CN102669034A - Artificial ripening cultivation method for sea horse parent fish - Google Patents
Artificial ripening cultivation method for sea horse parent fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN102669034A CN102669034A CN201210204539XA CN201210204539A CN102669034A CN 102669034 A CN102669034 A CN 102669034A CN 201210204539X A CN201210204539X A CN 201210204539XA CN 201210204539 A CN201210204539 A CN 201210204539A CN 102669034 A CN102669034 A CN 102669034A
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- 101710037202 LRRC6 Proteins 0.000 title abstract 2
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- 241000269800 Percidae Species 0.000 description 1
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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[N].N CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cells Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000006694 eating habits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000006 pectoral fin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027272 reproductive process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial ripening cultivation method for sea horse parent fish, which belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The artificial ripening cultivation method comprises the following steps of: catching mature sea horses from a sea area, and cultivating the sea horses in a cultivation pool with gulfweed or eucheuma, wherein the male-female ratio of the sea horses is 1:(1.1-1.4), and the density of the released sea horses is 25 to 30 per cubic meter; and in the cultivation process of the sea horses, feeding quality baits, South American white larval shrimps, for two times each day, and performing daily management on the sea horses by a management method of changing water through convection, siphoning dirt on the bottom of the pool and aerating for 24 hours. The method can be used for maximally simulating the ecological environment conditions of the natural sea area in which the sea horses live, reducing diseases, and promoting the sea horses to mature and reproduce in advance and improving the reproduction times and quantities of the sea horses through casting suitable hangers-on, feeding the baits with rich nutrition and steady sources and providing environment conditions suitable for gonad mature of the sea horses according to the law of life and feeding habits of the sea horses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of in seawater economic fish artificial breeding process parent population artificial-strengthening accelerating breeding method, the artificial ripening breeding method of particularly a kind of big hippocampus parent population belongs to aquaculture field.
Background technology
Many aquatic products economic animals; In gonad development, maturation and reproductive process; Nutrition has decisive role to the g and D speed of reproductive cell; And illumination and water temperature etc. also to be the aquatic products economic animal accomplish the external environment condition that its reproduction activity must be many, have only effective accumulated temperature in the natural environment reach certain after, sexual gland just reaches ripe and breeds.To reaching sexually matured aquatic products economic animal, if but temperature does not reach the required temperature of laying eggs, can not accomplish reproduction activity.Generally be that water temperature is high more, the ripe required time in the cycle of its gonad development is just short more.Simultaneously, as important environmental condition, illumination also has appreciable impact to reproduction activity and the gonad development of aquatic livestock.
Hippocampus is subordinate to the Syngnathidae Hippocampus, is distributed widely in the place of the nearly inland sea in the torrid zone, subtropics and temperate zone marine alga, sea grass grow prolifically.When static, on the object that marine alga etc. can adhere to, also drift with the tide sometimes with floating thing with the afterbody circumvolution.There is kind surplus the hippocampus 30 in the whole world, and the coastal common hippocampus of China has 5 kinds, is respectively 5 kinds of big hippocampus, strain line hippocampus, hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs, little hippocampus and HIPPOCAMPUSs etc.Hippocampus is flat-sided, higher, the belly protrusion, and trunk is made up of 10-12 joint bone ring.Tails elongated, head is the head of the horse shape, and bending meets at right angles with trunk.Body does not have squama, no side line.Dorsal fin is positioned between trunk and afterbody.Anal fin is short and small, and pectoral fin is short wide, no tail fin, and the tail end point is bald.Each fin is inermis, and fin ray is branch not.Male afterbody tool child-bearing capsule.Hippocampus is a kind of marine products economic fish, also is a kind of famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine, have the title of " southern genseng ", extremely domestic and international market favor.Along with the continuous deterioration of briny environment and hippocampus demand are increasing and cause overfishing; Cause the hippocampus natural resources in the natural marine site sharply following; The present situation that no hippocampus can catch has appearred in some marine sites that abound with hippocampus in the past; Become animals on the brink of extinction, so hippocampus has been put into state guarantee animal register and has classified " southern medicine " kind of giving priority to as.
In order to alleviate hippocampus passive situation that supply falls short of demand and protection hippocampus natural resources on the market, carrying out hippocampus artificial breeding and industrial aquaculture is the effective way that addresses the above problem.China's hippocampus artificial breeding is cultured in nineteen fifty-seven and is tested successfully in Guangdong, and the seventies in 20th century, ground such as Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, Shandong are coastal all to carry out artificial breeding and breed, and main kind is big hippocampus, hippocampus trimaculatus Leacs and strain line hippocampus.Have many problems in hippocampus artificial breeding and the breed at present, bait wherein and disease are particularly outstanding.The reproduction of hippocampus is different with other fish, the mating of oestrusing of ripe male and female hippocampus, and female hippocampus produces ovum in the child-bearing capsule of male hippocampus, and simultaneously male hippocampus is discharged sperm, and fertilized egg is grown in the child-bearing capsule of male hippocampus, hatches seedling through certain hour.Produced the hippocampus of juvenile fish as long as condition is suitable, mating rapidly again.It is few that the every tire of the hippocampus of natural waters produces young hippocampus.Because fertility is limited, hippocampus need lay in more parent population and could satisfy large-scale artificial and grow seedlings when artificial breeding.Therefore, improving its fertility is to solve one of key issue that the hippocampus large-scale artificial grows seedlings.The present invention through the young shrimp of the Penaeus Vannmei of the environmental condition that suitable big hippocampus gonad development is provided and the artificial culture of throwing something and feeding as bait; Cultivate the pond at indoor cement it is strengthened the accelerating cultivation, the parent population survival rate is high, under the situation that need not heat up, can make the parent population ripen in advance; Improve breeding number of times and farrowing amount simultaneously; Solved the problems referred to above effectively, and the feed source of being thrown something and fed is convenient, does not receive weather effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to above-mentioned deficiency; The artificial ripening breeding method of a kind of big hippocampus parent population is provided; This method is simulated the ecological condition of big hippocampus at natural waters; Make it when cement pit is cultivated, can adapt to new living environment very soon, and the feed source of throwing something and feeding is convenient, stable, under the situation that need not heat up, can makes big hippocampus ripen in advance and improve reproduction ability.
For addressing the above problem, the technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: the artificial ripening breeding method of a kind of big hippocampus parent population comprises the steps:
(1) in cultivating the pond, put into the seawater through sand filtration, when the input parent population was cultivated, the degree of depth that seawater in the pond is cultivated in control was 1.4～1.6m;
(2) in cultivating the pond, throw in sargassum or Eucheuma, supply big hippocampus parent population to twine and attach perching and improve cultivation pond water quality;
(3) selection of parent population and cultivation density: the child-bearing capsule of selecting body surface and do not have wound, health, the male afterbody outside of belly expands; Long 16～the 20cm of body, the big hippocampus that catches from the sea area be as parent population, with parent population in ratio, 25～30 tails/m of male and female quantity than 1:1.1～1.4
3Breeding density throw in to cultivate in the pond and carry out reinforced cultivating;
(4) daily management: in 8:00, the 16:00 young shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding every day; For keeping cultivation pond, pond water water temperature constant, daytime, employing was changed water to flowing water, and flow velocity is 0.5～0.6 ton/hour; Whenever at a distance from 3～5 days, stop the supple of gas or steam, and after stopping the supple of gas or steam 30 minutes, remove the foul at the bottom of the pond with the method for siphon; Every day, the ingesting and active situation of observed and recorded parent population in time adjusted daily ration, feeding quantity, carried out the measure of preventing and curing diseases simultaneously.
Said sargassum or Eucheuma are to gather from the sea area, the long 50～80cm of sargassum, Eucheuma 12～25cm.
The input mode of said sargassum or Eucheuma is: sargassum or Eucheuma is clipped on the stone, and by 2～3 sargassum/m
2Or 5～6 Eucheuma/m
2Density evenly pendulum at the bottom of cultivating the pond, pond, sargassum or Eucheuma frond are up fully prolonged directly.
The young shrimp of said Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding is an artificial culture, the long 0.8～1.2cm of its body, and feeding volume is between 0.5～0.6 tail/L with the young shrimp density of Penaeus Vannmei in the water.
Said parent fish rearing pond is a cement pit, area 15～18m
3, dark 1.8m; Cultivate the top, pond and taken frame, with white plastic diaphragm seal insulation, the double-deck black puggaree of film loam cake was to regulate light intensity around the frame top reached; Lay 6～10 gas stones in the cultivation pond and carry out oxygenation to keep in water sufficient dissolved oxygen being arranged.
Said stopping the supple of gas or steam is meant that the valve with control gas stone tolerance closes fully.
The present invention is following with respect to the beneficial effect of prior art: the present invention is according to life, eating habit and the gonad development characteristics of big hippocampus at natural waters; The big hippocampus of input confession twines and attaches sargassum or the Eucheuma that perches when the artificial culture parent population; Throw something and feed the young shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei nutritious and the stable environment that the satisfies big hippocampus gonad maturity factor is provided; With respect to prior art, big hippocampus artificial ripening breeding method according to the invention has following advantage:
(1) likes with the afterbody circumvolution in this life characteristic of marine alga at natural waters based on big hippocampus; The present invention throws in sargassum or Eucheuma through cultivating at cement in the pond; To greatest extent simulation the ecological environmental condition of big hippocampus at natural waters; Make hippocampus at one comparatively under the environment of constant temperature, twine investing on its tangleweed of liking perching; Simultaneously, the ight soil that tangleweed can effectively utilize hippocampus and produced is as the nutriment of self, reduces in the water content of harmful such as ammonia nitrogen, reduces the generation of disease;
The food nutrition of (2) throwing something and feeding is abundant, steady sources, convenience, and the parent population survival rate is high, under the situation that need not heat up, can make big hippocampus ripen in advance farrowing and improve its reproduction ability.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is explained further details below, these embodiment only are used for explaining the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1According to the inventive method, the artificial ripening that adopts following steps to carry out big hippocampus parent population is cultivated.
1, cultivate facility:
(1) cultivates the pond: cultivate the pond at the indoor cement of building, cultivate pool area 15m
3, dark 1.8m, cultivate the top, pond and taken frame, the frame top and around with white plastic diaphragm seal insulation, the double-deck black puggaree of film loam cake is with the adjusting light intensity; Cultivate and lay 8 gas stones in the pond to keep in water sufficient dissolved oxygen being arranged;
(2) in cultivating the pond, put into the seawater of sand filtration, when throwing in parent population and cultivate, the degree of depth of control seawater in cultivating the pond is 1.5m.
2, acquisition length is that the sargassum of 50～80cm supplies big hippocampus parent population to twine to attach perching and improves and cultivate pond water quality from the sea area; During input, sargassum is clipped on the stone, and by 2 sargassum/m
2Density evenly pendulum at the bottom of cultivating the pond, pond, the sargassum frond is up fully prolonged directly.
3, selection of parent population and cultivation density: the child-bearing capsule of selecting body surface and do not have wound, health, the male afterbody outside of belly expands, and the long 16～20cm of body, the big hippocampus that catches from the sea area be as parent population, with parent population in ratio, 28 tails/m of male and female quantity than 1:1.2
3Breeding density throw in to cultivate in the pond and carry out reinforced cultivating.
4, daily management:
(1) bait feeding: the bait of being thrown something and fed is the young shrimp of the Penaeus Vannmei of artificial culture, the long 0.8～1.2cm of body, and 8:00,16:00 throw something and feed every day, and feeding volume is: the young shrimp density of Penaeus Vannmei is 0.5 tail/L in the water;
(2) adopt daytime flow velocity be 0.5 ton/hour flowing water is changed water, constant relatively keep to cultivate the pond water temperature;
(3) every at a distance from 4 days, the valve of control gas stone tolerance is closed fully, stop the supple of gas or steam, and after stopping the supple of gas or steam 30 minutes, sop up the method for the foul at the bottom of the pond with siphon; Every day, the ingesting and active situation of observed and recorded parent population in time adjusted daily ration, feeding quantity, carried out the measure of preventing and curing diseases simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, big hippocampus is adopted the inventive method to cultivate close hippocampus survival rate and reaches 100% after cultivating through 31 days, and 923 tails are measured in the highest farrowing, and average farrowing amount is 654 tails/tail, in 60 days, has the big hippocampus of part to repeat to farrow 3 times.
Embodiment 2According to the inventive method, the artificial ripening that adopts following steps to carry out big hippocampus parent population is cultivated.
1, cultivate facility:
(1) cultivates the pond: cultivate the pond at the indoor cement of building, cultivate pool area 18m
3, dark 1.8m, cultivate the top, pond and taken frame, the frame top and around with white plastic diaphragm seal insulation, the double-deck black puggaree of film loam cake is with the adjusting light intensity; Cultivate and lay 10 gas stones in the pond to keep in water sufficient dissolved oxygen being arranged;
(2) in cultivating the pond, put into the seawater of sand filtration, when throwing in parent population and cultivate, the degree of depth of control seawater in cultivating the pond is 1.6m.
2, acquisition length is that the sargassum of 50～80cm supplies big hippocampus parent population to twine to attach perching and improves and cultivate pond water quality from the sea area; During input, sargassum is clipped on the stone, and by 3 sargassum/m
2Density evenly pendulum at the bottom of cultivating the pond, pond, the sargassum frond is up fully prolonged directly.
3, selection of parent population and cultivation density: the child-bearing capsule of selecting body surface and do not have wound, health, the male afterbody outside of belly expands, and the long 16～20cm of body, the big hippocampus that catches from the sea area be as parent population, with parent population in ratio, 25 tails/m of male and female quantity than 1:1.4
3Breeding density throw in to cultivate in the pond and carry out reinforced cultivating.
4, daily management:
(1) bait feeding: the bait of being thrown something and fed is the young shrimp of the Penaeus Vannmei of artificial culture, the long 0.8～1.2cm of body, and 8:00,16:00 throw something and feed every day, and feeding volume is: the young shrimp density of Penaeus Vannmei is 0.6 tail/L in the water;
(2) adopt daytime flow velocity be 0.5 ton/hour flowing water is changed water, it is constant relatively keep to cultivate pond, pond water water temperature;
(3) every at a distance from 5 days, the valve of control gas stone tolerance is closed fully, stop the supple of gas or steam, and after stopping the supple of gas or steam 30 minutes, sop up the method for the foul at the bottom of the pond with siphon; Every day, the ingesting and active situation of observed and recorded parent population in time adjusted daily ration, feeding quantity, carried out the measure of preventing and curing diseases simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, the big hippocampus parent population of adopting the inventive method to cultivate 34 days gets into breeding period and farrowing, and average farrowing is amount 681 tails/tail, and survival rate reaches 100% during the breed.
Embodiment 3According to the inventive method, the artificial ripening that adopts following steps to carry out big hippocampus parent population is cultivated.
1, cultivate facility:
(1) cultivates the pond: cultivate the pond at the indoor cement of building, cultivate pool area 16m
3, dark 1.8m, cultivate the top, pond and taken frame, the frame top and around with white plastic diaphragm seal insulation, the double-deck black puggaree of film loam cake is with the adjusting light intensity; Lay 6 gas stones in the cultivation pond and carry out oxygenation to keep in water sufficient dissolved oxygen being arranged;
(2) in cultivating the pond, put into the seawater through sand filtration, when the input parent population was cultivated, the degree of depth of control seawater in cultivating the pond was 1.4m.
2, acquisition length is that the Eucheuma of 12～25cm supplies big hippocampus parent population to twine to attach perching and improves and cultivate pond water quality from the sea area; During input, Eucheuma is clipped on the stone, and by 5 Eucheuma/m
2Density evenly pendulum at the bottom of cultivating the pond, pond, the Eucheuma frond is up fully prolonged directly.
3, selection of parent population and cultivation density: the child-bearing capsule of selecting body surface and do not have wound, health, the male afterbody outside of belly expands, and the long 16～20cm of body, the big hippocampus that catches from the sea area be as parent population, with parent population in ratio, 30 tails/m of male and female quantity than 1:1.1
3Breeding density throw in to cultivate in the pond and carry out reinforced cultivating.
4, daily management:
(1) bait feeding: the bait of being thrown something and fed is the young shrimp of the Penaeus Vannmei of artificial culture, the long 0.8～1.2cm of body, and 8:00,16:00 throw something and feed every day, and feeding volume is: the young shrimp density of Penaeus Vannmei is 0.6 tail/L in the water;
(2) adopt daytime flow velocity be 0.6 ton/hour flowing water is changed water, it is constant keep to cultivate pond, pond water water temperature;
(3) every at a distance from 3 days, the valve of control gas stone tolerance is closed fully, stop the supple of gas or steam, and after stopping the supple of gas or steam 30 minutes, sop up the method for the foul at the bottom of the pond with siphon; Every day, the ingesting and active situation of observed and recorded parent population in time adjusted daily ration, feeding quantity, carried out the measure of preventing and curing diseases simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, throw in close hippocampus 452 tails altogether, begin farrowing after cultivating through 37 days, adopt the inventive method to cultivate only dead 1 tail of close hippocampus, 702 tails/tail is measured in average farrowing, has the part parent population to repeat farrowing after 30 days again.
Claims (6)
1. the artificial ripening breeding method of a big hippocampus parent population is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) in cultivating the pond, put into the seawater through sand filtration, when the input parent population was cultivated, the degree of depth that seawater in the pond is cultivated in control was 1.4～1.6m;
(2) in cultivating the pond, throw in sargassum or Eucheuma, supply big hippocampus parent population to twine and attach perching and improve cultivation pond water quality;
(3) selection of parent population and cultivation density: the child-bearing capsule of selecting body surface and do not have wound, health, the male afterbody outside of belly expands; Long 16～the 20cm of body, the big hippocampus that catches from the sea area be as parent population, with parent population in ratio, 25～30 tails/m of male and female quantity than 1:1.1～1.4
3Breeding density throw in to cultivate in the pond and carry out reinforced cultivating;
(4) daily management: in 8:00, the 16:00 young shrimp of Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding every day; For keeping cultivation pond, pond water water temperature constant, daytime, employing was changed water to flowing water, and flow velocity is 0.5～0.6 ton/hour; Whenever at a distance from 3～5 days, stop the supple of gas or steam, and after stopping the supple of gas or steam 30 minutes, remove the foul at the bottom of the pond with the method for siphon; Every day, the ingesting and active situation of observed and recorded parent population in time adjusted daily ration, feeding quantity, carried out the measure of preventing and curing diseases simultaneously.
2. the artificial ripening breeding method of big hippocampus parent population according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said sargassum or Eucheuma are to gather from the sea area, the long 50～80cm of sargassum, Eucheuma 12～25cm.
3. the artificial ripening breeding method of big hippocampus parent population according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the input mode of said sargassum or Eucheuma is: sargassum or Eucheuma are clipped on the stone, and by 2～3 sargassum/m
2Or 5～6 Eucheuma/m
2Density evenly pendulum at the bottom of cultivating the pond, pond, sargassum or Eucheuma frond are up fully prolonged directly.
4. according to the artificial ripening breeding methods of claim 1,2 or 3 described big hippocampus parent populations; It is characterized in that: the young shrimp of said Penaeus Vannmei of throwing something and feeding is an artificial culture; Long 0.8～the 1.2cm of its body, feeding volume is between 0.5～0.6 tail/L with the young shrimp density of Penaeus Vannmei in the water.
5. the artificial ripening breeding method of big hippocampus parent population according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said parent fish rearing pond is a cement pit, area 15～18m
3, dark 1.8m; Cultivate the top, pond and taken frame, with white plastic diaphragm seal insulation, the double-deck black puggaree of film loam cake was to regulate light intensity around the frame top reached; Lay 6～10 gas stones in the cultivation pond and carry out oxygenation to keep in water sufficient dissolved oxygen being arranged.
6. the artificial ripening breeding method of big hippocampus parent population according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said stopping the supple of gas or steam is meant that the valve with control gas stone tolerance closes fully.
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