CN102723667A - 火花塞绝缘件 - Google Patents
火花塞绝缘件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102723667A CN102723667A CN2012100743842A CN201210074384A CN102723667A CN 102723667 A CN102723667 A CN 102723667A CN 2012100743842 A CN2012100743842 A CN 2012100743842A CN 201210074384 A CN201210074384 A CN 201210074384A CN 102723667 A CN102723667 A CN 102723667A
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- spark plug
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 49
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 26
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
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- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
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- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
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Abstract
一种具有高绝缘强度、高密度以及允许光通过的光学性能的火花塞绝缘件。
Description
本申请是国际申请日为2007年6月15日,中国申请号为“200780030570.3”(国际申请号为“PCT/US2007/071282”的“火花塞绝缘件”的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求申请日为2006年6月23日的第60/815,946号美国临时申请的优先权,该临时申请的全部内容作为本申请的部分内容,通过引用结合在本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有高绝缘强度、高密度、致密纹理以及允许光通过的光学性能的火花塞绝缘件。
背景技术
示例性火花塞如图1所示,设有固定于绝缘件30的外壳20。中心电极50和端子40至少部分地设于绝缘件30内。绝缘件30将充电端子40和中心电极50与接地电极22相互绝缘。同时,绝缘件30将端子40和中心电极50隔离,避免其遭受外部电干扰。
由于制造商不断提高内燃机的复杂性,减小其尺寸,因此,急需将火花塞的尺寸减小,使其所占据的空间减小。通常,由于火花塞在其使用寿命之内对绝缘件绝缘强度存在要求,因此,火花塞尺寸特别是火花塞直径的进一步减小是受限的。绝缘强度直接和绝缘件所需壁厚相关。另一个限制尺寸减小的因素是更多的制造商要求火花塞具有较长的使用寿命,例如要求100,000英里、150,000英里、175,000英里使用寿命。所需的使用寿命越长,所要求的绝缘强度越高。以往,延长火花塞使用寿命或增加火花塞绝缘强度常用的方法是增加绝缘件壁厚。然而,当前发动机需要结构更为紧凑的火花塞,这妨碍或限制了壁厚较厚的绝缘件的应用。
采用电磁全可变气门来代替凸轮轴来提高燃料效率和动力的新方向也需要进一步减小火花塞的厚度和体积。同时,当前内燃机的最新发展以及发展趋势仍需要提高绝缘强度。为了提高燃料经济性,增添性能,将发动机设计具有更高的压缩性,涡轮增压发动机也变得很普通。火花要在更高的压缩比下跳过火花隙,就需要更高的电压和由此在绝缘件中产生的较高的绝缘强度。因此,在需要增强火花塞绝缘件绝缘强度的同时还需要减少绝缘件的壁厚和尺寸。
当前火花塞典型地由氧化铝合成物制成,该合成物具有特定火花塞制造商所需的其他专用添加剂。加工时,具有专用成分的氧化铝典型地形成白色但不透明的陶瓷绝缘件。实际上,发明人并不知道在较日照弱的正常照明下,任何当前的火花塞的绝缘件可令光穿过从而很明显地显示燃烧室内的火花。虽然过去的一些由例如玻璃这种无定形材料制成的绝缘件是透明的,然而由于即使在减小绝缘强度要求的条件下也需要大大增加这些现有透明绝缘件的壁厚,因此这些绝缘件无法提供当前内燃机所需要的绝缘强度,特别是当前的尺寸要求。在诊断各种发动机问题时,需要观察汽缸中的状态,或者至少要观察其燃烧状态,来确定汽缸中的火花是否出现问题。通常,必须通过车辆专项检查来确定车辆上的电点火、火花塞线、火花塞是否存在问题。因此,在保持火花塞的高绝缘强度以及所需的机械性能包括绝缘件直径的同时,需要观察汽缸燃烧室中的火花产生。
传统上,烧制绝缘件30并上釉,从而使其末端部12产生光滑表面。上釉是为了防止未上釉的绝缘件30的末端部12产生跳火。为了减小制造成本和时间,理想地情况是不要使绝缘件上釉,然而,当前若不进行额外的加工步骤,无法将绝缘件的外表面加工得足够光滑以能够避免跳火,因此,绝缘件仍必须进行上釉。
由于跳火对于火花塞绝缘件30的点火端部或者中心突出部14不难应付,而上釉加工的成本很高,故典型地不对绝缘件30的点火端部或者中心突出部14进行上釉。因此,绝缘件30的点火端部或中心突出部典型地设有一在汽缸内吸附燃烧过程中的沉积物的粗糙面,这会对火花塞点火不利。在无法正确协调或无法进行有效运转,或者具有例如燃烧过程中油漏进汽缸的一些机械问题的发动机中,这些沉积物很快明显堆积,最终在低电阻的中心电极50和壳体20之间形成导电管道,而后跳过火花隙,反过来阻止火花塞产生适合的点火形态来有效点燃汽缸中的气体。双冲程发动机还会因燃烧过程中汽缸中存在的油而产生沉积物。因此,需要提供一种用作火花塞绝缘件的材料,具有无需进行上釉或其他抛光加工的更为光滑的表面。
发明内容
本发明提供一种具有高绝缘强度、极好的机械性能以及光性能的火花塞绝缘件,该绝缘件允许光通过,从火花塞的点火端传输至末端部。已知:(1)火花塞的一稍透明绝缘件通过光的透射可以显示燃烧室中的点火和燃烧过程,以及(2)可以通过采用一种材料制成含有至少99%多晶态Al2O3以及其他痕量材料和金属氧化物的绝缘件来提供具有高绝缘强度以及极好机械性能的火花塞绝缘件,从而减小火花塞的厚度。为制成这样的高纯度Al2O3绝缘件,金属氧化物起到烧结助剂和颗粒生长抑制剂的作用。
参照下列详细描述、权利要求以及附图,将进一步了解本发明的适用范围。然而,应当理解,这些详细描述以及特定实例,指本发明的较佳实施例,仅用作举例说明,本领域的普通技术人员可在本发明的精神和范围内对本发明做各种改变和修改。
附图说明
为更充分地理解本发明,结合以下详细描述、所附权利要求以及附图对本发明进行说明,其中:
图1是典型火花塞的剖视图;以及
图2是图1中火花塞的绝缘件部分的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1中的剖视图举例说明了火花塞10。该火花塞10包括安装于绝缘件30上的外壳20,该外壳20包括接地电极22。如图所示,该火花塞10在绝缘件30上设有中心孔32,该中心孔32中设有端子40、导电材料46、密封材料48以及中心电极50,任何设有绝缘件的火花塞结构或点火装置均可采用本发明的绝缘件30。这里提及的火花塞和火花塞绝缘件通常也可以指代点火装置以及用于点火的绝缘件。中心电极50包括面对接地电极22的端部56。进一步如图2所示,绝缘件30在点火端13和末端11之间延伸。从末端11开始直至延伸到点火端13,火花塞绝缘件30包括末端部12、大肩部16、小肩部18以及点火端部或中心突出部14。进一步地,绝缘件30在中心孔32内表面34与外表面36之间的壁厚不同。同时,内表面34设有沉孔座38,中心电极50抵接至该沉孔座38。如图所示的以及说明书中在此描述的火花塞绝缘件是一典型的用于内燃机例如汽车发动机的火花塞,本领域的普通技术人员易知,根据所需应用领域的不同,该绝缘件30可具有各种形状、尺寸和结构。例如,在一些实施例中,肩部16、18均可省略。
绝缘件30由包含重量百分比至少约99%的Al2O3,优选,至少99.4%Al2O3的材料制成。采用重量百分比约99.97%或更高的Al2O3制成绝缘件30,可获得具有期望特性的绝缘件30。为了改进烧结加工、提高火花塞的电性能、机械性能以及耐用性,火花塞绝缘件30由包含一种或者多种不同金属氧化物的材料组成,例如IIIB族过渡金属的氧化物,稀土属元素的氧化物,以及MgO。典型地,这些金属氧化物可以单独存在,也可以相组合,其总量可达约1,000ppm。根据所需特性的不同,金属氧化物的总量约为50-675ppm,在某些实例中,为100-600ppm,示例性的金属氧化物包括Y2O3、La2O3、Yb2O3、以及MgO。从IIIB族过渡金属氧化物中选择的示例性过渡金属包括Se2O3、Y2O3以及La2O3。稀土属元素的示例性氧化物包括从La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb以及Lu的氧化物的氧化物组中选择的金属氧化物。下列表1提供了实例1-8来展示示例性绝缘件的成分,特别是,绝缘件中所包含的Al2O3、MgO以及其他金属氧化物的量。
表1
ID | Al2O3 | MgO | 金属氧化物 |
1 | >99.99% | 300ppm | |
2 | 99.94% | 300ppm | |
3 | 99.9% | 120ppm | |
4 | 99.97% | 535ppm | |
5 | >99.9% | 100-500ppm Y2O3 | |
6 | >99.9% | 100-500ppm La2O3 | |
7 | >99.9% | 100-500ppm Yb2O3 | |
8 | >99.9% | 100-500ppm MgO+ | 100-500ppm Y2O3 |
由于Al2O3绝缘件点火过程中存在金属氧化物,故在一些实例中,该绝缘件可包括带有铝元素的金属氧化物。例如,金属氧化物的化学成分可为M3Al5O12,其中M选自包括La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb以及Lu的组。更一般地,金属氧化物可具有化学成分MxAlyOz,其中M与以上所列组相同,x大于等于1,y大于等于1但小于等于2,z大于等于3但小于等于4。由于相对于金属氧化物或任何其他杂质,Al2O3的百分含量较高,故铝从Al2O3加入金属氧化物。
用正弦全波(full sinusoidal wave)形式的60Hz交流电压源对绝缘件厚度为1.27mm的样本进行测量,发现根据以上所列材料制成的绝缘件30,其绝缘强度大于等于每毫米17kV(RMS)。通过减小绝缘件的厚度来使火花塞更薄,希望用正弦全波形式的60Hz交流电源测量厚度为1.27mm的样本,其绝缘强度为每毫米至少17kV,优选17.5Kv(RMS)。绝缘强度的增加允许绝缘件30上的内表面34和外表面36之间的厚度减小,从而可将该绝缘件30加工得更小,具有更小的壁厚。更小的绝缘件可以产生更小的火花塞,以便火花塞周围有空间可以容纳更多的元件。高绝缘强度同样可以保证较长的使用寿命。
采用以上所列材料制成的火花塞10的绝缘件30也具有所期望的半透明或透明特性。火花塞中的Al2O3形成与现有的可呈透明状的玻璃绝缘件无定形结构不同的多晶态结构。虽然早先的一些火花塞是由允许光从一端透射至另一端的玻璃制成,然而,由于当前火花塞的加工材料已由玻璃变为陶瓷材料来提高其绝缘强度和减小其尺寸,这种绝缘件已变得稍许发白,并不透明。以上所列材料制成的火花塞绝缘件30,允许光从点火端13透射至末端11或末端部12。选择火花塞绝缘件30的材料使其能够为1mm厚样本提供约50%或更高的光学透射率。已经发现,由上述材料制成的绝缘件30能够为1mm厚样本提供高于80%的光学透射率。然而不需要高于80%的透射率,光透射越多,则越容易看到燃烧室内的火花和燃烧。申请人发现,为产生从中心突出部14到末端部12所需的光透射需要绝缘件的光学透射率对于1mm厚样本大于或等于50%。当然,采用以上所列材料可获得更大的光学透射率。根据所选材料的不同,多晶态绝缘件30可具有透明、不透明或半透明特性。
我们知道,孔隙率对于光透射是有影响的。采用95%的氧化铝陶瓷合成物制成的传统火花塞绝缘件具有约4%孔隙率,其光透射对于1mm厚样本约为5%或者小于5%,致使氧化铝陶瓷呈白色且不透明。当火花塞绝缘件是采用高纯度的氧化铝(纯度大于99.5%的氧化铝)加工而成且其孔隙率为0.3%时,其光学透射率仍保持在约5%或小于5%,且材料是不透明的。氧化铝陶瓷光学透射率的显著增加需要将其孔隙率降至0.1%或者更低。根据本发明制造的火花塞绝缘件具有纯度为99.9%、孔隙率小于0.1%的多晶态氧化铝,这就为1mm厚的样本提供了大于80%的光学透射率。
颗粒尺寸同样会影响光透射,特别是同轴(in-line)光透射。烧结的氧化铝中颗粒之间的界面使得透射光发生散射。这是由于氧化铝是双折射材料——结晶取向不同,则氧化铝的折射率也不同。由于绝缘件中氧化铝颗粒排列较为随机,故当光经一颗粒到达另一颗粒时会发生散射。这就影响了同轴光透射。氧化铝的两个样品具有相同的光学透射率时,同轴光学透射率较高的样品透过材料呈现出一个更为清晰的画面。相比之下,透明玻璃窗具有高同轴光学透射率,而磨砂玻璃窗的同轴光学透射率则较低。氧化铝同轴光学透射率随这颗粒尺寸的减小而增加。对于颗粒尺寸为5微米的氧化铝,同轴光学透射率典型地小于5%。颗粒尺寸为2微米时,同轴光学透射率可高达20%,但在本发明中,颗粒尺寸小于1微米,同轴光学透射率约为50%。
火花塞的一些应用领域中需要高同轴光学透射率。例如,希望获得发动机汽缸头部中的火花和后续的燃烧的发展变化的清晰图像。另一些情况下,则优选低同轴光学透射率。例如,需要检测火花和燃烧产生的光,而从美观角度不会吸引消费者来留意火花塞的内部元件,例如玻璃密封和端子。这种状况下,优选低同轴光学透射率的材料。因此,本发明通过改变颗粒尺寸可以改变光学透射率,可以获得低同轴透射率,例如20%,甚至5%。
选择上述材料,在其颗粒尺寸约等于或小于30微米时对其进行烧结,还可获得高机械强度。颗粒尺寸更为精细的材料具有更高的机械强度。例如,颗粒尺寸为30微米的绝缘件一般具有约350兆帕的机械强度,而颗粒尺寸为10微米的绝缘件则具有约450兆帕的机械强度,当颗粒尺寸小于1微米时,机械强度可超过600兆帕。
同时,上述所选材料使火花塞绝缘件30具有无需上釉的表面。当表面采用所列含量的上述材料加工绝缘件30形成时,其平均粗糙度为0.40μm或小于0.40μm,无需附加的加工步骤例如上釉。典型的未上釉现有绝缘件的平均粗糙度为1.6μm或大于1.6μm,就将会导致污垢或其他污染物附着于绝缘件末端的表面上,从而促使电火花从末端跳火至壳体。因此,当前的绝缘件总是需要进行上釉来防止污垢或其他污染物附着。本发明的绝缘件30的外表面36具有意想不到的优点,其平均粗糙度约0.40μm或小于0.40μm,无需对该火花塞进行上光并减少了不希望发生的跳火的可能性。同时发现,采用所列含量的上述所选材料,令具有未上釉绝缘件的火花塞的平均外表面粗糙度为0.20μm或小于0.20μm,从而更进一步防止了跳火。
根据上述所列材料并按照所列含量制造的绝缘件具有高绝缘强度和高机械强度。这使得火花塞绝缘件的外表面36和内表面34之间在小肩部18处的厚度约等于或小于2.54mm。此外,发现火花塞内表面34和外表面36之间的厚度约等于或小于1.9mm时,该火花塞具有足够的绝缘强度;更令人惊讶的是,在保持当前所需的充分绝缘强度和机械强度的同时,厚度可减小至约等于或小于1.3mm。
可采用本领域熟知的传统方式制造该火花塞。特别是,为制造火花塞绝缘件30,首先准备颗粒尺寸约0.4微米或小于0.4微米的氧化铝粉末和其他添加剂于水中的悬浮液。这些添加剂包括无机掺杂剂,例如MgO、Y2O3、MgAl2O4以及其他以上所列材料,和有机粘结剂,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇以及丙烯酸乳液。然后,喷雾干燥所述悬浮液,从而产生平均颗粒尺寸为50-100微米的自由流动粉末。接着,在大约200兆帕的压力下将该喷雾干燥粉末均衡地压在模具中,从而形成压坯(press blank)。采用磨料砂轮加工该压坯的外表面,使其形成所需的绝缘件外轮廓。再将绝缘件30烧至1450-1800摄氏度,将粉末烧结成密实均匀的本体。在真空或受控气氛例如氧或氢环境下进行烧制加工来获得高度密实、充分无气孔的陶瓷。除了采用不同的原材料、较高的压力和不同的点火条件之外,该加工绝缘件的方法与传统方法类似。
可采用其他方法制成所述陶瓷绝缘件。例如,采用高纯度碾磨介质,通过高能碾碎机,例如振动碾碎机或对转圆盘式破碎机,将粉末分散在浆料中,来避免污染。也可采用球磨机,通过高纯度碾磨介质来实现。对于传统火花塞而言,采用球磨机,其碾磨介质与绝缘材料的成分类似,也就是90%-95%氧化铝。然而,为获得高纯度、低孔隙度的绝缘件,需要通过过滤或采用其他方式去除悬浮液中过大的颗粒。传统火花塞的悬浮液经由45-53微米的滤网筛选。为获得本发明透明氧化铝,需要采用纤维过滤器去除尺寸超过10微米的颗粒。另一个去除较大颗粒的方法是令其可在重力作用下沉淀与悬浮液分离。
同样,可对烧结加工进行改良,例如,在传统绝缘件烧结加工早期,通过加热法去除粘结剂,然而,对于本发明的透明氧化铝,则需要在不同于后续高温烧结加工的气氛下进行该加热过程,从而去除粘结剂。更具体的说,需要在惰性气氛例如氩或氮气氛中去除粘结剂,来避免由于粘结剂燃烧而形成稳定碳化合物,而该稳定碳化合物会进入最终形成的陶瓷中,降低绝缘件的光学透射率。该绝缘件还可采用本领域普通技术人员所知的其他方法加工而成,例如注塑成型或挤出成型。
前述讨论揭露和描述了本发明的一个示范性实施例。本领域的普通技术人员将很容易根据前述讨论、附图以及权利要求对本发明进行各种改变、修改和变化,仍属于由下列权利要求所界定的本发明的真正精神和合理范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种火花塞包括一绝缘件,其特征在于,所述绝缘件包含重量百分比为至少99.0%的Al2O3,以及10-1000ppm的至少一种选自下组的材料:MgO,过渡金属氧化物和稀土属元素氧化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的火花塞,其特征在于,所述过渡金属氧化物选自元素周期表中IIIB族的金属氧化物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的火花塞,其特征在于,所述稀土属元素氧化物选自包括La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb以及Lu的氧化物的氧化物组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的火花塞,其特征在于,所述的绝缘体具有外表面,所述外表面的平均粗糙度为0.40微米或小于0.40微米,且密度大于或等于3.95g/cm3,且其中所述的绝缘体可允许光通过。
5.根据权利要求1所述的火花塞,其特征在于,所述绝缘体包括位于所述中心突出部和末端部之间的大肩部和小肩部,所述绝缘件在该小肩部处的厚度小于2.54mm,且绝缘强度为17千伏特(RMS)或更大。
6.根据权利要求1所述的火花塞,其特征在于,所述绝缘件的密度小于3.95g/cm3,所述过渡金属氧化物包括Y2O3,所述稀土属元素氧化物包括La2O3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的火花塞,其特征在于,所述绝缘件的密度大于或等于3.95g/cm3,所述过渡金属氧化物不包括Y2O3,所述稀土属元素氧化物不包括La2O3。
8.一火花塞包括一未上釉的绝缘体,其特征在于,所述的绝缘体具有外表面,所述外表面的平均粗糙度为0.40微米或小于0.40微米,且密度至少为3.95g/cm3,且其中所述的绝缘体可允许光通过。
9.一火花塞包括一绝缘件,所述绝缘件的密度至少为3.95g/cm3,孔隙度不大于0.3%,所述的绝缘件包含重量百分比为至少99.0%的Al2O3,以及至少一种选自下组的材料:MgO,过渡金属氧化物和稀土属元素氧化物。
10.一火花塞包括一绝缘体,所述绝缘体包括位于所述中心突出部和末端部之间的大肩部和小肩部,所述绝缘件在该小肩部处的厚度小于2.54mm,且绝缘强度为17千伏特(RMS)或更大。
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CN109256679A (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-22 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 火花塞 |
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CN108629346B (zh) * | 2017-03-17 | 2022-02-22 | 北京爱德盛业科技有限公司 | 一种汽车点火系统火花塞的检查方法 |
CN109256679A (zh) * | 2017-07-14 | 2019-01-22 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 火花塞 |
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JP2009541940A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
KR20090034346A (ko) | 2009-04-07 |
EP2032833A2 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
JP5264720B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
US20080042539A1 (en) | 2008-02-21 |
EP2747222A1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
WO2007149772A3 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
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US7598661B2 (en) | 2009-10-06 |
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