CN102352116B - Wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wood-plastic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The wood-plastic composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 30 to 80 parts of modified plant fiber, 20 to 70 parts of plastic, 2 to 10 parts of compatilizer, 2 to 10 parts of lubricant, 0.2 to 1.0 part of antioxidant, 5 to 15 parts of filler and 2 to 10 parts of flame retardant. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: preparing the modified plant fiber which is separated from each other and of which the surface is coated with lignin by using wood fiber, namely cotton stalks by a blasting treatment method, compounding the modified plant fiber and the plastic, and extruding to form a finished product material. By the method, the technical problem of low compatibility of wood fiber and thermoplastic plastic is solved, the comprehensive utilization of the wood fiber and the plastic is realized, timber can be replaced, and the added value of agricultural waste, namely the cotton stalks is increased. The prepared wood-plastic composite material has good mechanical properties, and high tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength; and the industrialized production of high-performance products such as constructional engineering materials is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composition and method of making the same of filamentary material, particularly a kind of wood plastic composite containing vegetable fibre and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
China is the poor countries of the forest reserves, and especially China's economy enters the high speed development stage, for the demand of timber, day by day increases, and the forest reserves are excessively used, and the forest total area falls sharply and the enforcement of wildwood protected project, timber imbalance between supply and demand aggravation.
Cotton stalk is as the residuum in a kind of agricultural production process, and annual output is approximately 2,000 ten thousand tons, and the overwhelming majority is not utilized, and processing mode adopts burning or naturally rotten mode mostly, has caused serious environmental pollution and the wasting of resources.How to process cotton stalk and become the problem of researching and solving for many years.
Wood plastic composite is that a kind of novel to take wood fibre and plastics be the composite engineering material that main raw material is manufactured.As wood plastic composite, there is good water-fast and corrosion resistance nature, resistance toly damage by worms, good stability of the dimension, production technique be flexible, infringement to equipment is little, can also be that raw material makes with the waste and old wood and the plastics that reclaim, and advantage and extremely people's the concern such as can be recycled.
But because wood fibre and plastics are two kinds of high molecular polymers of different nature, the consistency of undressed wood fibre and plastics is poor, and plastics are combined bad with wood fibre, cause wood plastic composite quality to be difficult to improve.In current macromolecule composite wood-plastic material production process, only focus on mixing or the recycling of several materials, and the improvement of basic mechanical character, do not take into full account the consistency of various materials and interface in conjunction with situation, Interface adhesive strength and various material in the diffusion at interface, infiltration etc., can not guarantee that wood fibre can fully disperse in high molecule plastic, wood/to mould interfacial interaction poor, both avidity is low, therefore bonding strength is low, causes mechanical property and other use properties of wood plastic composite of preparation lower.Wood powder addition in wood plastic composite is low, the mechanical property of material and poor toughness.
At present the research of wood plastic composite and application are increased gradually, for example: the patent of invention that notification number is CN1227297C discloses its purposes of a kind of wood plastic composite and manufacture method thereof, it utilizes wood powder and plastics or waste or used plastics for main raw material, be equipped with a small amount of auxiliary agent, with special-purpose grafting agent, wood powder and frosting are carried out to graft modification processing, effectively strengthen the boundary strength between wood powder and plastics, adopt continuous expressing technique, utilize the mould of various section forms, the various high performance composite of extrusion.Wherein wood powder component content surpasses 50%.
Granted publication number discloses a kind of wood plastic composite for the Chinese invention patent of CN1482166, this wood plastic composite refers to by thermoplastic resin, wood powder, auxiliary agent compatilizer, the raw materials such as properties-correcting agent mix by weight, by this wood plastic composite after forcing machine granulation again through extruder for shaping or directly extrude and be expressed on rolling press by a sheet machine head port mould through forcing machine fusion plastification, be pressed into plate, sheet material section bar, each laminating layer dielectric of heat or fabric in material top and bottom, or two-sided each hot laminating one deck aluminium foil (band) layer again, through cooling cutting edge, cut into finished product.
Notification number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101302349 discloses a kind of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene wood-plastic composite material and preparation method thereof.This wood plastic composite, comprise following raw material: the weight of plant fiber powder, maleic anhydride stem grafting polyolefin and additional plastics is 100 parts, wherein plant fiber powder is 60～85 parts, remaining is maleic anhydride stem grafting polyolefin and additional plastics, and wherein maleic anhydride stem grafting polyolefin weight accounts for 40～100% (being preferably 70～100%).
Notification number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101143952 discloses flame-proof smoke-inhibiting wood-plastic composite material, and this material is mainly made by polystyrene and/or the polyvinyl chloride, wood fibre, expansion type flame retardant, expanding material, the lubricant that have added thermo-stabilizer.
The application for a patent for invention that notification number is CN101186754 provides a kind of method of utilizing crop straw to produce macromolecule composite wood-plastic material, a kind of method of utilizing that belongs to crop straw, described method is, crop straw is pulverized and is dried and to obtain straw powder, straw powder is carried out to dip treating, then be dried to obtain modified straw powder, by modified straw powder and plastics, be that other main raw material carries out high-speed mixing and cooling mixing obtains dry mash, dry mash is carried out to extruding pelletization, by the material extrusioning shaping after granulation, make macromolecule composite wood-plastic material again.
But, in above-mentioned modified composite material of woods and plastics preparation process, all only adopt compatilizer to make wood powder directly mix and make with plastics, because wood powder is that surface is with the polarity macromolecular compound of a large amount of polar groups, and plastics are a kind of non-polar high polymer polymkeric substance, both consistencies are poor, the weak strength of the wood plastic composite preparing.If obtain high-intensity wood plastic composite, need higher quantity of plastics ratio.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the object of the invention is to exist for prior art provides a kind of wood plastic composite and preparation method thereof, to be the cotton stalk fiber of take after explosion treatment be composited as raw material and plastics wood plastic composite prepared by the present invention, and the mechanical mechanics property of the wood plastic composite of preparation is good, intensity is high, excellent in cushion effect, good stability of the dimension, have good processing characteristics.
For realizing object of the present invention, the invention provides on the one hand a kind of wood plastic composite is provided, comprise the raw material of following weight part proportioning:
Wherein, the weight part proportioning of described raw material is selected:
Particularly, by being carried out to explosion treatment, cotton stalk fiber raw material obtains described modified plant fibers.
Wherein, described explosion treatment comprises as follows step in sequence:
1) cotton stalk fiber material is placed in after blaster, in blaster, passes into saturated vapor, carry out decatize processing;
2) baiting valve of blaster is opened, cotton haulm raw material is carried out to explosion treatment, obtain explosion cotton stalk fiber;
3) explosion cotton stalk fiber is carried out to drying treatment, obtain modified plant fibers.
Particularly, the relative pressure of saturated vapor step 1) is 2-4.2MPa; The relative pressure that described decatize is processed is 1-4MPa, and steaming time is 5-45min; The temperature of the drying treatment step 3) is 100-200 ℃, water ratio≤10% of dried modified plant fibers.
Especially, the relative pressure of described saturated vapor is preferably 2.5-4MPa; The relative pressure that decatize is processed is 1.5-4.0MPa, is preferably 1.5-3.5MPa; Steaming time is 10-45min, more preferably 15-30min; The water ratio of described modified plant fibers is 2-10%, more preferably 5-10%.
Wherein, step 1) it is that in blaster, to pass into relative pressure be 2-4.2MPa saturated vapor that decatize described in is processed, and the relative pressure in blaster reaches 1-4MPa, under this pressure, keeps 5-45min.
Particularly, step 1), also comprise that it is that the filamentary material Duan Houzai of 20-40mm is placed in blaster that described cotton stalk fiber material is cut into length.
Wherein, described plastics are that polyethylene (PE) plastics are or/and polypropylene (PP) plastics.
Particularly, described vinyon is selected high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) plastics, Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastics.
Wherein, described compatilizer is selected from one or more in maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene, chlorinatedpolyethylene, Chlorinated Polypropylene III.
Particularly, described compatilizer is preferably one or more in maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene.
Especially, the percentage of grafting of described maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene is respectively 1-3%.
Particularly, the molecular weight 10000-300000 of described maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, melting index 0.4-0.9g/10min; The molecular weight 10000-300000 of maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene, melting index 0.3-1.2g/10min.
Wherein, described lubricant is selected one or more in polyethylene wax, stearic acid, calcium stearate, barium stearate, Zinic stearas.
Particularly, the molecular weight of described polyethylene wax is 1400-8000.
Wherein, described antioxidant is one or more in antioxidant 264, antioxidant 1010 or antioxidant 1076.
Particularly, described antioxidant 264 is 2,6 di tert butyl 4 methyl phenol; Described antioxidant 1010 is four [β (3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol ester; Described antioxidant 1076 is the positive octadecanol ester of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid.
Wherein, described filler is calcium carbonate or talcum powder;
Wherein, described fire retardant is one or more in clorafin, eight bromo ether, antimonous oxide, tricresyl phosphate (2-chloroethyl) ester or ammonium polyphosphate.
Particularly, the molecular weight of described fire retardant clorafin is 800-1300, and cl content is 40-80%; In described fire retardant ammonium polyphosphate, nitrogen content is 22-25%, phosphorus content>=20%, and molecular weight is > 10
5.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned wood plastic composite on the other hand, comprising: 1) described raw material is mixed, obtain compound; 2) by compound extrusion moulding, compression molding or injection moulding.
Wherein, step 1) described in, in raw material mixing process, mixing temperature is 120-200 ℃, is preferably 120-170 ℃; Mixing time is 5-20min, is preferably 10-20min; During mixing, stir speed (S.S.) is 300-800rpm, is preferably 700-800rpm; Step 2) in the process of extrusion moulding described in, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 120-180 ℃, and rotating speed is 50-100rpm.
Further aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned wood plastic composite, comprises as follows step in sequence:
1) described raw material is mixed, make wood and mould mixture;
2) wood is moulded to mixture and joined extruding pelletization in screw extrusion press, obtain wood plastic composite pellet;
3) by the extrusion moulding of wood plastic composite pellet, compression molding or injection moulding.
Wherein, step 1) in, adopt to stir described raw material is mixed, during mixing, stir speed (S.S.) is 300-800rpm, is preferably 500-800rpm; Mixing time is 5-20min, is preferably 8-20min; Mixing temperature is 90-180 ℃, is preferably 150-175 ℃; Step 2) in, adopt twin screw extruder to extrude, utilize plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, make described wood plastic composite pellet, wherein the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 100-180 ℃, is preferably 145-175 ℃; Rotating speed is 60-100rpm; Step 3) in the process of extrusion moulding described in, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 110-180 ℃, is preferably 150-170 ℃; Rotating speed is 50-100rpm.
Wood prepared by the present invention is moulded complex fiber material tool and is had the following advantages:
1, to adopt the cotton stalk fiber after high-temperature steam explosion treatment be wood plastic composite prepared by raw material in the present invention; its mechanical property is high; the wood working product performance that is raw material to timber resources is similar; can replace take the wood working product that timber resources is raw material; reduced the consumption of timber resources; protection of the environment, for the comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes cotton stalk provides a kind of new approaches, for cotton stalk provides a kind of new purposes.
2, the present invention can separate cotton stalk fiber cell by explosion treatment from middle lamella, surface attachment one deck xylogen of the cotton stalk vegetable fibre after explosion treatment, reduced the polarity of fiber surface, improved the consistency between vegetable fibre and plastics, improved the dispersion effect of fiber in plastics, solve the compatibility problem of fibrous material and plastics, exempted the complicated procedures of forming of raw material post-processed simultaneously.
3, the wood plastic composite mechanical property of using cotton stalk vegetable fibre of the present invention to prepare significantly improves, and the tensile strength of matrix material, bending strength and resistance to impact shock are strong.Bending strength reaches 30.8-46.2MPa; Composite bending modulus reaches 2.8-4.1MPa; Compressive strength reaches 25.8-31.0MPa.
Excellent in cushion effect, the good stability of the dimension of the wood plastic composite that 4, the present invention manufactures, the water ratio of wood plastic composite, water-intake rate, expansion rate of water absorption are low, water ratio lower than 3.8%, water-intake rate lower than 2.8%, expansion rate of water absorption is only 2.2-2.6%.
5, the wood plastic composite of manufacture of the present invention has the feature of timber and plastics concurrently, not only has profile attractive in appearance, but also has the features such as anticorrosion, moistureproof, Anti-moth-eating, fire prevention.
6, the wood plastic composite that prepared by the present invention has good flame retardant effect, and the oxygen index of material is 26.3-28.8%, reaches the B2 rank in GB50222-95 (code for fire prevention design of interior decoration of buildings).
7, the wood plastic composite that prepared by the present invention has good wear-resisting and processing characteristics can be used as material of construction (as floor, garden, mat shelter, dressing cubicle, tables and chairs, door and window etc.) and wrapping material, product can unlimited recycling, is fabulous novel environment friendly material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
The present invention mainly adopts such scheme to realize the present invention design, but is not limited to above-mentioned several scheme, and every scheme that uses main design of the present invention all belongs among the scope that the present invention protects.
In the present invention, polyethylene wax is purchased from Jiangyin Jiu Lisu industry company limited; Ammonium polyphosphate is purchased from Shandong Shi An Chemical Co., Ltd..
Embodiment 1
1, according to following weight part proportioning, get the raw materials ready:
Wherein, the molecular weight of high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) is 40000-300000, density 0.93-0.97g/cm
3, melting index (MI, g/10min) is 0.3-0.5; The molecular weight 10000-300000 of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, percentage of grafting is 1-2%, melting index 0.5-0.6g/10min; The molecular weight of clorafin is 800-1300, and cl content is 40-80%; The nitrogen content of ammonium polyphosphate is 22%-25%, phosphorus content>=20%, and molecular weight is > 10
5.
Wherein, the step that modified plant fibers carries out is in the following order prepared from:
A) agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm, is placed in blaster (Beijing Forestry University; Model: BL-08), open blaster admission valve, pass into the saturated vapor that relative pressure is 3.0MPa, make the relative pressure in blaster reach 2.0MPa, keep 15min under this pressure, cotton stalk is carried out to decatize processing;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed in moisture eliminator and at 200 ℃, carries out drying treatment, making water ratio is 10% modified plant fibers.
The electron-microscope scanning figure of modified plant fibers as shown in Figure 1.Pass through as seen from Figure 1 the surface of the modified plant fibers (cotton stalk fiber) of explosion treatment and wrapped up one deck xylogen.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined to high temperature mixing machine (Zhangjagang City Hong Ji Machinery Co., Ltd., model: mix SHR-50A), stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, wherein, stirring velocity during mixing is 750rpm, and mixing time is 8 minutes, and mixing temperature is 150 ℃.
3, wood is moulded to mixture and joined in equidirectional parallel double-screw extruder, extrude, utilize plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 145 ℃, and rotating speed is 60rpm.
4, the wood plastic composite pellet making is made to finished product wood-plastic composite panel or section bar with compression molding forming machine.
The density of the wood plastic composite of preparing with standard test methods > > detection the present embodiment of displacement method mensuration plastic density and proportion (relative density) according to U.S. material and the experiment ASTM D792-00 < < of association;
Composite bending modulus, the bending strength of the wood plastic composite of preparing according to U.S. material and bending strength method of inspection > > detection the present embodiment of experiment association's ASTM D790-97 < < plastic cement and megohmite;
The compressive strength of the wood plastic composite of preparing according to U.S. material and test method > > detection the present embodiment of the experiment ASTM D695-02a < < of association rigid plastics anti-compression property;
The water-intake rate of the wood plastic composite of preparing according to U.S. material and test method > > detection the present embodiment of the experiment ASTM D570-98 of association (2005) < < plastic ink absorption rate;
Expansion rate of water absorption, the water ratio of the wood plastic composite of preparing according to GB GB/T17657-1999 < < Test methods of evaluating the properties of woodbased panels and surface decorated woodbased panels > > detection the present embodiment.
The capability and performance index parameter of wood plastic composite prepared by the present embodiment, detected result is in Table 1.
Embodiment 2
1, according to following weight part proportioning, get the raw materials ready:
Wherein, the molecular weight of described polypropylene (PP) plastics is 10000-300000, and melting index (MI, g/10min) is 0.2-1; The molecular weight of maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene is 12000-300000, and percentage of grafting is 1.5-2.5%, melting index 0.3-1.2g/10min.The molecular weight of polyethylene wax is 2500-3000, density 0.92-0.94g/cm
3, viscosity 0.7-1.2Pas (140 ℃); The nitrogen content of ammonium polyphosphate is 22%-25%, phosphorus content>=20%, and molecular weight is > 10
5.
Wherein, the step that modified plant fibers carries out is in the following order prepared from:
A) agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm, be placed in blaster, open blaster admission valve, pass into the saturated vapor that relative pressure is 4.0MPa, make the relative pressure in blaster reach 2.5MPa, under this pressure, keep 10min, cotton stalk material is carried out to decatize processing;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, cotton stalk moment explosion is spurted to normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed in moisture eliminator and at 150 ℃, carries out drying treatment, make water ratio and be 9% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in high temperature mixing machine and mixed, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds compound, and wherein, stirring velocity during mixing is 800rpm, and mixing time is 10 minutes, and mixing temperature is 120 ℃.
3, the above-mentioned compound preparing is directly made to finished product wood-plastic composite panel or section bar with compression molding forming machine.
The capability and performance index parameter of wood plastic composite prepared by the present embodiment, detected result is in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
1, according to following weight part proportioning, get the raw materials ready:
Wherein, the molecular weight of high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) is 40000-300000, density 0.94g/cm
3, melting index (MI, g/10min) is 0.3-0.5; The molecular weight 10000-300000 of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, percentage of grafting is 1-2%, melting index 0.5-0.6g/10min.
Wherein, the step that modified plant fibers carries out is in the following order prepared from:
A) agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm, after being placed in blaster, open blaster admission valve, pass into the saturated vapor that relative pressure is 2.5MPa, make the relative pressure in blaster reach 1.5MPa, under this pressure, keep 45min, cotton stalk material is carried out to decatize processing;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed in moisture eliminator and at 200 ℃, carries out drying treatment, making water ratio is 5% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in high temperature mixing machine and mixed, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds compound, and wherein, stirring velocity during mixing is 700rpm, and mixing time is 20 minutes, and mixing temperature is 170 ℃.
3, the above-mentioned compound preparing is directly used to conical double screw extruder extrusion all size section bar, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 150 ℃, and rotating speed is 80-100rpm.
The capability and performance index parameter of wood plastic composite prepared by the present embodiment, detected result is in Table 1.
Embodiment 4
1, according to following weight part proportioning, get the raw materials ready:
Wherein, the molecular weight of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is 20000-30000, density 0.91g/cm3, melting index 0.5g/10min; The molecular weight of polyethylene wax is 1400-8000.
Wherein, the step that modified plant fibers carries out is in the following order prepared from:
A) agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm, after being placed in blaster, open blaster pressure valve, pass into the saturated vapor that relative pressure is 3.0MPa, make the relative pressure in blaster reach 2.5MPa, under this pressure, keep 30min, cotton stalk material is carried out to decatize processing;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material feedstock is spurted to normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) explosion cotton stalk vegetable-fibre slurry is placed in moisture eliminator and at 150 ℃, carries out drying treatment, making water ratio is 7% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in high temperature mixing machine and mixed, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, and wherein, stirring velocity during mixing is 500rpm, and mixing time is 10 minutes, and mixing temperature is 150 ℃.
3, wood is moulded to mixture and joined in equidirectional parallel double-screw extruder, extrude, utilize plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 160 ℃, and rotating speed is 60rpm.
4, wood plastic composite pellet is directly used to conical double screw extruder extrusion all size section bar, wherein the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 155 ℃, and rotating speed is 100rpm.
The capability and performance index parameter of wood plastic composite prepared by the present embodiment, detected result is in Table 1.
Embodiment 5
1, according to following weight part proportioning, get the raw materials ready:
Wherein, the molecular weight of described polypropylene (PP) plastics is 10000-300000, and melting index (MI, g/10min) is 0.2-1.
Wherein, the step that modified plant fibers carries out is in the following order prepared from:
A) agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm, after being placed in blaster, open blaster admission valve, pass into the saturated vapor that relative pressure is 3.5MPa, make the relative pressure in blaster reach 3MPa, under this pressure, keep 20min, cotton stalk material is carried out to decatize processing;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed in moisture eliminator and at 180 ℃, carries out drying treatment, making water ratio is 6% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in high temperature mixing machine and mixed, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, and wherein, stirring velocity during mixing is 750rpm, and mixing time is 10 minutes, and mixing temperature is 175 ℃.
3, wood is moulded to mixture and joined in equidirectional parallel double-screw extruder, extrude, utilize plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 170 ℃, and rotating speed is 100rpm.
4, wood plastic composite pellet is directly used to conical double screw extruder extrusion all size section bar, wherein the Heating temperature of screw extrusion press is 165 ℃, and rotating speed is 50rpm.
The capability and performance index parameter of wood plastic composite prepared by the present embodiment, detected result is in Table 1.
Embodiment 6
1, according to following weight part proportioning, get the raw materials ready:
Wherein, the molecular weight of described polypropylene (PP) plastics is 10000-300000, and melting index (MI, g/10min) is 0.2-1; The molecular weight of maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene is 12000-300000, and percentage of grafting is 1.5-2.5%, melting index 0.3-1.2g/10min; The nitrogen content of ammonium polyphosphate is 22%-25%, phosphorus content>=20%, and molecular weight is > 10
5.
Wherein, the step that modified plant fibers carries out is in the following order prepared from:
A) agricultural wastes cotton stalk is cut into the cotton stalk material section of long 20-40mm, after being placed in blaster, open blaster admission valve, pass into the saturated vapor that relative pressure is 4MPa, make the relative pressure in blaster reach 3.5MPa, under this pressure, keep 10min, cotton stalk material is carried out to decatize processing;
B) open the baiting valve of blaster, the moment explosion of cotton stalk material is spurted to normal pressure receiving vessel, produce blasting effect, obtain explosion cotton stalk fiber;
C) explosion cotton stalk fiber is placed in moisture eliminator and at 200 ℃, carries out drying treatment, making water ratio is 5% modified plant fibers.
2, above-mentioned all raw materials are joined in high temperature mixing machine and mixed, stirring and evenly mixing, reaction makes wood and moulds mixture, and wherein, stirring velocity during mixing is 800rpm, and mixing time is 20 minutes, and mixing temperature is 180 ℃.
3, mixture is joined to equidirectional parallel double-screw extruder and extrude, utilize plane of structure cutting knife to cut off, obtain wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, screw rod Heating temperature is 175 ℃, and rotating speed is 90rpm.
4, matrix material pellet is produced to sheet material or the section bar of all size with injection moulding machine.
The capability and performance index parameter of matrix material prepared by the present embodiment, detected result is in Table 1.
The performance index detected result of table 1 wood plastic composite
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | |
| Density (kg/m 3) | 1102 | 1123 | 1105 | 1070 | 1092 | 1116 |
| Composite bending modulus (MPa) | 3.3 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.8 |
| Bending strength (MPa) | 39.0 | 46.2 | 40.2 | 30.8 | 36.7 | 44.8 |
| Compressive strength (MPa) | 25.8 | 31.0 | 28.1 | 24.3 | 26.8 | 30.5 |
| Expansion rate of water absorption (%) | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| Water-intake rate (%) | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Water ratio (%) | 3.5 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
Detected result shows:
1, the wood plastic composite intensity that prepared by the present invention is high, and bending strength reaches 30.8-46.2MPa; Composite bending modulus reaches 2.8-4.1MPa; Compressive strength reaches 25.8-31.0MPa;
The dimensional stability of the wood plastic composite that 2, prepared by the present invention is high, and water-intake rate, water ratio and expansion rate of water absorption are low, and the water ratio of matrix material is lower than 3.8%; Water-intake rate is lower than 2.8%; Expansion rate of water absorption is only 2.2-2.6%;
The capability and performance index of the wood plastic composite that 3, prepared by the present invention has surpassed normal wood plastic composite materials, reaches the requirement of LY/T1613-2004 extruding wood-plastic composite panel.
Reference examples 1
Except by the Powdered cotton stalk material powder of agricultural wastes cotton stalk crushing, with cotton stalk powder, to prepare outside wood plastic composite, all the other are identical with embodiment 1, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is in Table 2.
Reference examples 2
Except by the Powdered cotton stalk material powder of agricultural wastes cotton stalk crushing, with cotton stalk powder, to prepare outside wood plastic composite, all the other are identical with embodiment 2, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is in Table 2.
Reference examples 3
Except by the Powdered cotton stalk material powder of agricultural wastes cotton stalk crushing, with cotton stalk powder, to prepare outside wood plastic composite, all the other are identical with embodiment 3, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is in Table 2.
Reference examples 4
Except by the Powdered cotton stalk material powder of agricultural wastes cotton stalk crushing, with cotton stalk powder, to prepare outside wood plastic composite, all the other are identical with embodiment 4, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is in Table 2.
Reference examples 5
Except by the Powdered cotton stalk material powder of agricultural wastes cotton stalk crushing, with cotton stalk powder, to prepare outside wood plastic composite, all the other are identical with embodiment 5, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is in Table 2.
Reference examples 6
Except by the Powdered cotton stalk material powder of agricultural wastes cotton stalk crushing, with cotton stalk powder, to prepare outside wood plastic composite, all the other are identical with embodiment 6, and the capability and performance detected result of the wood plastic composite of preparation is in Table 2.
The performance index detected result of table 2 wood plastic composite
| Reference examples 1 | Reference examples 2 | Reference examples 3 | Reference examples 4 | Reference examples 5 | Reference examples 6 | |
| Composite bending modulus (MPa) | 2.8 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.2 |
| Bending strength (MPa) | 34.6 | 41.1 | 35.8 | 26.7 | 32.7 | 38.8 |
| Compressive strength (MPa) | 22.8 | 27.1 | 25.4 | 21.8 | 23.1 | 26.8 |
| Expansion rate of water absorption (%) | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.1 |
| Water-intake rate (%) | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.3 |
The detected result of table 1, table 2 shows: the present invention be take and adopted the intensity of the wood plastic composite that modified plant fibers prepared by explosion treatment cotton stalk material prepared as raw material significantly to improve, and bending strength has improved more than 12%; Compressive strength has improved more than 10%.Test example fire retardancy test
The burns oxygen index of the wood plastic composite of preparing according to GB GB/T8924-2005 < < fibre reinforced plastics combustibility test method oxygen index method > > detection the present embodiment.
Wood plastic composite prepared by embodiment 1-6 is made the test sample that thickness is 3mm, and it is standby that each embodiment makes 6 test samples.
First: sample is vertically arranged on the central position of combustion barrel, sample top is lower than combustion barrel top 100mm at least, sample expose portion lowest part is higher than combustion barrel bottom 100mm at least; Then with the speed of (40 ± 2) mm/s, washing combustion barrel is 30s at least; Then light sample, repeatedly carry out the operation of a bar and b bar below, recording three sample combustion times is minimum oxygen concn more than 3min, i.e. the oxygen concn value of a bar, but the difference of the oxygen concn of a bar and b bar gained should be less than 0.5%;
Wherein, a) sample is greater than 3m in combustion time, reduces oxygen concn;
B) sample is less than 3m in combustion time, increases oxygen concn.
Finally record fire retardancy test detected result.Fire retardancy test oxygen index detected result is as shown in table 3.
The oxygen index detected result of table 3 wood plastic composite
| Oxygen index (%) | |
| Embodiment 1 | 28.6 |
| Embodiment 2 | 28.8 |
| Embodiment 3 | 26.3 |
| Embodiment 4 | 27.0 |
| Embodiment 5 | 28.5 |
| Embodiment 6 | 28.6 |
Detected result shows: wood plastic composite prepared by the present invention has good flame retardant effect, and the oxygen index of material is 26.3-28.8%, reaches the B2 rank in GB50222-95 (code for fire prevention design of interior decoration of buildings).
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for wood plastic composite, is characterized in that:
1) agricultural wastes cotton stalk fiber material is placed in after blaster, in blaster, passes into the saturated steam that relative pressure is 2.5-4Mpa, carry out the decatize of 5-45min and process;
2) baiting valve of blaster is opened, cotton haulm raw material is carried out to the explosion treatment that cotton stalk fiber cell separates from middle lamella, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber of surface attachment one deck xylogen;
3) explosion cotton stalk fiber is carried out to drying treatment at 100-200 ℃ of temperature, obtain the modified plant fibers of water ratio≤10%;
4), after obtaining described modified plant fibers, according to following weight part proportioning, prepare raw material
5) described raw material is mixed, obtain compound, wherein, the temperature that described raw material mixes is 120-200 ℃; The time of mixing is 5-20min; During mixing, stir speed (S.S.) is 300-800rpm;
6) by compound extrusion moulding, compression molding or injection moulding, wherein, the Heating temperature that is used for realizing the screw extrusion press of extrusion moulding is 120-180 ℃, and rotating speed is 50-100rpm.
2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the proportioning of parts by weight of raw materials described in step 4) is:
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described plastics are selected from vinyon or/and acrylic plastering.
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described compatilizer is selected from one or more in maleic anhydride, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride inoculated polypropylene, chlorinatedpolyethylene, Chlorinated Polypropylene III.
5. a preparation method for wood plastic composite, is characterized in that: comprise as follows step in sequence:
1) agricultural wastes cotton stalk fiber material is placed in after blaster, in blaster, passes into the saturated steam that relative pressure is 2.5-4Mpa, carry out the decatize of 5-45min and process;
2) baiting valve of blaster is opened, cotton haulm raw material is carried out to the explosion treatment that cotton stalk fiber cell separates from middle lamella, obtain the explosion cotton stalk fiber of surface attachment one deck xylogen;
3) explosion cotton stalk fiber is carried out to drying treatment at 100-200 ℃ of temperature, obtain the modified plant fibers of water ratio≤10%;
4), after obtaining described modified plant fibers, according to following weight part proportioning, prepare raw material
5) described raw material is mixed, make wood and mould mixture, wherein, the temperature that described raw material mixes is 90-180 ℃; The time of mixing is 5-20min; During mixing, stir speed (S.S.) is 300-800rpm;
6) wood is moulded to mixture and joined extruding pelletization in screw extrusion press, obtain wood plastic composite pellet, wherein, the Heating temperature that is used for realizing the screw extrusion press of extruding pelletization is 100-180 ℃, and rotating speed is 60-100rpm;
7) by the extrusion moulding of wood plastic composite pellet, compression molding or injection moulding, wherein, the Heating temperature that is used for realizing the screw extrusion press of extrusion moulding is 110-180 ℃, and rotating speed is 50-100rpm.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that the proportioning of parts by weight of raw materials described in step 4) is:
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