CN102690525A - Wood-plastic composite material using sweet sorghum slag as enhanced phase and preparation method for wood-plastic composite material - Google Patents
Wood-plastic composite material using sweet sorghum slag as enhanced phase and preparation method for wood-plastic composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wood-plastic composite material using sweet sorghum slag as an enhanced phase and a preparation method for the wood-plastic composite material. The wood-plastic composite material comprises 10 to 80 parts of sweet sorghum slag and 20 to 90 parts of recycled plastic, wherein the sweet sorghum slag and the recycled plastic serve as a matrix phase; and the sweet sorghum slag is subjected to combined pretreatment by an alkali-oxygen method and a steam explosion method. Sectional materials such as a sweet sorghum slag wood-plastic four-pore board, a sauna board, garden protective process, walls and the like are manufactured by extruding a fixed die and forming, or sweet sorghum slag wood-plastic products are manufactured by formation such as injection molding, pressing and the like. The sweet sorghum slag wood-plastic products can be suitable for large-scale continuous batch production and has the advantages of high performance, low cost, moth resistance, moisture resistance, no formaldehyde and the like. Compared with the conventional wood powder fillings, the wood-plastic composite material has the advantages of light weight, high performance, low cost, high extrusion speed, low processing temperature and the like, wherein the mechanical performance of the sweet sorghum slag subjected to treatment is superior to that of wood powder. The sweet sorghum slag wood-plastic composite material has good economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits of reducing environmental pollution, protecting forest resource and promoting economic development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material technology, specifically be a kind of be the wood plastic composite and preparation method thereof of wild phase with the sweet sorghum slag.
Background technology
Wood plastic composite (Wood-Plastic Composites; Be called for short WPC) be to utilize waste wood, agricultural crop straw etc. and after processing powder through pulverizing; With plastics in the lump as raw material; Add various auxiliary agents again, compound or complete processing such as melt extrude and a kind of high-performance of making, the advanced composite material of high added value through hot pressing.In recent years, because the wood materials of wood plastic composite is enlarging to various sponge development, for example sweet sorghum slag, manioc waste, rice husk etc.Therefore, say that wood plastic composite is to be matrix with various vegetable fibres, the one type of advanced composite material that forms with different plastics from broad sense.
This material has the advantage of vegetable fibre and macromolecular material; Can substitute timber; Can alleviate China's Forest Resources poorness, wood supply contradiction in short supply effectively; Because the recyclability of vegetable fibre, can be by dissolving property of environment, so WPC is a kind of green material that has development prospect, its production technology also is considered to a vital innovative technology.
Sweet sorghum is very promising a kind of energy-source plant in China, carries out the fermentative Production alcohol fuel and has obtained broad research from wherein extracting sugar, and residue is not also fully utilized but it has fermented.Utilizing the sweet sorghum slag is a good use approach as the wild phase of wood plastic composite.
The fibre shape of sweet sorghum slag is similar basically with timber with chemical constitution; But sweet sorghum slag submember is more; Sugar degree and various low-molecular-weight carbohydrate content will be higher than timber, and this all is unfavorable for the processing of raw material, and complete processing and product performance are had a negative impact.The component that plays enhancement in the vegetable fibre mainly is a Mierocrystalline cellulose, so the content of Mierocrystalline cellulose in fiber plays very big influence to the performance of strongthener.
After the ethanol and butanol fermentation, compositions such as the sugar of the inside and semicellulose are by mass consumption, again through the sweet sorghum slag being carried out alkali oxygen method and steam explosion associating pre-treatment.Wherein alkali oxygen method is handled and can effectively be removed a large amount of xylogen in the sweet sorghum slag, and makes fiber surface become coarse; Part semicellulose in the sweet sorghum slag can be effectively removed in processing through steam explosion, and the length-to-diameter ratio of fiber is maximum.Remove most of xylogen and semicellulose, remaining a large amount of Mierocrystalline cellulose has very great help to the mechanical property that improves wood plastic composite.
Mierocrystalline cellulose, semicellulose, xylogen component content such as table 1 after sweet sorghum slag process alkali oxygen method and the steam explosion combination treatment:
Can find out through cellulose components content in the pretreated sweet sorghum slag the highest.
Along with the widespread use of plastics, the processing paid more and more attention of waste plastic.The processing of general waste plastic mainly contains following 3 kinds of modes: landfill, burning, reclaiming utilization.The recycling of waste or used plastics not only reduces problem of environmental pollution, and economizes on resources, and is the preferred option of handling waste plastic.Through vegetable fibre is compound with the recovery plastics; Form new matrix material---wood plastic composite; Not only can effectively solve some performance deficiency of single-material, and these wood plastic composites building, engineering extensive applications for the recycling that solves waste plastic, to utilize problem for a long time also be a highly effective approach.
Sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite uses and reclaims plastics, at the cost-effective environment of having protected simultaneously.This kind sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite protects forest resources reducing environmental pollution, and all there are good economic benefits, social benefit and ecological benefits in the aspect of promoting economic development.
It is similar a kind of by wood powder enhanced plastics composite that publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN1257890A provides.This invention uses polyacrylic grafts as wood powder and polyacrylic coupling agent.But this patent is not used the recovery plastics, the higher and not environmental protection of cost.
Publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN101245189A provides straw, rice hull fibre base wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof.This invention uses straw, rice husk or both mixtures as wild phase.Lubricant is selected one or both in dimethyl silicone oil, the polyester wax for use.This patent also uses heat to mix the method dehumidifying, mixes temperature 185-200 ℃ but this patent utilization conical double-screw carries out heat.The sweet sorghum slag then adopts hot at a high speed mixed machine directly to carry out heat and mixes, and temperature is 100-180 ℃, can well practice thrift efficiency.
Publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN101708614B provides a kind of high-intensity wood plastic composite sheet material and preparation method thereof.This invention is not carried out pre-treatment to wood powder and directly granulation.
Publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN101747641A provides a kind of polyethylene based wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof.The flexural strength of the polyethylene based wood-plastic composite material of this invention is 27.2MPa, and modulus in flexure is 3450MPa, and expansion rate of water absorption is 0.12%.And flexural strength 31.7 MPa of sweet sorghum slag/polyethylene based composition, bending elastic modulus is 3774MPa, expansion rate of water absorption is 0.1%.Performance all is superior to this invention.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is to improve cellulosic relative content in the sweet sorghum slag, thereby improves the mechanical property of sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite, substitutes existing wood powder.Second purpose provides with the sweet sorghum slag as a kind of wood plastic composite of wild phase and preparation method thereof.
The present invention relates to a kind of with the wood plastic composite of sweet sorghum slag as wild phase; Unite pretreated sweet sorghum slag comprising 10 ~ 80 parts of alkali oxygen methods and steam explosion; And plastics are as the matrix phase; Wherein reclaim plastics and account for 20 ~ 90 parts; Optional comprise in filler, coupling agent, stablizer, lubricant, filler, the auxiliary agent one or more or all, wherein filler accounts for 2 ~ 20 parts, coupling agent and accounts for 2 ~ 6 parts, lubricant and account for 1 ~ 10 part, 1 ~ 15 part of stabilizer comprises, auxiliary agent and account for 1 ~ 15 part, saidly be meant weight part part.
In a preferred implementation of the present invention, it is characterized in that using in its raw material the sweet sorghum slag as wild phase, its parts by weight proportioning is following:
10 ~ 80 parts of sweet sorghum slags
Reclaim 20 ~ 90 parts in plastics
2 ~ 20 parts of fillers
2 ~ 6 parts of coupling agents
1 ~ 10 part of lubricant
1 ~ 15 part of stablizer
1 ~ 15 part of auxiliary agent
As preferably, above-mentioned recovery plastics can use and reclaim Vestolen PP 7052 (PP), reclaim high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE), reclaim PS (PS), reclaim the reclaimed materials of SE (PVC), recover acrylonitrile-divinyl-styrol copolymer interchangeable heat thermoplastic plastics such as (ABS).
As preferably, above-mentioned filler is selected from one or more in lime carbonate, wollastonite, talcum powder, the mineral filler
As preferably, above-mentioned coupling agent comprises one or both of maleic anhydride grafted polymer, silane coupling agent.
As preferably, above-mentioned lubricant is selected from one or more in Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, calcium stearate, polyethylene wax, fatty ester, paraffin, the white oil.
As preferably, the aforementioned stable agent is the thermo-stabilizer of rare earth soap series.
As preferably, above-mentioned auxiliary agent can adopt one or more in UV light absorber, softening agent, mould inhibitor, oxidation inhibitor, whipping agent, tinting material, antiseptic-germicide, the fire retardant.
The preparation method of above-mentioned sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite comprises following steps:
(1) this sweet sorghum slag is pulverized, filtered out 60-120 purpose sweet sorghum ground-slag end, and it is carried out alkali oxygen method and steam explosion associating pre-treatment.
(2) the sweet sorghum slag that pre-treatment is finished carries out high speed heat with the recovery plastics and mixes drying.
(3) add coupling agent, stablizer, lubricant, filler, auxiliary agent subsequently, obtain sweet sorghum slag wood through the twin screw extruder extruding pelletization and mould master batch.
(4) master batch extrusion moulding, injection moulding or compression moulding are obtained sweet sorghum slag wood plastic product.
(5) to the wood plastic product fixed length cutting, surface galling shaping or frosted polishing obtain finished product.
As preferably, the pre-treatment of above-mentioned alkali oxygen method is about to the sweet sorghum slag and puts into 4% NaOH solution, soaks 12 hours down at 40 ℃, adds 1% superoxol then, soaks 12 hours the washing suction filtration down at 40 ℃.
As preferably, above-mentioned steam explosion pre-treatment is that sweet sorghum slag pressure remained on 1.5MPa 5 minutes, pressure release then, washing suction filtration.
As preferably, above-mentioned sweet sorghum dregs dyring process adopts and reclaims plastics and add at a high speed heat jointly to mix machine dry, and heat is mixed machine inside and is warmed to and is 100-180 ℃ at a high speed.
As preferably, above-mentioned sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite processing temperature is 140 ~ 200 ℃;
Obtain sweet sorghum slag wood plastic product likeness in form wood and be superior to wood by the present invention, have advantages such as performance is good, cost is low, mothproof, moisture resistance, zero formaldehyde.Compare with conventional wood meal, have light weight, advantage such as cost is low, and extruded velocity is fast, and processing temperature is low, treated sweet sorghum slag mechanical property is superior to wood powder simultaneously.Thereby for the production of wood plastic composite provides a kind of new method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: injection molding technique prepares sweet sorghum slag wood plastic product schema;
Fig. 2: extruding-out process prepares sweet sorghum slag wood plastic product schema;
Fig. 3: compression moulding prepared sweet sorghum slag wood plastic product schema.
Embodiment
Following embodiment can make the professional and technical personnel more understand the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Injection molding process prepares sweet sorghum slag wood and moulds basin:
Prescription: parts by weight
Sweet sorghum slag 30
Reclaim high density polyethylene(HDPE) 70
Maleic anhydride graft PE 4
Polyethylene wax 5
Calcium stearate 2
Tinting material 3
Oxidation inhibitor 1
Utilize injection molding process to prepare sweet sorghum slag wood by above-mentioned prescription and mould basin, detailed process is: this sweet sorghum slag is pulverized, filtered out 60-120 purpose sweet sorghum ground-slag end, and it is carried out alkali oxygen method and steam explosion associating pre-treatment.The sweet sorghum slag that pre-treatment is intact carries out heat with the recovery plastics and mixes dry; The coupling agent, lubricant, the auxiliary agent that add different ratios subsequently; Obtain sweet sorghum slag wood through the twin screw extruder extruding pelletization and mould master batch; Again through injection moulding machine injection molding obtain sweet sorghum slag wood mould basin (barrel zone temperature 160-170 ℃, injection pressure 60MPa, speed 60cm
3/ s, 3s under 4s, the 20MPa under 4s, the 30MPa under the dwell time 40MPa, cooling time 25s).Fig. 1 is seen in concrete technical process.
The wood of this prepared is moulded basin outward appearance, good mechanical properties, and is high through test mechanical strength, tensile strength 28.7MPa, flexural strength 33 MPa, bending elastic modulus 1643MPa, density 1.1 gcm
-3, water-intake rate is 0.2%.
Embodiment 2
Extruding-out process prepares sweet sorghum slag wood and moulds four orifice plates:
Prescription: parts by weight
Sweet sorghum slag 70
Reclaim high density polyethylene(HDPE) 30
Maleic anhydride graft PE 4
Lime carbonate 10
Polyethylene wax 5
Calcium stearate 2
Tinting material 3
Oxidation inhibitor 1
Fire retardant 3
Utilize extruding-out process to prepare sweet sorghum slag wood by above-mentioned prescription and mould four orifice plates, wherein oxidation inhibitor is oxidation inhibitor 168, and fire retardant is Mg (OH)
2Or Al (OH)
3Or its mixture.Detailed process is: this sweet sorghum slag is pulverized, filtered out 60-120 purpose sweet sorghum ground-slag end, and it is carried out alkali oxygen method and steam explosion associating pre-treatment.The sweet sorghum slag that pre-treatment is intact with reclaim plastics and carry out heat and mix drying, add filler, coupling agent, lubricant, the auxiliary agent of different ratios subsequently, through single screw extrusion machine four orifice plate moulds are installed and are carried out sweet sorghum slag wood and mould extruding of four orifice plates.Processing temperature is 160-170 ℃, engine speed 242r/min, and feeding rotating speed 26r/min, Fig. 2 is seen in concrete technical process.
Embodiment 3
Extruding-out process prepares sweet sorghum slag wood plastic wall:
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 2 is: extrusion die is the large section mould of 600mm * 120mm (long * wide) for the cross section apparent size, and all the other are identical.
Embodiment 4
Extruding-out process prepares sweet sorghum slag wood and moulds the Saunas plate:
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 2 is: increased by 5 parts of stablizers, thermo-stabilizer is the thermo-stabilizer of rare earth soap series, and all the other are identical.
Through its tensile strength of test is 14.8MPa, and flexural strength is 28 MPa, and bending elastic modulus is 2933MPa, density 1.17 gcm
-3, water-intake rate is 0.9%, expansion rate of water absorption is 0.1%.
Embodiment 5
Compression moulding prepared sweet sorghum slag wood is moulded sample:
Prescription: parts by weight
Sweet sorghum slag 50
Reclaim high density polyethylene(HDPE) 50
Maleic anhydride graft PE 4
Polyethylene wax 5
Calcium stearate 2
Sweet sorghum slag and recovery high density polyethylene(HDPE), maleic anhydride graft PE, polyethylene wax, calcium stearate are put into mould behind the thorough mixing in proportion; Place compression moulding on the vulcanizing press, moulding process such as Fig. 3, wherein hot pressing 5min; 160 ℃ of temperature; Pressure 5MPa, the 10min that colds pressing, pressure 10MPa.
Gained wood plastic product outward appearance, processing characteristics are good, and high through test mechanical strength, tensile strength is 15.3 MPa, and flexural strength is 31.7 MPa, and bending elastic modulus is 3774MPa, density 1.2 gcm
-3, water-intake rate is 0.9%, expansion rate of water absorption is 0.1%.
What need understand is: though above-mentioned instance is to the present invention's detailed description of contrasting; But these are described is the simple description to thinking of the present invention; Rather than to utilizing the sweet sorghum slag to produce the restriction of this novel thinking of sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite as wild phase; Any combination that does not exceed thinking of the present invention increases or modification all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. one kind with the wood plastic composite of sweet sorghum slag as wild phase; Unite pretreated sweet sorghum slag comprising 10 ~ 80 parts of alkali oxygen methods and steam explosion; And plastics are as the matrix phase; Wherein reclaim plastics and account for 20 ~ 90 parts; Optional comprise in filler, coupling agent, stablizer, lubricant, filler, the auxiliary agent one or more or all, wherein filler accounts for 2 ~ 20 parts, coupling agent and accounts for 2 ~ 6 parts, lubricant and account for 1 ~ 10 part, 1 ~ 15 part of stabilizer comprises, auxiliary agent and account for 1 ~ 15 part, described part is meant weight part.
2. sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said matrix adopts the recovery plastics mutually, and described recovery plastics are selected from one or more in Vestolen PP 7052 (PP), recovery high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE), recovery PS (PS), recovery SE (PVC) and/or the recover acrylonitrile-divinyl-styrol copolymer (ABS).
3. sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said coupling agent is selected from one or both of maleic anhydride grafted polymer, silane coupling agent.
4. sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said filler is selected from one or more in lime carbonate, wollastonite, talcum powder, the mineral filler.
5. sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said lubricant is selected from one or more in Triple Pressed Stearic Acid, calcium stearate, polyethylene wax, fatty ester, paraffin, the white oil.
6. sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said stablizer is the thermo-stabilizer of rare earth soap series.
7. sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said auxiliary agent is selected from one or more in UV light absorber, softening agent, mould inhibitor, oxidation inhibitor, whipping agent, tinting material, antiseptic-germicide, the fire retardant.
8. the preparation method of any said sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite of claims 1-7 is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) this sweet sorghum slag is pulverized, filtered out 60-120 purpose sweet sorghum ground-slag end, and it is carried out alkali oxygen method and steam explosion associating pre-treatment;
(2) the sweet sorghum slag that pre-treatment is finished carries out high speed heat with the recovery plastics and mixes drying;
(3) add as required subsequently in coupling agent, stablizer, lubricant, filler, the auxiliary agent one or more or all, obtain sweet sorghum slag wood through the twin screw extruder extruding pelletization and mould master batch;
(4) master batch extrusion moulding, injection moulding or compression moulding are obtained sweet sorghum slag wood plastic product;
(5) to the wood plastic product fixed length cutting, surface galling shaping or frosted polishing obtain finished product.
9. like the said sweet sorghum slag of claim 8 wood plastic composite; It is characterized in that: the pre-treatment of said alkali oxygen method is meant NaOH and/or the potassium hydroxide solution of the sweet sorghum slag being put into the 1-10% mass percent concentration; Soaked 8-15 hour; Add superoxol then and soaked 8-15 hour, the washing suction filtration.
10. like the said sweet sorghum slag of claim 8 wood plastic composite, it is characterized in that: said steam explosion pre-treatment is meant that sweet sorghum slag pressure remained on the above 1-10 of 1MPa minute, preferred 2-8 minute, and pressure release then, washing suction filtration.
11. like claims 8 said sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composites, it is characterized in that: said sweet sorghum dregs dyring process adopts and reclaims plastics and adds the hot at a high speed machine drying of mixing jointly, and the mixed machine inside of heat is warmed to and is 100-180 ℃ at a high speed.
12. like claims 8 said sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composites, it is characterized in that: said sweet sorghum slag wood plastic composite processing temperature is 140 ~ 200 ℃.
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