CN115349432A - Intelligent irrigation method and system based on optical radiation and meteorological prediction - Google Patents
Intelligent irrigation method and system based on optical radiation and meteorological prediction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent irrigation method based on optical radiation and meteorological prediction, which completes an intelligent irrigation decision in a qualitative and quantitative combined mode to achieve an irrigation target. Step S10: collecting the water content w of soil: step S20: if the soil moisture content w is less than a preset critical value w 0 Then collecting the illumination intensity data and calculating the accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 And predicting the total amount of light radiation R of the future 5 days 1 According to said cumulative light radiation quantity R i+1 And total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Determining whether to execute the irrigation command: if the accumulated light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Greater than a predetermined total amount R 0 Executing sufficient irrigation commands; if the cumulative light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Less than or equal to the preset total amount R 0 Executing a quantitative irrigation command;if the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 And (5) delaying irrigation when the value is less than or equal to a preset value R.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent irrigation, in particular to an intelligent irrigation method and system based on optical radiation and meteorological prediction.
Background
With the increasing demand of material culture and spiritual culture, the industries related to the life and habit, such as clothes, food, live, lines, employment, entertainment, families, communities, companies, tourism and the like, are rapidly developed, wherein the enrichment of food categories depends on the agricultural development, and with the agricultural development, the irrigation technology and the greenhouse crop planting technology are widely applied. The utilization ratio of the traditional irrigation technology to fresh water is low, so that the demand of the fresh water in irrigation is large, and the water-saving irrigation technology is produced due to the shortage of fresh water resources. In the greenhouse crop planting technology, the greenhouse facility environment has the characteristic of being relatively closed, and rain, snow and the like are not leached, so that irrigation is the most main moisture source in the greenhouse crop planting process.
Modern agricultural irrigation technologies such as sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation make greenhouse crop irrigation efficiency promote by a wide margin, but above irrigation technology relies on artificial experience to accomplish more, lacks intelligent technical support, consequently, researches intelligent irrigation under greenhouse planting condition, to improving irrigation moisture production efficiency, improve the aspect such as crop quality, increase of production and have important realistic meaning.
In the prior art, an intelligent irrigation system comprises an illumination monitoring device and an irrigation control system. The illumination monitoring device is placed at an environment monitoring node in the facility and used for acquiring illumination intensity data in the facility. The irrigation control system carries out data acquisition to the illumination monitoring devices regularly, and calculate the illumination intensity data accumulation of gathering and obtain the light radiation accumulative energy, compare the light radiation accumulative energy in the settlement time quantum with preset critical energy, when light radiation accumulative energy is greater than preset critical energy, irrigation control system carries out preset irrigation strategy, and send signal to the irrigation switch board, the solenoid valve of the corresponding conduit that the corresponding facility of control is opened, irrigate to the crop in the facility, reach the irrigation requirement that the irrigation strategy set for, the solenoid valve is closed, accomplish this irrigation, wait to get into next irrigation.
In production application, the irrigation strategy only calculates the light radiation accumulation of the greenhouse or the shed through measurement, and determines the irrigation quota and the irrigation duration through the water demand condition of crops. The irrigation strategy only considers the light radiation of the greenhouse or the greenhouse, but does not consider the adverse effect on the greenhouse or greenhouse crops caused by irrigation in cloudy days, rainy days, snowy days or before rainy and snowy days, so that the temperature in the greenhouse or the greenhouse is lower, the humidity is too high, the stress resistance of plants is weakened, crop diseases and insect pests are caused, the crop yield and quality are influenced, and the reasonable irrigation decision is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for achieving high-quality and high-efficiency irrigation by fusing and applying multiple factors and finishing intelligent irrigation decision in a qualitative and quantitative combined mode aiming at the characteristics of multiplicity, nonlinearity and time variability of irrigation control tasks. Another purpose is to provide an intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation quantity combined with future weather forecast, avoid the adverse effects of the weather with weak illumination intensity such as cloudy days, rainy days, snowy days and the like on the irrigation of crops, enable irrigation management measures to be more scientific, reasonable, convenient and feasible, and meet the actual production requirements.
The specific content of the invention is as follows: an intelligent irrigation method based on optical radiation and meteorological prediction comprises the following steps:
step S10: collecting the soil moisture content w:
step S20: if the soil moisture content w is less than a preset critical value w 0 Then collecting the illumination intensity data and calculating the accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 And predicting the total amount of light radiation R of the future 5 days 1 According to said cumulative light radiation quantity R i+1 And total amount of light radiation R of 5 days in the future 1 Determining whether to execute an irrigation command:
if the accumulated light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Greater than a predetermined total amount R 0 Executing a sufficient irrigation command;
if the accumulated light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Less than or equal to the preset total amount R 0 Executing a quantitative irrigation command;
if the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 And (5) delaying irrigation when the value is less than or equal to a preset value R.
Preferably, the sufficient irrigation command is: irrigating until the soil moisture content w is more than the moisture set value w 1 ；
The quantitative irrigation command is as follows: irrigation quota v = kxr 1 /R 0 ；
Where k is the water-filling constant.
Preferably, when the preset critical value w 0 When the field water capacity is 65%, the measured value of the soil moisture sensor is the lower limit of the preset soil irrigation water content;
when the moisture set value w is 1 When the field water capacity is 95%, the measured value of the soil moisture sensor is the upper limit of the preset soil irrigation water content;
when the preset critical amount R is the equilibrium of crop respiration and photosynthesis under the constant temperature condition of 26 ℃ in the greenhouse, the solar radiation amount on the same day is set as R;
the preset total amount R 0 The average value of the total light radiation of 5 days with the strongest continuous illumination intensity every year in the previous five years.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step S30: collecting the soil moisture content w again and comparing the collected soil moisture content w with a moisture set value w 1 Comparing, when the soil moisture content w is more than or equal to the moisture set value w 1 If so, the irrigation is stopped, and the process returns to step S10.
Preferably, the step S30 includes transmitting the collected soil moisture content data to the irrigation control system in a period of 5 minutes.
Preferably, the step S20 includes: calculating the total light radiation amount R of the future 5 days according to meteorological predicted data 1 。
Further, in the step S20, the light radiation amount is calculated by taking a fixed time interval as a period, calculating an average light radiation amount in each period, and then integrating the light radiation amount in each period.
Preferably, the system comprises a soil moisture sensor, an illumination intensity sensor, an irrigation control system and a meteorological forecasting system,
the soil moisture sensor is used for collecting the soil moisture content w;
the illumination intensity sensor is used for collecting illumination intensity data and calculating the accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 ；
The irrigation control system is used for receiving the light radiation quantity transmitted by the illumination intensity sensor and the meteorological forecast data transmitted by the meteorological forecast system and controlling the irrigation command to be executed according to the light radiation quantity and the meteorological forecast data, and comprises the following operations:
judging whether the soil moisture content w is less than a preset critical value w 0 ：
If the soil moisture content w is not less than the preset critical value w 0 Delaying execution of irrigation commands;
if the soil moisture content w is less than a preset critical value w 0 Judging the accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 Whether the quantity is larger than a preset critical quantity R or not;
if the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Greater than a predetermined total amount R 0 Executing a sufficient irrigation command;
if the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Less than or equal to the preset total amount R 0 Executing a quantitative irrigation command;
when the sufficient irrigation command is executed, if the soil moisture content w is larger than the moisture set value w 1 And stopping executing the sufficient irrigation command.
Preferably, the irrigation control system is further configured to calculate a total amount of light radiation for the subsequent 5 days according to the weather forecast data, and control and execute an irrigation command according to the total amount of light radiation for the subsequent 5 days.
Preferably, the soil moisture sensor transmits the collected soil moisture content data to the irrigation control system in a period of 5 minutes; and the number of the first and second groups,
the irrigation control system compares the soil moisture content data acquired by the soil moisture sensor with a preset soil moisture content value to determine whether to stop executing an irrigation command;
and when the soil moisture content is greater than a preset value, the irrigation control system stops executing the irrigation command.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method carries out irrigation decision based on the light radiation quantity and the future meteorological conditions, avoids the adverse effect of the weather with weak light radiation intensity, such as cloudy days, rainy days, snowy days and the like, on the irrigation of crops, monitors the water content of the soil in real time in the irrigation process, and immediately stops the irrigation if the water retention rate exceeds a preset critical value. The irrigation management measures of the invention are more scientific, reasonable, convenient and feasible, meet the actual production requirements, integrate the light radiation and the future weather type to execute the irrigation command, avoid the problems of low temperature and high humidity of facility environment, crop diseases and the like caused by irrigation in unfavorable weather, and ensure the healthy growth of crops after irrigation. The water demand condition and the soil water content of the crops are integrated, the waterlogging damage to the plants and the influence on the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil caused by excessive irrigation are avoided, the irrigation water production efficiency is improved, and water-saving irrigation is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of an intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation and weather prediction according to the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an intelligent irrigation system based on light radiation and weather prediction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below, and it is apparent that the described examples are only a part of the examples of the present invention, and are not exhaustive of all the examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention discloses an intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation and weather prediction, which is used for carrying out irrigation decision based on light radiation quantity and combination of future weather prediction and soil water content, avoiding adverse effects of weather such as cloudy days, rainy days, snowy days and the like on crop irrigation, ensuring that irrigation management measures are more scientific, reasonable, convenient and feasible, and meeting actual production requirements.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing an intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation and meteorological prediction according to the invention, and the specific implementation process is described in the following by combining the embodiment.
Firstly, a soil moisture sensor acquires the soil moisture content w, and the irrigation control system 1 judges the soil moisture contentwhether w is greater than a preset critical value w 0 If the soil moisture content w is not less than the preset critical value w 0 Then the amount of light radiation is collected and calculated.
Wherein the preset critical value w 0 And when the field water capacity is 65%, the measured value of the soil moisture sensor is the lower limit of the preset soil irrigation water content.
Collecting illumination intensity by illumination intensity sensor installed in facility environment, calculating and accumulating light radiation amount R by illumination intensity i+1 And thus determining to execute the irrigation command, the steps are as follows:
the time interval for collecting data by the illumination sensor is assumed to be T;
the illumination intensity value obtained by the illumination intensity sensor at each acquisition time is r 1 、r 2 、r 3 …ri；
The average light intensity in each time interval is: r is 1,2 ＝(r 1 +r 2 )/2，r 2,3 ＝(r 2 +r 3 )/2…r i,i+1 ＝(r i +r i+1 )/2；
The average light radiation within each time interval is: r 1,2 ＝60T(r 1 +r 2 )/2，R 2,3 ＝60T(r 2 +r 3 )/2…R i,i+1 ＝60T(r i +r i+1 )/2；
The light radiation amount is accumulated as: r is 1 ＝R 1,2 ，R 2 ＝R 1 +R 2,3 ，R 3 ＝R 2 +R 3,4 …R i+1 ＝R i +R i,i+1 。
When R is i+1 >When R is reached, the total light radiation amount R of the future 5 days is calculated according to a meteorological prediction system 1 According to said accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 And total amount of light radiation R of 5 days in the future 1 The irrigation control system 1 confirms whether to execute the irrigation command.
If the cumulative light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Greater than a predetermined total amount R 0 The irrigation control system 2 controls and executes a sufficient irrigation command to ensure that the soil moisture content w is more than a moisture set value w 1 . Wherein the water content set value w 1 When the field water capacity is 95%, the measured value of the soil moisture sensor is the upper limit of the preset soil irrigation water content.
If the accumulated light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Less than or equal to the preset total amount R 0 The irrigation control system 2 controls the execution of the quantitative irrigation command.
The preset critical amount R is the solar radiation amount of the same day when the respiration and photosynthesis of the planted crops are balanced under the condition that the facility environment temperature is adjusted, namely the greenhouse temperature is constant at 26 ℃. A predetermined total amount R 0 The average value of the total light radiation of the 5 days of continuous maximum light intensity each year in the first five years of the experiment.
When quantitative irrigation command is executed, the irrigation quota v = k multiplied by R 1 /R 0 And the unit is ton, wherein k is a watering constant, and k is calculated according to the specific field water capacity.
The filling constant k is specifically calculated according to the following formula:
k＝667×0.2×1.15×(w 1 -w 0 )＝153.41×(w 1 -w 0 ) Wherein 153.41 is the dry soil weight of the plough layer soil and the unit is ton. w is a 0 The water content is a preset critical value, and the measured value of the soil moisture sensor is the preset critical lower limit water content when the field water capacity is 65%; w is a 1 The water content is a preset value, and the measured value of the soil water sensor is the preset critical upper limit water content when the field water capacity is 95%.
R 1 Calculating total amount of light radiation, R, according to forecast of weather in the future 5 days 0 The preset total amount is determined by the average value of the total light radiation amount of the 5 days of continuous maximum illumination intensity in the last five years.
The subsequent received light radiation amount automatically enters the next accumulation process.
If the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 If the value is less than the preset value R, the irrigation is delayed.
When the irrigation control system executes a sufficient irrigation command, the soil moisture sensor acquires soil moisture content data in a period of 5 minutes and uploads the data to the irrigation control system 1, and when the soil moisture sensor executes the sufficient irrigation command, the soil moisture sensor acquires the soil moisture content data in a period of 5 minutes and uploads the data to the irrigation control system 1The water content w of the soil is more than the set value w of the water content 1 And the irrigation control system 2 controls to stop executing the irrigation command. Irrigation volume V when rated irrigation command is executed i Stopping executing irrigation command when irrigation quota V is larger than V, and when irrigation quota command is executed, the soil water content w can not reach the set water content value w 1 However, if the irrigation quantity exceeds the standard, the water content w of the soil is more than the set water content w 1 The irrigation control system 2 likewise stops executing the irrigation command.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an intelligent irrigation system based on light radiation and weather prediction according to the present invention, and the specific implementation is as follows:
the irrigation mode adopted in the embodiment is drip irrigation, the used tomato seedlings are commercial cherry tomato seedlings, five-leaf and one-core tomato seedlings are planted in a facility environment according to large-ridge double-row mode, the south and north directions, the ridge width is 1m, the row spacing is 0.5m, and the plant spacing is 0.45m.
The device used in the intelligent irrigation system based on light radiation and meteorological prediction is installed in the facility environment, and comprises a light intensity sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a data processing device in an irrigation control system and an irrigation device. Wherein the illumination intensity sensor is arranged at the position of about 2m higher than the facility environment and used for acquiring the illumination intensity in the facility environment to calculate the light radiation quantity and transmitting the light radiation quantity to the irrigation control system. The soil moisture sensor is confirmed according to facility environment size and is set up the number, distributes according to the relief height and sets up in the subsurface for gather soil water content data, and with soil water content data transmission to irrigation control system. The irrigation control system comprises a data processing device and an irrigation device and is used for receiving and comparing the light radiation quantity data, the weather prediction data and the soil water content data and controlling the irrigation device to execute an irrigation command.
Firstly, the irrigation control system 1 receives the soil moisture content and compares the soil moisture content with a preset critical value. If the soil moisture content is greater than or equal to the preset critical value, the irrigation control system 2 delays execution of the irrigation command. If the soil moisture content is less than the preset critical value, according to the specific steps provided in the intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation and weather prediction in fig. 1, the irrigation control system 1 performs irrigation decision according to the received light radiation quantity data and in combination with weather prediction system data, and the irrigation control system 2 controls the irrigation device whether to execute an irrigation command, execute a sufficient irrigation command or execute a quantitative irrigation command.
In the irrigation command execution process, the soil moisture sensor collects soil moisture content data in 5 minutes as a period and transmits the data to the irrigation control system 1, and when the soil moisture content data is larger than a moisture set value, the irrigation control system 2 controls the irrigation device to stop executing the irrigation command to complete the irrigation command.
The invention carries out irrigation decision based on light radiation quantity and future meteorological conditions, irrigation management measures are more scientific, reasonable, convenient and feasible, actual production requirements are met, irrigation commands are executed by integrating light radiation and future weather types, crop diseases and the like caused by irrigation in adverse weather are avoided, and healthy growth of crops after irrigation is ensured. The water demand condition and the soil water content of the crops are integrated, the waterlogging damage to the plants and the influence on the water permeability and the air permeability of the soil caused by excessive irrigation are avoided, the irrigation water production efficiency is improved, and water-saving irrigation is realized.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications of the technical method of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent irrigation method based on optical radiation and meteorological prediction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S10: collecting the soil moisture content w:
step S20: if the soil moisture content w is less than a preset critical value w 0 Then collecting the illumination intensity data and calculating the accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 And predicting the total amount of light radiation R of the future 5 days 1 According to said cumulative light radiation quantity R i+1 And total amount of light radiation R of 5 days in the future 1 Determining whether to execute the irrigation command:
if the cumulative light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Greater than a predetermined total amount R 0 Executing sufficient irrigation commands;
if the accumulated light radiation amount R i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Less than or equal to the preset total amount R 0 Executing a quantitative irrigation command;
if the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 And (5) delaying irrigation when the value is less than or equal to a preset value R.
2. An intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation and weather prediction as claimed in claim 1 wherein the adequate irrigation command is: irrigating until the soil moisture content w is more than the moisture set value w 1 ；
The quantitative irrigation command is as follows: irrigation quota v = kxr 1 /R 0 ；
Where k is the water-filling constant.
3. An intelligent irrigation method based on optical radiation and weather forecast as claimed in claim 2 wherein when said preset threshold value w is reached 0 When the field water capacity is 65%, the measured value of the soil moisture sensor is the lower limit of the preset soil irrigation water content;
when the moisture set value w is 1 When the field water capacity is 95%, the measured value of the soil moisture sensor is the upper limit of the preset soil irrigation water content;
when the preset critical amount R is the equilibrium of crop respiration and photosynthesis under the constant temperature condition of 26 ℃ in the greenhouse, the solar radiation amount on the same day is set as R;
the preset total amount R 0 The average value of the total light radiation of 5 days with the strongest continuous illumination intensity every year in the previous five years.
4. Intelligent irrigation based on light radiation and weather forecast according to claim 1The method is characterized by further comprising the step S30: collecting the soil moisture content w again and comparing the collected soil moisture content w with a moisture set value w 1 Comparing, when the soil moisture content w is more than or equal to the moisture set value w 1 If so, the irrigation is stopped, and the process returns to step S10.
5. An intelligent irrigation method based on optical radiation and weather forecast according to claim 4 wherein said step S30 comprises transmitting collected soil moisture content data to an irrigation control system in a 5 minute period.
6. An intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation and weather forecast as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S20 comprises: calculating the total light radiation amount R of the future 5 days according to meteorological predicted data 1 。
7. An intelligent irrigation method based on light radiation and weather forecast as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S20, the light radiation quantity is calculated by taking fixed time intervals as periods, calculating the average light radiation quantity in each period, and then integrating the light radiation quantity in each period.
8. An intelligent irrigation system based on optical radiation and meteorological prediction is characterized by comprising a soil moisture sensor, an illumination intensity sensor, an irrigation control system and a meteorological prediction system,
the soil moisture sensor is used for collecting the soil moisture content w;
the illumination intensity sensor is used for collecting illumination intensity data and calculating the accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 ；
The irrigation control system is used for receiving the light radiation quantity transmitted by the illumination intensity sensor and the meteorological forecast data transmitted by the meteorological forecast system and controlling the irrigation command to be executed according to the light radiation quantity and the meteorological forecast data, and comprises the following operations:
judging whether the soil moisture content w is less than a preset critical value w 0 ：
If the soil moisture content w is more than or equal to a preset critical value w 0 Delaying the execution of irrigation commands;
if the soil moisture content w is less than a preset critical value w 0 Judging the accumulated light radiation quantity R i+1 Whether the quantity is larger than a preset critical quantity R or not;
if the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Greater than a predetermined total amount R 0 Executing sufficient irrigation commands;
if the light radiation quantity R is accumulated i+1 Greater than a predetermined critical amount R and a total amount of light radiation R for 5 days in the future 1 Less than or equal to the preset total amount R 0 Executing a quantitative irrigation command;
when the sufficient irrigation command is executed, if the soil moisture content w is larger than the moisture set value w 1 And stopping executing the sufficient irrigation command.
9. An intelligent irrigation system based on light radiation and weather forecast according to claim 8, wherein said irrigation control system is further configured to calculate the total amount of light radiation for the subsequent 5 days based on said weather forecast data, and to control the execution of irrigation commands based on the total amount of light radiation for the subsequent 5 days.
10. An intelligent irrigation system based on optical radiation and weather forecast according to claim 8 wherein said soil moisture sensor transmits collected soil moisture content data to said irrigation control system in a 5 minute period; and (c) a second step of,
the irrigation control system compares the soil moisture content data acquired by the soil moisture sensor with a preset soil moisture content value to determine whether to stop executing an irrigation command;
and when the soil moisture content is larger than a preset value, the irrigation control system stops executing the irrigation command.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115989763A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-04-21 | 北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心 | Greenhouse irrigation control method, device, system and equipment |
| CN118435855A (en) * | 2024-07-04 | 2024-08-06 | 苏州朗禾农业科技有限公司 | Irrigation monitoring method and system based on optical radiation and drainage amount analysis |
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