CN102669034A - Artificial ripening cultivation method for sea horse parent fish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial maturation-accelerating cultivation method for broodstock of seahorses, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The specific steps of the method are to capture seahorses that have reached the age of sexual maturity from the sea area, and cultivate them in a breeding pond filled with sargassum or Eucheuma according to the male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1-1.4 and the stocking density of 25-30 tails/ ^m3 . ; During the cultivation process, feed the high-quality bait of Penaeus vannamei larvae twice a day, and carry out daily management in combination with the management methods of changing water with running water, siphoning the bottom of the pond, and aerating for 24 hours. The present invention simulates the ecological environment conditions of the seahorse in the natural sea area to the greatest extent, and according to its life rules and feeding habits, feeds suitable entanglements and bait with rich nutrition and stable sources to provide environmental conditions suitable for the maturation of its gonads. Under the condition of not raising the temperature, it can be promoted to mature and reproduce in advance, increase the number of reproduction and litter size, and can reduce the occurrence of diseases; the method of the invention is easy to operate and has obvious effect.

Description

A kind of artificial maturation-promoting cultivation method of big seahorse broodstock

technical field

The invention relates to an artificially enhanced maturation-promoting cultivation method for broodstock in the artificial breeding process of seawater economic fish, in particular to an artificial maturation-promoting cultivation method for seahorse broodstock, which belongs to the field of aquaculture.

Background technique

For many aquatic economic animals, in the process of gonad development, maturation and reproduction, nutrition plays a decisive role in the growth and development speed of reproductive cells, and light and water temperature are also necessary external environmental conditions for aquatic economic animals to complete their reproductive activities. The gonads mature and reproduce only when the effective accumulated temperature in the natural environment reaches a certain level. For aquatic economic animals that have reached sexual maturity, if the temperature does not reach the temperature required for spawning, they cannot complete reproductive activities. Generally, the higher the water temperature, the shorter the time required for the mature cycle of gonad development. At the same time, as an important environmental condition, light also has a significant impact on the reproductive activities and gonad development of aquatic animals.

Seahorses belong to the genus Hippocampus of the family Trignathidae, and are widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas where seaweed and seaweed grow luxuriantly. When it is still, it wraps its tail around objects that can be attached to seaweed and the like, and sometimes drifts with the floating objects. There are more than 30 species of seahorses in the world, and there are 5 species of seahorses common in the coast of my country, namely the big seahorse, the lined seahorse, the three-spotted seahorse, the small seahorse and the spiny seahorse. The hippocampus is flat and tall, with a protruding abdomen, and the trunk is composed of 10-12 bony rings. The tail is slender, and the head is horse-head-shaped, curved, and at right angles to the trunk. Body without scales, without lateral line. The dorsal fin is located between the trunk and tail. The anal fin is short, the pectoral fin is short and wide, there is no caudal fin, and the tail is pointed and bald. Each fin has no spines, and the rays are not branched. The male tail has a brood pouch. Seahorse is a kind of marine economic fish, and it is also a kind of precious Chinese medicinal material. It is known as "Southern Ginseng" and is favored by domestic and foreign markets. With the continuous deterioration of the seawater environment and the increasing demand for seahorses, overfishing has led to a sharp decline in the natural resources of seahorses in natural sea areas. Some sea areas that used to be rich in seahorses have no seahorses to catch. They have become endangered animals. Therefore, hippocampus has been included in the national list of protected animals and listed as a "Southern Medicine" species for key development.

In order to alleviate the passive situation that the supply of seahorses exceeds demand in the market and protect the natural resources of seahorses, artificial breeding and industrialized breeding of seahorses are effective ways to solve the above problems. my country's seahorse artificial breeding was successfully tested in Guangdong in 1957. In the 1970s, artificial breeding and breeding were carried out along the coasts of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and other places. The main species are seahorses, three-spotted seahorses and linear seahorse. At present, there are many problems in artificial breeding and breeding of hippocampus, especially bait and disease. The reproduction of seahorses is different from that of other fishes. Mature male and female seahorses are in estrus and mate. The female seahorses lay eggs in the brood sac of the male seahorse. At the same time, the male seahorse excretes sperm. The fertilized eggs develop in the brood sac of the male seahorse and hatch after a certain period of time. Seedlings emerge. Seahorses that have given birth to juveniles can mate quickly as long as the conditions are right. Seahorses in natural sea areas do not produce many young seahorses per litter. Due to the limited reproductive capacity, seahorses need to reserve more broodstock in order to meet the large-scale artificial breeding. Therefore, improving its reproductive capacity is one of the key issues in solving the large-scale artificial breeding of hippocampus. The present invention provides environmental conditions suitable for the gonad development of the hippocampus and feeds artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae as bait, and strengthens and promotes maturation in the indoor cement cultivation pool, so that the survival rate of the broodstock is high, and there is no need to raise the temperature. It can make broodstock mature in advance, increase the number of reproduction and litter size at the same time, effectively solve the above problems, and the source of the bait fed is convenient and not affected by the weather.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies, to provide a method for artificially promoting maturation of seahorse broodstock, which simulates the ecological conditions of seahorses in natural sea areas, so that it can quickly adapt to the new living environment when it is cultivated in cement ponds, and The source of bait for feeding is convenient and stable, which can make the seahorse mature in advance and improve the reproductive ability without heating up.

In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for artificially promoting maturation of big seahorse broodstock, comprising the steps of:

(1) Put sand-filtered seawater in the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to be 1.4-1.6m when feeding broodstock for cultivation;

(2) Put sargassum or Eucheuma in the cultivation pond for the broodstock of the big horse to entangle and inhabit and improve the water quality of the cultivation pond;

(3) Selection of broodstock and stocking density: Select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. The ratio of ~1.4 and the stocking density of 25 ~ 30 tails/ ^m3 are put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation;

(4) Daily management: Feed Penaeus vannamei juveniles at 8:00 and 16:00 every day; in order to keep the water temperature in the cultivation pond constant, use convection water to change the water during the day, with a flow rate of 0.5-0.6 tons/hour; 3 to 5 days, stop the gas, and remove the dirt on the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas is stopped for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activity of the broodstock every day, adjust the feeding amount in time, and do a good job in disease prevention and treatment at the same time measure.

The sargassum or Eucheuma is collected from the sea area, and the length of Sargassum is 50-80 cm, and that of Eucheuma is 12-25 cm.

The delivery method of the sargassum or Eucheuma is as follows: clamp the Sargassum or Eucheuma on stones, and place them evenly at a density of 2-3 Sargassum/ ^m2 or 5-6 Eucheuma/ ^m2 At the bottom of the cultivation pool, under the buoyancy of the water, the body of the Sargassum or Eucheuma algae is fully extended upward.

The Penaeus vannamei juveniles to be fed are artificially cultivated, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm, and the feeding amount is between 0.5-0.6 tails/L of Penaeus vannamei juveniles in water.

The broodstock breeding pond is a cement pond with an area of 15-18m ³ and a depth of 1.8m; a scaffold is built above the cultivation pond, and the top and surroundings of the scaffold are sealed and kept warm with a white plastic film, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade cloth to adjust the light Strength; 6-10 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool for oxygenation to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water.

The gas stop refers to completely closing the valve controlling the gas volume of the gas stone.

The beneficial effects of the present invention relative to the prior art are as follows: the present invention is based on the life, feeding habits and gonad development characteristics of the seahorse in the natural sea area, and when artificially cultivating broodstock, put in Sargassum or Eucheuma for the habitat of the seahorse. Feeding nutrient-rich Penaeus vannamei juveniles and providing stable environmental factors that satisfy the maturation of the gonads of the hippocampus, compared with the prior art, the method for artificially promoting maturation of the hippocampus according to the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) According to the living characteristics of seahorses that like to wrap their tails around seaweed in natural sea areas, this invention simulates the ecological environment conditions of sea horses in natural sea areas to the greatest extent by putting sargassum or Eucheuma in the cement cultivation pool , so that the seahorse can cling to the large seaweed it likes to inhabit in a relatively constant temperature environment; at the same time, the large seaweed can effectively use the feces produced by the seahorse as its own nutrients, reduce the content of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen in the water, and reduce occurrence of disease;

(2) The bait fed is rich in nutrients, stable and convenient, and has a high survival rate of broodstock. It can make the seahorse mature and give birth in advance and improve its reproductive ability without heating up.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below through examples, and these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1 According to the method of the present invention, adopt the following steps to carry out the artificial maturing cultivation of seahorse broodstock.

1. Training facilities:

(1) Cultivation pond: A cement cultivation pond is built indoors. The cultivation pond has an area of 15m ³ and a depth of 1.8m. There is a scaffold above the cultivation pond. The top and surrounding of the scaffold are sealed with white plastic film for heat preservation, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade Cloth to adjust the light intensity; 8 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water;

(2) Put sand-filtered seawater into the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to 1.5m when feeding broodstock for cultivation.

2. Collect sargassum with a length of 50-80 cm from the sea area for the entanglement of broodstock and improve the water quality of the cultivation pool; when putting in, put the sargassum on the stones, and evenly distribute the sargassum at a density of 2 sargassum/ ^m2 Put it on the bottom of the cultivation pond, and under the buoyancy of the water, the sargassum algae can be fully extended upward.

3. Selection of broodstock and breeding density: Select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. Ratio, stocking density of 28 tails/m ³ was put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation.

4. Daily management:

(1) Feed feeding: The bait to be fed is artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm. It is fed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day. The amount of feeding is: Penaeus vannamei in water The density of larvae is 0.5 fish/L;

(2) During the day, use convective water with a flow rate of 0.5 tons/hour to change the water to keep the water temperature in the cultivation pool relatively constant;

(3) Every 4 days, completely close the valve that controls the gas volume of the gas stone, stop the gas, and suck up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas stop for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activities of the broodstock every day , adjust the feeding amount in time, and take measures for disease prevention and treatment at the same time.

In the present example, after the hippocampus was cultivated for 31 days, the survival rate of the pro-hippocampus cultivated by the method of the present invention was 100%, the highest litter size was 923 tails, and the average litter size was 654 tails/tail times. Seahorses littered repeatedly 3 times.

Embodiment 2 According to the method of the present invention, adopt the following steps to carry out the artificial maturing cultivation of seahorse broodstock.

1. Training facilities:

(1) Cultivation pond: A cement cultivation pond is built indoors, with an area of 18m ³ and a depth of 1.8m. There is a scaffold above the cultivation pond. The top and surroundings of the scaffold are sealed with white plastic film for heat preservation, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade Cloth to adjust the light intensity; 10 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water;

(2) Put sand-filtered seawater into the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to 1.6m when feeding broodstock for cultivation.

2. Collect sargassum with a length of 50-80 cm from the sea area for the entanglement and habitat of the big horsefish broodstock and improve the water quality of the cultivation pool; when putting in, put the sargassum on the stones, and press the density of 3 sargassum/ ^m2 to be uniform Put it on the bottom of the cultivation pond, and under the buoyancy of the water, the sargassum algae can be fully extended upward.

3. Selection of broodstock and breeding density: select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. Ratio, stocking density of 25 tails/m ³ was put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation.

4. Daily management:

(1) Feed feeding: The bait to be fed is artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm. It is fed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day, and the amount of feeding is: Penaeus vannamei in water The density of larvae is 0.6 fish/L;

(2) During the day, use convective water with a flow rate of 0.5 tons/hour for water exchange to keep the water temperature in the cultivation pool relatively constant;

(3) Every 5 days, completely close the valve that controls the gas volume of the gas stone, stop the gas, and suck up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas stop for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activities of the broodstock every day , adjust the feeding amount in time, and take measures for disease prevention and treatment at the same time.

In the present example, the broodstock of seahorses cultivated by the method of the present invention for 34 days entered the breeding period and littered, with an average litter size of 681 tails/times, and the survival rate during the breeding period reached 100%.

Embodiment 3 According to the method of the present invention, the following steps are used to artificially promote the maturation of seahorse broodstock.

1. Training facilities:

(1) Cultivation pond: A cement cultivation pond is built indoors. The cultivation pond has an area of 16m ³ and a depth of 1.8m. There is a scaffold above the cultivation pond. The top and surrounding of the scaffold are sealed and kept warm with white plastic film, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade Cloth to adjust the light intensity; 6 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool for oxygenation to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water;

(2) Put sand-filtered seawater into the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to 1.4m when feeding broodstock for cultivation.

2. Collect Eucheuma with a length of 12-25cm from the sea area for the entanglement and habitat of the seahorse broodstock and improve the water quality of the cultivation pond; when putting in, clamp the Eucheuma on the rocks, and uniformly density 5 Eucheuma/ ^m2 Put it on the bottom of the cultivation pool, and make the Eucheuma algae fully straighten up under the buoyancy of the water.

3. Selection of broodstock and breeding density: Select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. Ratio, stocking density of 30 tails/m ³ was put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation.

4. Daily management:

(1) Feed feeding: The bait to be fed is artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm. It is fed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day, and the amount of feeding is: Penaeus vannamei in water The density of larvae is 0.6 fish/L;

(2) During the day, the convective water with a flow rate of 0.6 tons/hour is used for water exchange to keep the water temperature of the cultivation pool constant;

(3) Every 3 days, completely close the valve that controls the gas volume of the gas stone, stop the gas, and suck up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas stop for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activities of the broodstock every day , adjust the feeding amount in time, and take measures for disease prevention and treatment at the same time.

In this embodiment, 452 pro-seahorses were put in altogether, and littering began after 37 days of cultivation. Only 1 pro-hippocampus was cultivated by the method of the present invention and died, with an average litter size of 702 per tail, and some broodstocks were repeated after 30 days. calving.

Claims (6)

1. an artificial maturation-promoting cultivation method for seahorse broodstock, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: (1) Put sand-filtered seawater in the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to be 1.4-1.6m when feeding broodstock for cultivation; (2) Put sargassum or Eucheuma in the cultivation pond for the broodstock of the big horse to entangle and inhabit and improve the water quality of the cultivation pond; (3) Selection of broodstock and stocking density: Select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. The ratio of ~1.4 and the stocking density of 25 ~ 30 tails/ ^m3 are put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation; (4) Daily management: Feed Penaeus vannamei juveniles at 8:00 and 16:00 every day; in order to keep the water temperature in the cultivation pond constant, use convection water to change the water during the day, with a flow rate of 0.5-0.6 tons/hour; 3 to 5 days, stop the gas, and remove the dirt on the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas is stopped for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activity of the broodstock every day, adjust the feeding amount in time, and do a good job in disease prevention and treatment at the same time measure. 2. The method for artificially promoting maturation of seahorse broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: said Sargassum or Eucheuma are collected from sea areas, Sargassum is 50-80 cm long, and Eucheuma is 12-25 cm. 3. according to claim 1 and 2 described artificial ripening-promoting cultivation methods of seahorse broodstock, it is characterized in that: the throwing mode of described Sargassum or Eucheuma is: Sargassum or Eucheuma is clipped on the stone, and 2-3 sargassum/ ^m2 or 5-6 Eucheuma/ ^m2 are evenly placed on the bottom of the cultivation pool, under the buoyancy of the water, the body of sargassum or Eucheuma can be fully extended upward. 4. The method for artificially promoting maturation of seahorse broodstock according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the larvae of Penaeus vannamei are artificially cultivated, with a body length of 0.8 to 1.2 cm. The feeding amount is between 0.5 and 0.6 tails/L of Penaeus vannamei larvae in the water. 5. The method for artificially promoting maturation of seahorse broodstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the broodstock cultivation pond is a cement pond with an area of 15-18m ³ and a depth of 1.8m; The top and surroundings of the scaffolding are sealed and kept warm with white plastic film, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade cloth to adjust the light intensity; 6-10 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool for oxygenation to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water. 6 . The method for artificially promoting maturation of seahorse broodstock according to claim 1 , wherein the gas stop refers to completely closing the valve controlling the gas volume of the gas stone. 7 .