CN102669034A - Artificial ripening cultivation method for sea horse parent fish - Google Patents
Artificial ripening cultivation method for sea horse parent fish Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大海马亲鱼的人工促熟培育方法,属于水产养殖技术领域。该方法具体步骤是将从海区捉捕已达性成熟年龄的大海马,按雌雄比1:1.1~1.4、放养密度25~30尾/m3在投放有马尾藻或麒麟菜的培育池中培育;培育过程中,每天投喂南美白对虾仔虾优质饵料两次,并结合对流水换水、虹吸池底脏物、24小时充气的管理方法进行日常管理。本发明最大限度模拟大海马在自然海区的生态环境条件,根据其生活规律及摄食习性,通过投放合适的缠附物,投喂营养丰富、来源稳定的饵料,提供适合其性腺成熟的环境条件,在不升温的情况下可促使其提前成熟繁殖及提高繁殖次数和产仔量,而且可以减少病害的发生;本发明方法操作简便、效果明显。 The invention discloses an artificial maturation-accelerating cultivation method for broodstock of seahorses, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. The specific steps of the method are to capture seahorses that have reached the age of sexual maturity from the sea area, and cultivate them in a breeding pond filled with sargassum or Eucheuma according to the male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1-1.4 and the stocking density of 25-30 tails/ m3 . ; During the cultivation process, feed the high-quality bait of Penaeus vannamei larvae twice a day, and carry out daily management in combination with the management methods of changing water with running water, siphoning the bottom of the pond, and aerating for 24 hours. The present invention simulates the ecological environment conditions of the seahorse in the natural sea area to the greatest extent, and according to its life rules and feeding habits, feeds suitable entanglements and bait with rich nutrition and stable sources to provide environmental conditions suitable for the maturation of its gonads. Under the condition of not raising the temperature, it can be promoted to mature and reproduce in advance, increase the number of reproduction and litter size, and can reduce the occurrence of diseases; the method of the invention is easy to operate and has obvious effect.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种在海水经济鱼类人工繁育过程中亲鱼人工强化促熟培育方法,特别是一种大海马亲鱼的人工促熟培育方法,属于水产养殖领域。 The invention relates to an artificially enhanced maturation-promoting cultivation method for broodstock in the artificial breeding process of seawater economic fish, in particular to an artificial maturation-promoting cultivation method for seahorse broodstock, which belongs to the field of aquaculture.
背景技术 Background technique
许多水产经济动物,在性腺发育、成熟及繁殖过程中,营养对生殖细胞的生长和发育速度具有决定性作用,而光照和水温等也是水产经济动物完成其生殖活动必不少的外部环境条件,只有自然环境中的有效积温达到一定后,性腺才达到成熟并进行繁殖。对已达性成熟的水产经济动物,但如果温度达不到产卵所需的温度,也不能完成生殖活动。一般是水温越高,其性腺发育的周期成熟所需的时间就越短。同时,作为重要的环境条件,光照对水产动物的生殖活动以及性腺发育也有显著影响。 For many aquatic economic animals, in the process of gonad development, maturation and reproduction, nutrition plays a decisive role in the growth and development speed of reproductive cells, and light and water temperature are also necessary external environmental conditions for aquatic economic animals to complete their reproductive activities. The gonads mature and reproduce only when the effective accumulated temperature in the natural environment reaches a certain level. For aquatic economic animals that have reached sexual maturity, if the temperature does not reach the temperature required for spawning, they cannot complete reproductive activities. Generally, the higher the water temperature, the shorter the time required for the mature cycle of gonad development. At the same time, as an important environmental condition, light also has a significant impact on the reproductive activities and gonad development of aquatic animals.
海马隶属海龙科海马属,广泛分布于热带、亚热带及温带近内海海藻、海草生长繁茂的地方。静止时,用尾部卷缠在海藻等可以附着的物体上,有时也随漂浮物随波逐流。全世界有海马30余种,我国沿海常见的海马有5种,分别是大海马、线纹海马、三斑海马、小海马和刺海马等5种。海马体侧扁、较高,腹部凸出,躯干部由10-12节骨环组成。尾部细长,头呈马头状,弯曲,与躯干部成直角。体无鳞,无侧线。背鳍位于躯干及尾部间。臀鳍短小,胸鳍短宽,无尾鳍,尾端尖秃。各鳍无棘,鳍条不分枝。雄性尾部具育儿囊。海马是一种海产经济鱼类,也是一种名贵的中药材,素有“南方人参”之称,倍受国内外市场青睐。随着海水环境的不断恶化及海马需求量日益增多而导致过度捕捞,致使天然海域中的海马自然资源急剧下,一些过去曾经盛产海马的海域出现了无海马可捕的现状,已成为濒危动物,因此海马已被列入国家保护动物名录及列为重点发展的“南药”品种。 Seahorses belong to the genus Hippocampus of the family Trignathidae, and are widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate areas where seaweed and seaweed grow luxuriantly. When it is still, it wraps its tail around objects that can be attached to seaweed and the like, and sometimes drifts with the floating objects. There are more than 30 species of seahorses in the world, and there are 5 species of seahorses common in the coast of my country, namely the big seahorse, the lined seahorse, the three-spotted seahorse, the small seahorse and the spiny seahorse. The hippocampus is flat and tall, with a protruding abdomen, and the trunk is composed of 10-12 bony rings. The tail is slender, and the head is horse-head-shaped, curved, and at right angles to the trunk. Body without scales, without lateral line. The dorsal fin is located between the trunk and tail. The anal fin is short, the pectoral fin is short and wide, there is no caudal fin, and the tail is pointed and bald. Each fin has no spines, and the rays are not branched. The male tail has a brood pouch. Seahorse is a kind of marine economic fish, and it is also a kind of precious Chinese medicinal material. It is known as "Southern Ginseng" and is favored by domestic and foreign markets. With the continuous deterioration of the seawater environment and the increasing demand for seahorses, overfishing has led to a sharp decline in the natural resources of seahorses in natural sea areas. Some sea areas that used to be rich in seahorses have no seahorses to catch. They have become endangered animals. Therefore, hippocampus has been included in the national list of protected animals and listed as a "Southern Medicine" species for key development.
为了缓解市场上海马供不应求的被动局面及保护海马自然资源,进行海马人工繁育及工厂化养殖是解决上述问题的有效途径。我国海马人工育苗养殖于1957年在广东试验成功,20世纪70年代,广东、福建、浙江及江苏、山东等地沿海均进行过人工育苗和养殖,主要种类为大海马、三斑海马和线纹海马。目前海马人工育苗及养殖中存在不少问题,其中的饵料和病害尤为突出。海马的生殖与其他鱼类不同,成熟的雌雄海马发情交配,雌海马将卵产在雄海马的育儿囊内,同时雄海马排出精子,受精卵在雄海马的育儿囊内发育,经一定时间孵出幼苗。产完幼鱼的海马只要条件适宜,又能迅速交配。自然海区的海马每胎产幼海马不多。由于繁殖能力有限,海马在人工繁育时需要储备更多的亲鱼才能满足规模化人工育苗。因此,提高其繁殖能力是解决海马规模化人工育苗的关键问题之一。本发明通过提供适宜大海马性腺发育的环境条件和投喂人工培育的南美白对虾仔虾作为饵料,在室内水泥培育池对其进行强化促熟培育,亲鱼成活率高,在无须升温的情况下能使亲鱼提前成熟,同时提高繁殖次数和产仔量,有效地解决了上述问题,而且所投喂的饵料来源方便,不受天气影响。 In order to alleviate the passive situation that the supply of seahorses exceeds demand in the market and protect the natural resources of seahorses, artificial breeding and industrialized breeding of seahorses are effective ways to solve the above problems. my country's seahorse artificial breeding was successfully tested in Guangdong in 1957. In the 1970s, artificial breeding and breeding were carried out along the coasts of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong and other places. The main species are seahorses, three-spotted seahorses and linear seahorse. At present, there are many problems in artificial breeding and breeding of hippocampus, especially bait and disease. The reproduction of seahorses is different from that of other fishes. Mature male and female seahorses are in estrus and mate. The female seahorses lay eggs in the brood sac of the male seahorse. At the same time, the male seahorse excretes sperm. The fertilized eggs develop in the brood sac of the male seahorse and hatch after a certain period of time. Seedlings emerge. Seahorses that have given birth to juveniles can mate quickly as long as the conditions are right. Seahorses in natural sea areas do not produce many young seahorses per litter. Due to the limited reproductive capacity, seahorses need to reserve more broodstock in order to meet the large-scale artificial breeding. Therefore, improving its reproductive capacity is one of the key issues in solving the large-scale artificial breeding of hippocampus. The present invention provides environmental conditions suitable for the gonad development of the hippocampus and feeds artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae as bait, and strengthens and promotes maturation in the indoor cement cultivation pool, so that the survival rate of the broodstock is high, and there is no need to raise the temperature. It can make broodstock mature in advance, increase the number of reproduction and litter size at the same time, effectively solve the above problems, and the source of the bait fed is convenient and not affected by the weather.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于针对上述不足,提供一种大海马亲鱼的人工促熟培育方法,该方法模拟大海马在自然海区的生态条件,使其在水泥池培育时能很快适应新的生活环境,且投喂的饵料来源方便、稳定,在无须升温的情况下能使大海马提前成熟和提高繁育能力。 The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies, to provide a method for artificially promoting maturation of seahorse broodstock, which simulates the ecological conditions of seahorses in natural sea areas, so that it can quickly adapt to the new living environment when it is cultivated in cement ponds, and The source of bait for feeding is convenient and stable, which can make the seahorse mature in advance and improve the reproductive ability without heating up.
为解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种大海马亲鱼的人工促熟培育方法,包括如下步骤: In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for artificially promoting maturation of big seahorse broodstock, comprising the steps of:
(1)在培育池内放入经砂滤的海水,在投放亲鱼进行培育时,控制培育池中海水的深度为1.4~1.6m; (1) Put sand-filtered seawater in the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to be 1.4-1.6m when feeding broodstock for cultivation;
(2)在培育池中投放马尾藻或麒麟菜,供大海马亲鱼缠附栖息及改善培育池水质; (2) Put sargassum or Eucheuma in the cultivation pond for the broodstock of the big horse to entangle and inhabit and improve the water quality of the cultivation pond;
(3)亲鱼的选择及养殖密度:挑选体表无外伤、健康、雄性尾部腹面的育儿囊膨大,体长16~20cm、从海区捕捉的大海马作为亲鱼,将亲鱼按雌雄数量比1:1.1~1.4的比例、25~30尾/m3的放养密度投放培育池中进行强化培育; (3) Selection of broodstock and stocking density: Select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. The ratio of ~1.4 and the stocking density of 25 ~ 30 tails/ m3 are put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation;
(4)日常管理:于每天8:00、16:00投喂南美白对虾仔虾;为保持培育池池水水温恒定,白天采用对流水进行换水,流速为0.5~0.6吨/小时;每隔3~5天,停气,并在停气30分钟后把池底的脏物用虹吸的方法清除;每天观察记录亲鱼的摄食及活动情况,及时调整投饵量,同时做好防病治病措施。 (4) Daily management: Feed Penaeus vannamei juveniles at 8:00 and 16:00 every day; in order to keep the water temperature in the cultivation pond constant, use convection water to change the water during the day, with a flow rate of 0.5-0.6 tons/hour; 3 to 5 days, stop the gas, and remove the dirt on the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas is stopped for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activity of the broodstock every day, adjust the feeding amount in time, and do a good job in disease prevention and treatment at the same time measure.
所述马尾藻或麒麟菜,是从海区采集,马尾藻长50~80cm、麒麟菜12~25cm。 The sargassum or Eucheuma is collected from the sea area, and the length of Sargassum is 50-80 cm, and that of Eucheuma is 12-25 cm.
所述马尾藻或麒麟菜的投放方式为:将马尾藻或麒麟菜夹在石块上,并按2~3棵马尾藻/m2或5~6棵麒麟菜/m2的密度均匀摆在培育池池底,在水的浮力作用下使马尾藻或麒麟菜藻体往上充分延直。 The delivery method of the sargassum or Eucheuma is as follows: clamp the Sargassum or Eucheuma on stones, and place them evenly at a density of 2-3 Sargassum/ m2 or 5-6 Eucheuma/ m2 At the bottom of the cultivation pool, under the buoyancy of the water, the body of the Sargassum or Eucheuma algae is fully extended upward.
所述投喂的南美白对虾仔虾为人工培育,其体长0.8~1.2cm,投喂量以水中南美白对虾仔虾密度为0.5~0.6尾/L之间。 The Penaeus vannamei juveniles to be fed are artificially cultivated, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm, and the feeding amount is between 0.5-0.6 tails/L of Penaeus vannamei juveniles in water.
所述亲鱼培育池为水泥池,面积15~18m3、深1.8m;培育池上方搭有棚架,棚架顶部及四周用白色塑料薄膜密封保温,薄膜上盖双层黑色遮阳布以调节光线强度;培育池中安放6~10个气石进行充氧以保持水中有充足的溶解氧。 The broodstock breeding pond is a cement pond with an area of 15-18m 3 and a depth of 1.8m; a scaffold is built above the cultivation pond, and the top and surroundings of the scaffold are sealed and kept warm with a white plastic film, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade cloth to adjust the light Strength; 6-10 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool for oxygenation to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water.
所述停气是指将控制气石气量的阀门完全关闭。 The gas stop refers to completely closing the valve controlling the gas volume of the gas stone.
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果如下:本发明是根据大海马在自然海区的生活、摄食习性及性腺发育特点,在人工培育亲鱼时投放供大海马缠附栖息的马尾藻或麒麟菜,投喂营养丰富的南美白对虾仔虾及提供满足大海马性腺成熟的稳定环境因子,相对于现有技术,本发明所述大海马人工促熟培育方法,具有如下优点: The beneficial effects of the present invention relative to the prior art are as follows: the present invention is based on the life, feeding habits and gonad development characteristics of the seahorse in the natural sea area, and when artificially cultivating broodstock, put in Sargassum or Eucheuma for the habitat of the seahorse. Feeding nutrient-rich Penaeus vannamei juveniles and providing stable environmental factors that satisfy the maturation of the gonads of the hippocampus, compared with the prior art, the method for artificially promoting maturation of the hippocampus according to the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)根据大海马在自然海区喜欢用尾部卷缠在海藻这一生活特性,本发明通过在水泥培育池中投放马尾藻或麒麟菜,最大限度地模拟了大海马在自然海区的生态环境条件,使得海马在一个较为恒温的环境下,缠附于其喜欢栖息的大型海藻上;同时,大型海藻能有效利用海马所产生的粪便作为自身的营养物质,降低水中氨氮等有害物质的含量,减少病害的发生; (1) According to the living characteristics of seahorses that like to wrap their tails around seaweed in natural sea areas, this invention simulates the ecological environment conditions of sea horses in natural sea areas to the greatest extent by putting sargassum or Eucheuma in the cement cultivation pool , so that the seahorse can cling to the large seaweed it likes to inhabit in a relatively constant temperature environment; at the same time, the large seaweed can effectively use the feces produced by the seahorse as its own nutrients, reduce the content of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen in the water, and reduce occurrence of disease;
(2)投喂的饵料营养丰富,来源稳定、方便,亲鱼成活率高,在无须升温的情况下能使大海马提前成熟产仔和提高其繁育能力。 (2) The bait fed is rich in nutrients, stable and convenient, and has a high survival rate of broodstock. It can make the seahorse mature and give birth in advance and improve its reproductive ability without heating up.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面通过实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,这些实施例仅用来说明本发明,并不限制本发明的范围。 The present invention will be described in further detail below through examples, and these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
实施例1 根据本发明方法,采用以下步骤进行大海马亲鱼的人工促熟培育。 Embodiment 1 According to the method of the present invention, adopt the following steps to carry out the artificial maturing cultivation of seahorse broodstock.
1、培养设施: 1. Training facilities:
(1)培育池:在室内修建水泥培育池,培育池面积15m3、深1.8m,培育池上方搭有棚架,棚架顶部及四周用白色塑料薄膜密封保温,薄膜上盖双层黑色遮阳布以调节光线强度;培育池中安放8个气石以保持水中有充足的溶解氧; (1) Cultivation pond: A cement cultivation pond is built indoors. The cultivation pond has an area of 15m 3 and a depth of 1.8m. There is a scaffold above the cultivation pond. The top and surrounding of the scaffold are sealed with white plastic film for heat preservation, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade Cloth to adjust the light intensity; 8 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water;
(2)在培育池内放入已经砂滤过的海水,在投放亲鱼进行培育时,控制海水在培育池中的深度为1.5m。 (2) Put sand-filtered seawater into the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to 1.5m when feeding broodstock for cultivation.
2、从海区采集长度为50~80cm的马尾藻供大海马亲鱼缠附栖息及改善培育池水质;投放时,将马尾藻夹在石块上,并按2棵马尾藻/m2的密度均匀摆在培育池池底,在水的浮力作用下使马尾藻藻体往上充分延直。 2. Collect sargassum with a length of 50-80 cm from the sea area for the entanglement of broodstock and improve the water quality of the cultivation pool; when putting in, put the sargassum on the stones, and evenly distribute the sargassum at a density of 2 sargassum/ m2 Put it on the bottom of the cultivation pond, and under the buoyancy of the water, the sargassum algae can be fully extended upward.
3、亲鱼的选择及养殖密度:挑选体表无外伤、健康、雄性尾部腹面的育儿囊膨大,体长16~20cm、从海区捕捉的大海马作为亲鱼,将亲鱼按雌雄数量比1:1.2的比例、28尾/m3的放养密度投放培育池中进行强化培育。 3. Selection of broodstock and breeding density: Select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. Ratio, stocking density of 28 tails/m 3 was put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation.
4、日常管理: 4. Daily management:
(1)饵料投喂:所投喂的饵料为人工培育的南美白对虾仔虾,体长0.8~1.2cm,于每天8:00、16:00投喂,投喂量为:水中南美白对虾仔虾密度为0.5尾/L; (1) Feed feeding: The bait to be fed is artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm. It is fed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day. The amount of feeding is: Penaeus vannamei in water The density of larvae is 0.5 fish/L;
(2)白天采用流速为0.5吨/小时的对流水进行换水,以保持培育池水温相对恒定; (2) During the day, use convective water with a flow rate of 0.5 tons/hour to change the water to keep the water temperature in the cultivation pool relatively constant;
(3)每隔4天,将控制气石气量的阀门完全关闭,停气,并在停气30分钟后把池底的脏物用虹吸的方法吸掉;每天观察记录亲鱼的摄食及活动情况,及时调整投饵量,同时做好防病治病措施。 (3) Every 4 days, completely close the valve that controls the gas volume of the gas stone, stop the gas, and suck up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas stop for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activities of the broodstock every day , adjust the feeding amount in time, and take measures for disease prevention and treatment at the same time.
本实施例中,大海马经过31天培育后,采用本发明方法培育亲海马成活率达100%,最高产仔量923尾,平均产仔量为654尾/尾次,在60天内有部分大海马重复产仔3次。 In the present example, after the hippocampus was cultivated for 31 days, the survival rate of the pro-hippocampus cultivated by the method of the present invention was 100%, the highest litter size was 923 tails, and the average litter size was 654 tails/tail times. Seahorses littered repeatedly 3 times.
实施例2 根据本发明方法,采用以下步骤进行大海马亲鱼的人工促熟培育。 Embodiment 2 According to the method of the present invention, adopt the following steps to carry out the artificial maturing cultivation of seahorse broodstock.
1、培养设施: 1. Training facilities:
(1)培育池:在室内修建水泥培育池,培育池面积18m3、深1.8m,培育池上方搭有棚架,棚架顶部及四周用白色塑料薄膜密封保温,薄膜上盖双层黑色遮阳布以调节光线强度;培育池中安放10个气石以保持水中有充足的溶解氧; (1) Cultivation pond: A cement cultivation pond is built indoors, with an area of 18m 3 and a depth of 1.8m. There is a scaffold above the cultivation pond. The top and surroundings of the scaffold are sealed with white plastic film for heat preservation, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade Cloth to adjust the light intensity; 10 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water;
(2)在培育池内放入已经砂滤过的海水,在投放亲鱼进行培育时,控制海水在培育池中的深度为1.6m。 (2) Put sand-filtered seawater into the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to 1.6m when feeding broodstock for cultivation.
2、从海区采集长度为50~80cm的马尾藻供大海马亲鱼缠附栖息及改善培育池水质;投放时,将马尾藻夹在石块上,并按3棵马尾藻/m2的密度均匀摆在培育池池底,在水的浮力作用下使马尾藻藻体往上充分延直。 2. Collect sargassum with a length of 50-80 cm from the sea area for the entanglement and habitat of the big horsefish broodstock and improve the water quality of the cultivation pool; when putting in, put the sargassum on the stones, and press the density of 3 sargassum/ m2 to be uniform Put it on the bottom of the cultivation pond, and under the buoyancy of the water, the sargassum algae can be fully extended upward.
3、亲鱼的选择及养殖密度:挑选体表无外伤、健康、雄性尾部腹面的育儿囊膨大,体长16~20cm、从海区捕捉的大海马作为亲鱼,将亲鱼按雌雄数量比1:1.4的比例、25尾/m3的放养密度投放培育池中进行强化培育。 3. Selection of broodstock and breeding density: select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. Ratio, stocking density of 25 tails/m 3 was put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation.
4、日常管理: 4. Daily management:
(1)饵料投喂:所投喂的饵料为人工培育的南美白对虾仔虾,体长0.8~1.2cm,于每天8:00、16:00投喂,投喂量为:水中南美白对虾仔虾密度为0.6尾/L; (1) Feed feeding: The bait to be fed is artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm. It is fed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day, and the amount of feeding is: Penaeus vannamei in water The density of larvae is 0.6 fish/L;
(2)白天采用流速为0.5吨/小时的对流水进行换水,保持培育池池水水温相对恒定; (2) During the day, use convective water with a flow rate of 0.5 tons/hour for water exchange to keep the water temperature in the cultivation pool relatively constant;
(3)每隔5天,将控制气石气量的阀门完全关闭,停气,并在停气30分钟后把池底的脏物用虹吸的方法吸掉;每天观察记录亲鱼的摄食及活动情况,及时调整投饵量,同时做好防病治病措施。 (3) Every 5 days, completely close the valve that controls the gas volume of the gas stone, stop the gas, and suck up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas stop for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activities of the broodstock every day , adjust the feeding amount in time, and take measures for disease prevention and treatment at the same time.
本实施例中,采用本发明方法培育34天的大海马亲鱼进入繁殖期并产仔,平均产仔为量681尾/尾次,养殖期间成活率达100%。 In the present example, the broodstock of seahorses cultivated by the method of the present invention for 34 days entered the breeding period and littered, with an average litter size of 681 tails/times, and the survival rate during the breeding period reached 100%.
实施例3 根据本发明方法,采用以下步骤进行大海马亲鱼的人工促熟培育。 Embodiment 3 According to the method of the present invention, the following steps are used to artificially promote the maturation of seahorse broodstock.
1、培养设施: 1. Training facilities:
(1)培育池:在室内修建水泥培育池,培育池面积16m3、深1.8m,培育池上方搭有棚架,棚架顶部及四周用白色塑料薄膜密封保温,薄膜上盖双层黑色遮阳布以调节光线强度;培育池中安放6个气石进行充氧以保持水中有充足的溶解氧; (1) Cultivation pond: A cement cultivation pond is built indoors. The cultivation pond has an area of 16m 3 and a depth of 1.8m. There is a scaffold above the cultivation pond. The top and surrounding of the scaffold are sealed and kept warm with white plastic film, and the film is covered with double-layer black sunshade Cloth to adjust the light intensity; 6 air stones are placed in the cultivation pool for oxygenation to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water;
(2)在培育池内放入经砂滤过的海水,在投放亲鱼进行培育时,控制海水在培育池中的深度为1.4m。 (2) Put sand-filtered seawater into the cultivation pond, and control the depth of seawater in the cultivation pond to 1.4m when feeding broodstock for cultivation.
2、从海区采集长度为12~25cm的麒麟菜供大海马亲鱼缠附栖息及改善培育池水质;投放时,将麒麟菜夹在石块上,并按5棵麒麟菜/m2的密度均匀摆在培育池池底,在水的浮力作用下使麒麟菜藻体往上充分延直。 2. Collect Eucheuma with a length of 12-25cm from the sea area for the entanglement and habitat of the seahorse broodstock and improve the water quality of the cultivation pond; when putting in, clamp the Eucheuma on the rocks, and uniformly density 5 Eucheuma/ m2 Put it on the bottom of the cultivation pool, and make the Eucheuma algae fully straighten up under the buoyancy of the water.
3、亲鱼的选择及养殖密度:挑选体表无外伤、健康、雄性尾部腹面的育儿囊膨大,体长16~20cm、从海区捕捉的大海马作为亲鱼,将亲鱼按雌雄数量比1:1.1的比例、30尾/m3的放养密度投放培育池中进行强化培育。 3. Selection of broodstock and breeding density: Select the broodstock that has no trauma on the body surface, is healthy, has an enlarged brood sac on the ventral side of the male tail, and has a body length of 16-20cm, and is caught from the sea area as the broodstock. Ratio, stocking density of 30 tails/m 3 was put into the cultivation pond for intensive cultivation.
4、日常管理: 4. Daily management:
(1)饵料投喂:所投喂的饵料为人工培育的南美白对虾仔虾,体长0.8~1.2cm,于每天8:00、16:00投喂,投喂量为:水中南美白对虾仔虾密度为0.6尾/L; (1) Feed feeding: The bait to be fed is artificially cultivated Penaeus vannamei larvae, with a body length of 0.8-1.2 cm. It is fed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day, and the amount of feeding is: Penaeus vannamei in water The density of larvae is 0.6 fish/L;
(2)白天采用流速为0.6吨/小时的对流水进行换水,保持培育池池水水温恒定; (2) During the day, the convective water with a flow rate of 0.6 tons/hour is used for water exchange to keep the water temperature of the cultivation pool constant;
(3)每隔3天,将控制气石气量的阀门完全关闭,停气,并在停气30分钟后把池底的脏物用虹吸的方法吸掉;每天观察记录亲鱼的摄食及活动情况,及时调整投饵量,同时做好防病治病措施。 (3) Every 3 days, completely close the valve that controls the gas volume of the gas stone, stop the gas, and suck up the dirt at the bottom of the pool by siphoning after the gas stop for 30 minutes; observe and record the feeding and activities of the broodstock every day , adjust the feeding amount in time, and take measures for disease prevention and treatment at the same time.
本实施例中,共投放亲海马452尾,经过37天培育后开始产仔,采用本发明方法培育亲海马只死亡1尾,平均产仔量702尾/尾次,有部分亲鱼30天后又重复产仔。 In this embodiment, 452 pro-seahorses were put in altogether, and littering began after 37 days of cultivation. Only 1 pro-hippocampus was cultivated by the method of the present invention and died, with an average litter size of 702 per tail, and some broodstocks were repeated after 30 days. calving.
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