drip irrigation system, besides selecting a position close to the main water absorption root system of crops, the drip irrigation system is required to be deployed in a wetting area, and a position centered between two adjacent micro spray heads or drippers of the same branch pipe is recommended;
(5) The crop growth distribution is determined, and the deployment of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor needs to select the positions where the crop growth is balanced and can represent the vast majority of crop growth.
Soil information and environmental information are collected through a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor, so that the field water holding capacity and the crop wilting coefficient can be obtained. The field water holding capacity refers to the stable soil water content which can be maintained by a soil profile after a certain time (generally sand, loam and clay are sampled 24 hours after water filling, 48 hours or more) is the upper limit of the soil water available for most crops after the soil with deep groundwater and good water drainage is fully filled or precipitation, the water is allowed to sufficiently infiltrate and the water is prevented from evaporating.
After the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor is deployed, if foreseeable full irrigation or precipitation occurs, waiting for the full irrigation or precipitation to occur so as to obtain the field water holding capacity, or manually carrying out local full irrigation around the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor, so that the field water holding capacity can be obtained.
The crop withering coefficient is the water content of the soil when the crop starts to permanently wither, and is an important index for determining the effective water content of the soil. In practical agricultural production, drought tests are unlikely to be deliberately made to obtain the crop withering coefficients of crops at different soil textures at different growth periods. But through the dynamic collection of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor, the soil moisture content state of each soil layer can be found out when the crop root system gradually reduces the moisture absorbed from the soil until the moisture is difficult to be absorbed from the soil.
According to the field water holding capacity and the crop withering coefficient, the dynamic soil effective water storage capacity can be calculated and obtained. And then analyzing the depth of the main water consumption root system of the crops according to the water absorption condition of the crops in the soil with multiple depths. Thus, the effective water storage capacity of the soil is that in the soil above the depth of the main water consumption root system of the crops in the time period of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor acquisition, the field water holding capacity is higher than the soil water storage space of the crop withering coefficient. The effective water yield of the soil is the soil water storage space with the current soil water content higher than the crop wilting coefficient.
S102, obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining weather information within a preset day range, and obtaining simulated evaporation transpiration within the preset day range according to the soil information, the environment information and the weather information;
and S103, calculating crop coefficients according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration, and obtaining a daily water consumption predicted value of the crops within a preset day range according to the crop coefficients and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration.
The predicted daily water consumption of the crops is the product of the predicted simulated evaporation transpiration value and the crop coefficient of each day at the same place within a plurality of days in the future, and the predicted daily water consumption of the crops is the sum of the predicted daily water consumption of the crops within a plurality of days in the future. The simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value is a reference evaporation transpiration with continuous time history covering the whole area after interpolation (position interpolation and time interpolation). The acquisition of the simulated transpiration prediction requires knowledge of weather information, such as precipitation, illumination, temperature, etc., over days in the past, present and future. Then, interpolation calculation is carried out according to the soil information, the environment information and the meteorological information to obtain a daily simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value. The estimated daily simulated evaporation transpiration value can be divided into an actual daily simulated evaporation transpiration value and an estimated daily simulated evaporation transpiration value according to the time of weather information acquisition. The actual daily simulated evaporation transpiration value is the actual simulated evaporation transpiration in the past period of time, and the predicted daily simulated evaporation transpiration value is the predicted simulated evaporation transpiration in the future period of time.
The crop coefficient is a crop coefficient which is extracted based on measured data and represents the relationship between the water consumption of the specific crop and the local atmosphere and is oriented to the specific crop, the specific area and the specific irrigation mode. The soil information acquired by the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor can obtain the crop water consumption of each day, the data that the soil evaporation and the crop transpiration consume the soil moisture can not be fully performed due to the fact that the water content in the crop water consumption is too high or too low (usually, the end day of irrigation, the next day or the previous day of the next irrigation day) and the cloudy day, rainfall and the like are removed, so that the real crop water consumption is obtained, and then the crop coefficient can be calculated and obtained: the actual daily water consumption/daily simulated evaporation and transpiration values of crops. And then obtaining the daily water consumption predicted value of the crops according to the crop coefficient and the daily simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value.
In this embodiment, the crop coefficient is a slowly varying and relatively stable data, so that the crop coefficient obtained by calculation in the immediately previous period is used as the basis for calculating the daily water consumption predicted value of the next crop.
S104, obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of soil and the daily water consumption predicted value of crops;
s105, obtaining irrigation water quantity according to the soil effective water storage capacity and the soil effective water storage capacity.
Specifically, the effective water storage capacity of the soil, the predicted daily water consumption of crops and the next irrigation time are updated in real time as dynamic values, and the predicted daily water consumption of the crops and the effective water yield of the current soil are dynamically compared, so that the latest starting time of the next irrigation is calculated. If the irrigation is decided, the irrigation water quantity is obtained by calculating the difference between the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil.
And S106, controlling the irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
In addition, the present embodiment can also monitor the actual irrigation water amount of the irrigation device, and control the irrigation device and the irrigation pipe to stop irrigation when the actual irrigation water amount reaches the irrigation water amount obtained according to the soil effective Chu Shuineng force and the soil effective water storage amount.
According to the irrigation method provided by the embodiment, the effective water storage capacity of the soil is obtained according to the soil information and the environment information, the daily water consumption predicted value of crops is obtained according to the crop coefficient and the simulated evaporation and transpiration predicted value, and finally the irrigation water quantity and the irrigation time are obtained. According to the invention, reasonable irrigation is realized by acquiring actual conditions and demands of soil and crops, reliable data support is provided for irrigation time and irrigation water quantity, and the water resource utilization rate and irrigation efficiency are improved.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment proposes an irrigation system, which includes an acquisition module, a processing module, and a control module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring soil information and environment information;
the processing module comprises a processor, wherein the processor is internally provided with operation instructions executable by the processor to execute the following operations:
obtaining water consumption of a crop according to soil information, obtaining weather information within a preset day range, and obtaining simulated evaporation transpiration within the preset day range according to the soil information, environment information and the weather information, wherein the simulated evaporation transpiration comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating crop coefficients according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration, and obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of the crops within a preset day range according to the crop coefficients and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of soil and the predicted daily water consumption of crops;
obtaining irrigation water quantity according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and the control module is used for controlling the irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the collection module is a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor. The control module is a switch controller, and can control the opening and closing of an electromagnetic switch or other types of switches in a wired or wireless mode, so as to control irrigation equipment and irrigation pipelines to irrigate and control irrigation water quantity. The system also includes a flow monitoring module for monitoring an actual irrigation water volume of the irrigation device. The processing module comprises a processor, wherein the processor is internally provided with operation instructions executable by the processor to execute the following operations: and when the actual irrigation water quantity reaches the irrigation water quantity obtained according to the soil effective water storage capacity and the soil effective water storage capacity, controlling the irrigation equipment to stop irrigation through the control module.
The irrigation method proposed by the present invention is further described below with specific examples.
The acquisition module is realized by adopting a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor with the model number of ET 100. The layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor is of a tubular integrated structure and comprises a multi-depth soil moisture sensing unit, a power module and a data acquisition and transmission module, wherein the external solar panel is used for supplying power to support long-time work. The temperature sensor and the moisture sensor are deployed at different depths of the pipe body, for example, one moisture sensor is deployed every 10cm, 10 depths are deployed in total, then the moisture content data of 10 different soil depths can be collected simultaneously, the data are homologous, and the data association analysis and verification can be performed.
According to the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor deployed in the field, dynamic soil effective water storage capacity and soil effective water storage capacity can be obtained, as shown in fig. 3. The left side curve is the lowest water content of the history of each depth of soil after crop planting of actual measurement, the right side curve is the highest water content of the history of each depth of soil after crop planting of actual measurement, and the middle curve is the current water content of each depth of soil of actual measurement. The gray scale area between the lowest historical water content and the current water content is the effective water storage capacity of the soil, and the gray scale area between the highest historical water content and the current water content is the water storage potential of the soil. In consideration of the field water holding capacity and the crop withering coefficient which cannot be truly simulated, the lowest historical water content and the highest historical water content are used as actual references.
In fig. 3, the depth of the main water consumption root system of the crop is 30mm, and the effective water storage capacity of the soil is that the depth of the main water consumption root system of the crop, namely the soil field water holding capacity of the soil above 30mm is higher than the soil water storage space with the wilting coefficient of the crop in the acquisition time period. According to the graph shown in FIG. 3, the effective water storage capacity of the soil is 27mm and the water storage potential of the soil is 51mm in 6 months and 6 days currently, the effective water storage capacity of the soil is 78mm, namely the soil can store 78mm of water at most in the soil within the range of the maximum root depth of the crops from the surface road currently.
By combining the data of the future 7-day reference evaporation transpiration prediction graph shown in fig. 4, and taking the future daily reference evaporation transpiration as a future crop daily water consumption reference, the daily evaporation transpiration of the future 7 days (6 months, 6 days, 6 months and 12 days) is respectively as follows: 8.21mm,6.62mm,6.05mm,4.27mm,3.58mm,4.42mm,4.6mm, and the total evaporation and transpiration for 7 days is 37.75mm. In combination with the rainfall prediction, rainfall prediction was 2.62mm,1.14mm,19.85mm, and 7 days 23.61mm on day 6, day 10, and day 12, respectively.
According to the daily reference evaporation transpiration quantity and the daily rainfall prediction, the current effective soil water storage quantity can meet the 24.97mm water consumption of crops in the future 5 days, and the rainfall comprises 28.73mm and 3.76mm of evaporation transpiration. However, the water consumption of 29.39mm for 6 days in the future cannot be satisfied, and therefore, the next irrigation time is recommended to be earlier than 6 months and 10 days. If irrigation is performed at this time, it is recommended that the irrigation water amount is not more than 51mm.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to cover such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A method of irrigation, the method comprising:
collecting soil information and environment information, and obtaining effective water storage capacity and effective water storage capacity of soil according to the soil information and the environment information;
obtaining water consumption of a crop according to soil information, obtaining weather information within a preset day range, and obtaining simulated evaporation transpiration within the preset day range according to the soil information, environment information and the weather information, wherein the simulated evaporation transpiration comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating crop coefficients according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration, and obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of the crops within a preset day range according to the crop coefficients and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of soil and the predicted daily water consumption of crops;
obtaining irrigation water quantity according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
controlling the irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity;
the process for obtaining the effective water storage capacity and the effective water storage capacity of the soil comprises the following steps:
obtaining field water holding capacity and crop withering coefficients according to the soil information and the environment information;
obtaining the effective water storage capacity and the effective water storage capacity of the soil according to the field water holding capacity and the crop wilting coefficient;
the process for obtaining the daily water consumption predicted value of the crops comprises the following steps:
acquiring a daily reference evaporation transpiration quantity within a preset day range according to soil information, environment information and meteorological information;
calculating the daily simulated evaporation transpiration according to the daily reference evaporation transpiration, wherein the daily simulated evaporation transpiration comprises a daily simulated evaporation transpiration actual value and a daily simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value;
removing data which do not meet preset standards from the water consumption of crops to obtain the daily real water consumption of crops;
obtaining crop coefficients according to the actual daily simulated evaporation and transpiration value and the daily real water consumption of crops;
obtaining a daily water consumption predicted value of the crops according to the daily simulated evaporation transpiration predicted value and the crop coefficient;
the process for obtaining the daily water consumption predicted value of the crops further comprises the following steps:
and obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of crops in the T+1th irrigation period through the crop coefficient in the T irrigation period.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
and deploying layered multi-depth soil moisture sensors at different depths of the soil, and collecting soil information and environment information through the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensors.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
monitoring the actual irrigation water quantity of the irrigation equipment;
and controlling the irrigation equipment to stop irrigation when the actual irrigation water quantity reaches the irrigation water quantity obtained according to the soil effective water storage capacity and the soil effective water storage capacity.
4. An irrigation system, wherein the system implements the irrigation method according to any of claims 1 to 3, the system comprising an acquisition module, a processing module, and a control module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring soil information and environment information;
the processing module comprises a processor, wherein the processor is internally provided with operation instructions executable by the processor to execute the following operations:
obtaining water consumption of a crop according to soil information, obtaining weather information within a preset day range, and obtaining simulated evaporation transpiration within the preset day range according to the soil information, environment information and the weather information, wherein the simulated evaporation transpiration comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating crop coefficients according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration, and obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of the crops within a preset day range according to the crop coefficients and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation and transpiration;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of soil and the predicted daily water consumption of crops;
obtaining irrigation water quantity according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and the control module is used for controlling the irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the acquisition module is a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the control module is a switch controller for controlling the on-off status of the irrigation equipment and irrigation pipe.
7. The system of claim 4, further comprising a flow monitoring module for monitoring an actual irrigation water volume of the irrigation device,
the processing module comprises a processor, wherein the processor is internally provided with operation instructions executable by the processor to execute the following operations:
and when the actual irrigation water quantity reaches the irrigation water quantity obtained according to the soil effective water storage capacity and the soil effective water storage capacity, controlling the irrigation equipment to stop irrigation through the control module.
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| CN116831015A (en) * | 2023-07-27 | 2023-10-03 | 易维集控(北京)园林科技有限公司 | Decision-making method, system and computing equipment for scientific water conservation of autonomous irrigation |
| CN116686689B (en) * | 2023-08-01 | 2024-03-19 | 中山大学 | Irrigation control method, system and medium considering soil and atmosphere dual stress effect |
| CN117678506B (en) * | 2024-02-02 | 2024-04-26 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Visual irrigation decision-making auxiliary system based on weather forecast and control method |
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