CN102666434A - 具有高氧化锆含量的耐火制品 - Google Patents

具有高氧化锆含量的耐火制品 Download PDF

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CN102666434A
CN102666434A CN2010800577038A CN201080057703A CN102666434A CN 102666434 A CN102666434 A CN 102666434A CN 2010800577038 A CN2010800577038 A CN 2010800577038A CN 201080057703 A CN201080057703 A CN 201080057703A CN 102666434 A CN102666434 A CN 102666434A
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米契尔·甘比尔
卢多维克·马萨尔
伊莎贝拉·卡波迪
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Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种熔铸耐火制品,对于总100%且基于氧化物的重量百分比计,该制品包括:ZrO2:到100%的余量;Hf2O:<5%;SiO2:2%到10%;0.9%<Y2O3+CeO2+CaO+MgO≤4.0%;B2O3:≤4.5%;B2O3:≥0.09×(Y2O3+1/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))×SiO2;Al2O3:0.3%到2.0%;Na2O+K2O:≤0.5%;P2O5:<0.05%;Fe2O3+TiO2:<0.55%;其他物质:<1.0%,只要Y2O3的含量不低于0.5%并且CeO2+CaO+MgO的含量不低于2%。本发明可用于玻璃熔炉。

Description

具有高氧化锆含量的耐火制品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有高氧化锆含量的新的熔铸耐火制品。
背景技术
在耐火制品中,熔铸制品和烧结制品之间是有区别的,该熔铸制品众所周知是用于制备玻璃熔炉。
与烧结制品相比,熔铸制品通常包括将晶粒结合到一起的粒间玻璃相。因此,由烧结制品和由熔铸制品所造成的问题以及解决这些问题所采用的技术方案通常是不同的。因此,为了制备烧结制品开发的组合物不能被用作制备熔铸制品的先验,并且为了制备熔铸产品开发的组合物不能被用作制备烧结制品的先验。
通过在电弧炉中熔化适合的原材料的混合物或通过适用于熔铸制品的任一其它技术来获得熔铸制品,该熔铸制品通常被称为电铸制品。熔融物随后被倒入模具并且随后获得的制品经过受控的冷却循环从而使得制品在环境温度下不开裂。该操作被本领域技术人员称为“退火”。
在熔铸制品中,具有高氧化锆含量的电铸制品因其非常高质量的耐腐蚀性而没有制得的玻璃的着色且没有缺陷的产生而著名。
传统的,具有高氧化锆含量的熔铸制品还包括氧化钠(Na2O)以防止从制品中存在的氧化锆和二氧化硅形成锆石。实际上,锆石的形成是有害的,因为其伴随约20%的体积上的减少,从而产生引起开裂的机械应力。
法国专利FR2701022描述了具有高氧化锆含量的熔铸制品,该熔铸制品含有重量百分比为7.0%到11.2%的SiO2、重量百分比为0.05%到1.0%的P2O5、重量百分比为0.05%到1.0%的氧化硼B2O3以及重量百分比为0.01%到0.12%的Na2O+K2O。
法国专利FR2723583描述了具有高氧化锆含量的熔铸制品,该熔铸制品含有重量百分比为3%到8%的SiO2、重量百分比为0.1%到2.0%的Al2O3、重量百分比为0.05%到3.0%的氧化硼B2O3、重量百分比为0.05%到3%的BaO+SrO+MgO、重量百分比为0.05%到0.6%的Na2O+K2O以及重量百分比小于0.3%的Fe2O3+TiO2
法国专利FR2836682描述了具有高氧化锆含量的熔铸制品,该熔铸制品含有重量百分比为2%到8%的SiO2、重量百分比为0.2%到2.0%的Al2O3、重量百分比为0.12%到1.0%的Na2O以及重量百分比为0.5%到2.6%的Y2O3+CaO。
通过SociétéEuropéenne des ProduitsRéfractaires(“欧洲耐火制品公司”)制备和销售并且被专利EP-B-403387保护的制品ER-1195现广泛用于玻璃熔炉。其化学组合物包括以重量百分比计约94%的氧化锆、4%到5%的二氧化硅、约1%的氧化铝、0.3%的氧化钠以及小于0.05%的P2O5。其是用于制备玻璃炉的典型的具有高含量氧化锆的制品。
这些制品具有良好的性能但仍需要提供良好可行性和长使用寿命的具有高氧化锆含量的熔凝制品,尤其是当其用于制备玻璃炉槽时。
本发明的目的在于满足该需求。
发明内容
本发明提出一种熔铸耐火制品,对于总量为100%且基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述制品包括:
-ZrO2:到100%的余量;
-Hf2O:<5%;
-SiO2:2%到10%;
-Y2O3+CeO2+CaO+MgO:0.8%到4.0%;
-B2O3:≤4.5%;
-B2O3:≥0.09×(Y2O3+1/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))×SiO2
-Al2O3:0.3%到2.0%;
-Na2O+K2O:≤0.5%;
-P2O5:<0.05%;
-Fe2O3+TiO2:<0.55%;
-其他物质:<1.5%,
条件是Y2O3的含量大于或等于0.5%,或大于或等于0.7%,或者条件是CeO2+CaO+MgO的含量大于或等于2%。
制备玻璃的炉槽的砌块在使用中经受从其与熔融玻璃(“热面”)接触的面到其暴露在槽的外部(“冷面”)的面的温度降低。此时,具有高氧化锆含量的制品通常在这两个面的温度之间具有一个最大膨胀温度。两个相邻的砌块因此被组装从而使得它们至少在经受最大膨胀温度的区域中总是保持接触。这确保了至少在临界区能够提供槽的抗渗性。在临界区中限制腐蚀是重要的。
然而,由熔融玻璃带来的腐蚀通常随着其温度而增加。因此,发明人设想可能有利的是试图降低砌块材料的最大膨胀温度以便使得所述临界区朝着砌块的冷面的方向移动。通过该方式,该临界区可以与比现有技术中粘性更大且腐蚀性更小的熔融玻璃接触。
如随后将在说明书中更详细地示出的,由于这些研究,本发明人发现,本发明的制品具有显著的热膨胀行为,并且尤其是具有降低的最大膨胀温度。此外,该制品保持高的工业可行性。
在一个实施方式中,根据本发明的制品包括分别小于0.5%、小于0.3%、或甚至小于0.1%的氧化物CeO2、CaO和MgO中的每一个,或甚至根本不包括这些氧化物。所述氧化物可以仅作为杂质。实际上,本发明人已经观察出Y2O3产生最佳的结果。
根据本发明的制品还可包括以下一个或多个可选特征,包括当符合下文描述的具体实施方式时,并且这些可选的特征与所述具体实施方式是兼容的:
-优选B2O3≥0.095×(Y2O3+1/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))×SiO2
-优选B2O3≥0.1×(Y2O3+1/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))×SiO2
-ZrO2+HfO2的重量百分比含量小于97.0%,或甚至小于96.5%和/或大于85.0%,或大于86.0%;
-二氧化硅SiO2的重量百分比含量大于2.5%,或甚至大于3.0%和/或小于9.0%,或甚至小于8.0%,或甚至小于7.0%,或甚至小于6.0%;
-MgO的重量百分比含量小于0.7%,小于0.5%,小于0.3%和/或大于0.1%;
-CeO2的重量百分比含量小于0.7%,小于0.5%,小于0.3%和/或大于0.1%;
-CaO的重量百分比含量小于0.7%,小于0.5%,小于0.3%和/或大于0.1%;
-氧化物MgO、CeO2和CaO的每一个的重量百分比含量小于0.5%,小于0.3%或甚至小于0.2%;
-Y2O3+CeO2+CaO+MgO的重量百分比含量大于0.9%,和/或小于3.5%,或甚至小于3.0%;
-Y2O3的重量百分比含量大于0.5%,或甚至大于0.6%,或甚至大于0.7%,或甚至大于0.8%,或甚至大于0.85%,或甚至大于0.9%,和/或小于3.0%,或甚至小于2.5%,或甚至小于2.0%,或甚至小于1.5%,或甚至小于1.3%;
-氧化硼B2O3的重量百分比含量大于0.2%,或甚至大于0.3%,或甚至大于0.4%和/或小于3.5%,小于3%,小于2.5%,或甚至小于2.0%,或甚至小于1.5%,或甚至小于1.0%;
-氧化铝Al2O3的重量百分比含量小于1.5%,或甚至小于1.2%,或小于1.0%;
-氧化铝Al2O3的重量百分比含量大于0.4%,大于0.6%,或甚至大于0.7%;
-氧化钠Na2O和氧化钾K2O的重量百分比含量的和小于0.4%,或甚至小于0.3%、小于0.2%;
-氧化钠Na2O仅为杂质并且其重量百分比含量小于0.2%,或甚至小于0.1%;
-氧化钾K2O仅为杂质并且其重量百分比含量小于0.2%,或甚至小于0.1%;
-铁氧化物和/或钛氧化物Fe2O3+TiO2的重量百分比含量小于0.4%,优选小于0.3%,优选小于0.2%;
-BaO的重量百分比含量小于0.1%,或甚至小于0.05%;
-“其他物质”的总重量百分比含量小于1.0%,小于0.6%,小于0.5%,或甚至小于0.3%;
-“其他物质”仅由杂质组成;
-任一“其他物质”的重量百分比含量小于0.4%,或甚至小于0.3%,或甚至小于0.2%;
-氧化物占的制品质量大于98%,大于99%,或甚至约100%。
根据特定的实施方式,本发明提出一种熔铸的耐火制品,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述制品包括,
-SiO2:<8%;
-Y2O3:<2.5%;
-B2O3:0.3%到2.5%;
-Al2O3:<1.5%。
根据特定的实施方式,本发明提出一种熔铸的耐火制品,以基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述制品包括,
-SiO2:3%到6%;
-Y2O3:<1.5%;
-B2O3:0.4%到1.0%;
-Al2O3:<1.2%。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备根据本发明的耐火制品的方法,所述方法包括以下连续的步骤:
a)混合原材料以形成初始进料;
b)熔化所述初始进料直到获得熔融物为止;
c)通过冷却对所述熔融物铸造及凝固以便获得耐火制品;该方法的突出之处在于选择所述原材料从而使得所述耐火制品符合本发明。
优选地,必要的最低含量的氧化物,或这些氧化物的前体被系统地且有条理地加入。优选地,在通常被视为杂质的其他氧化物的来源中考虑这些氧化物的含量。
优选地,控制冷却以便优选以小于20°C/小时的速率,优选以约10°C/小时的速率进行冷却。
本发明还涉及一种具有根据本发明的耐火制品的玻璃熔炉,或一种可以通过根据本发明的方法制备的耐火制品,尤其在易于与熔融玻璃接触的区域中制备的耐火制品。在根据本发明的炉中,耐火制品可以有利地通过熔化,尤其通过电熔化的熔化形成用于制备玻璃的槽的一部分,在该槽中该耐火制品可以在高于1200°C的温度下与熔融玻璃接触。
本发明还涉及一种用于在区域中限制腐蚀的方法,在该区域中制备玻璃的炉槽的两个砌块仅在该槽含有熔融玻璃时才接触。根据本发明,使用了根据本发明的制品的砌块。定义
氧化物的重量百分比指根据行业中的通用惯例,以最稳定的氧化物的形式表示的各对应的化学元素的总含量,因此可选地包括低价氧化物和氮化物、氮氧化物、碳化物、含氧碳化物、碳氮化物或甚至前述元素的金属物质。
按照惯例,"Y2O3+CeO2+CaO+MgO"指Y2O3和/或CeO2和/或CaO和/或MgO。
“熔融物”为液体状态,为了保持其形状必须将其装在容器中。熔融物可以含有一些固体颗粒,但对于构成所述状态这些固体颗粒是不足量的。
“杂质”指伴随原材料无意且必然引入的或与这些成分反应产生的不可避免的成分。杂质是不必要的成分,但只不过是容许的。例如,形成氧化物、氮化物、氮氧化物、碳化物、含氧碳化物、碳氮化物的组的一部分化合物及铁、钛和铬的金属物质为杂质。
除非另有说明,所描述和要求保护的制品中所有氧化物的量是基于氧化物的重量百分比。
具体实施方式
在根据本发明的熔铸产品中,高含量的氧化锆ZrO2可以满足高耐腐蚀性的需求而没有制备的玻璃的着色或产生损害所述玻璃质量的缺陷。
存在于根据本发明的制品中的氧化铬HfO2为天然存在于氧化锆来源中的氧化铪。因此,在根据本发明的制品中的氧化铪的含量小于5%,通常小于2%。
二氧化硅SiO2的存在尤其允许形成粒间玻璃相,在氧化锆的可逆的同素异形转变期间,即,从单斜相到四方相的转变期间,该粒间玻璃相可以有效地容纳氧化锆的体积变化。二氧化硅的重量百分比含量一定大于2%。相反地,二氧化硅的加入量一定不超过10%,这是因为所述加入量是以氧化锆的含量为代价并且可以因此损害耐腐蚀性。
B2O3的存在可以显著改善所述制品的可行性。相反地,氧化硼的加入量一定不超过4.5%,这是因为该加入量是以氧化锆的含量为代价并且可以因此损害耐腐蚀性。
氧化铝Al2O3的存在对于稳定的玻璃相的形成和对于模具中的熔融物的良好的可铸性是尤其必要的。然而,氧化铝的加入量一定不超过2%,这是因为较高的重量百分比含量可以导致玻璃相(莫来石晶体的形成)的不稳定性,特别是由于氧化硼的存在。
Na2O+K2O的重量百分比含量一定不超过0.50%以便限制原材料的挥发,尤其是氧化硼。在根据本发明的制品中,氧化物Na2O和K2O被视为具有类似的效果。
根据本发明,Fe2O3+TiO2的重量百分比含量小于0.55%并且P2O5的重量百分比含量小于0.05%。实际上,这些氧化物为有害的并且它们的含量必须作为伴随原材料引入的杂质被限制到痕量。
“其他物质”为上文没有列出的物质,即除了ZrO2、Hf2O、SiO2、Y2O3、CeO2、CaO、MgO、B2O3、Al2O3、Na2O、K2O、P2O5、TiO2和Fe2O3之外的物质。在一个实施方式中,“其他物质”限于不是特别期望存在的物质并且通常作为杂质存在于原材料中。
传统地,上文列举的氧化物的来源不包括Ta2O5。根据本发明的制品的Ta2O5含量可以小于0.9%,或小于0.5%,或小于0.2%。
在另一实施方式中,“其他物质”还可以包括有利的物质。因此,在一个实施方式中,所述制品有利地包括至少0.05%的氧化钡BaO。该氧化物可以为杂质或如果需要的话可以被有意加入到初始进料中。优选地,基于氧化物的重量百分比计,该BaO的含量小于0.5%。
按照惯例,可以按照下列步骤a)到步骤c)制备根据本发明的制品:
a)混合原材料以形成初始进料;
b)熔化所述初始进料直到获得熔融物;
c)通过冷却凝固所述熔融物以便获得根据本发明的耐火制品。
在步骤a)中,选择原材料以便保证成品中的氧化物的含量。
在步骤b)中,优选这样进行熔化:通过相当长的电弧的共同作用而不产生还原反应,并且通过搅拌以促使制品的再次氧化。
为了最小化金属外观的结节的形成并且避免在成品中形成裂缝或裂纹,优选在氧化条件下进行熔化操作。
优选使用在专利号为1208577的法国专利及其编号为75893和82310的补充资料中描述的长弧熔化方法。
该方法由下列步骤组成:使用电弧炉,在该电弧炉中,在进料和离该进料一定距离的至少一个电极之间发出弧;在保持熔池上方的氧化气氛的同时控制所述弧的长度从而使得其还原作用最小化;以及通过所述弧本身的作用,或通过使熔池中的氧化气体起泡(例如空气或氧气),或通过向熔池添加如过氧化物或硝酸盐的释放氧气的物质混合所述熔池。
在步骤c)中,优选以小于20°C/小时的速率进行冷却,优选以约10°C/小时的速率。
可以采用制备旨在应用于玻璃熔炉的基于氧化锆的熔融制品的任一传统方法,条件是初始进料的组合物能够使将获得的制品具有根据本发明的制品的组合物。
示例
以下给出的非限制性示例目的是说明本发明。
在这些示例中,使用了下列原材料:
-以平均重量百分比计,主要含有98.5%的ZrO2+HfO2、0.2%的SiO2以及0.02%的Na2O的氧化锆;
-含有33%的二氧化硅的锆英砂;
-纯度大于99%的钇氧化物和硼氧化物;
-由Pechiney公司销售的并且含有平均99.4%的氧化铝Al2O3的AC44类型的氧化铝。
根据电弧炉熔化的传统方法制备的制品,随后被铸造以获得尺寸为220mm×450mm×150mm的砌块。
在表1中给出获得的制品的化学分析,该化学分析为以重量百分比给出的平均化学分析。
可行性
对于各示例,使用可行性指数FI评估了制品的可行性。FI的值等于1对应于极佳的可行性(最佳生产率、获得的部件上无瑕疵),以及FI的值等于0对应于对于工业制造不能接受的可行性(穿透裂纹、部件破损等)。
进行测试的样品取自各个示例制备的砌块。在相变之前最大膨胀温度的测量
构建作为温度函数的膨胀曲线,并且标出氧化锆转变(单斜到二次)之前,最大膨胀对应的温度,在表1中用“T”表示。
对应于制品ER1195的示例1作为参考。
表1
  示例   ZrO2   SiO2   Y2O3   Al2O3   Na2O   B2O3   0.09×Y2O3×SiO2   FI   T
  1   95.1   3.45   0.00   1.15   0.30   0.00   0.00   1   1140°C
  2   95.1   3.14   0.72   0.65   0.00   0.39   0.20   1   1083°C
  3   93.5   4.20   0.83   0.96   0.00   0.51   0.31   1   1032°C
  4   92.9   5.00   0.85   0.93   0.04   0.28   0.38   0   1034°C
  5   90.9   6.26   0.86   1.16   0.00   0.84   0.48   1   1040°C
  6   92.7   4.87   0.88   0.90   0.04   0.66   0.39   1   1029°C
  7   95.1   2.59   0.97   1.03   0.05   0.28   0.23   1   1011°C
  8   94.6   3.06   1.20   0.77   0.05   0.37   0.33   1   983°C
  9   92.3   5.00   1.20   0.90   0.00   0.60   0.54   1   980°C
  10   93.9   3.81   1.23   0.79   0.00   0.25   0.42   0   957°C
结果示出氧化钇的积极作用。认为在制品中氧化钇的0.8%的最小含量对于明显降低相变之前的最大膨胀温度是必要的,尤其使得该温度低于1050℃。因此,可以有利地降低与临界区接触的熔融玻璃的温度,从而增大其粘性并因此减少产生的腐蚀。有利地,玻璃逸出的风险因此受到限制。
对比示例3和示例4或示例9示例10表明,在存在氧化钇的条件下获得最佳的可行性时存在最小量的氧化硼的重要性。然而,对比示例4和示例7表明,该最小量取决于氧化钇和二氧化硅的含量。
此外,其他测试也已经验证,根据本发明的制品还显示出具有高氧化锆含量的物质的公认的其他性能,尤其是对熔融玻璃的耐腐蚀性。
当然,本发明不仅限于所描述的实施方式,该实施方式仅作为非限制性示例用于说明性目的。

Claims (14)

1.一种熔铸耐火制品,对于总量为100%且基于氧化物的重量百分比计,所述制品包括:
-ZrO2:到100%的余量;
-Hf2O:<5%;
-SiO2:2%到10%;
-0.9%<Y2O3+CeO2+CaO+MgO≤4.0%;
-B2O3:≤4.5%;
-B2O3:≥0.09×(Y2O3+1/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))×SiO2
-Al2O3:0.3%到2.0%;
-Na2O+K2O:≤0.5%;
-P2O5:<0.05%;
-Fe2O3+TiO2:<0.55%;
-其他物质:<1.0%;
条件是Y2O3的含量大于或等于0.5%或者CeO2+CaO+MgO的含量大于或等于2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中,
B2O3≥0.095×(Y2O3+1/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))×SiO2
3.根据权利要求2所述的制品,其中,
B2O3≥0.1×(Y2O3+1/3(CeO2+CaO+MgO))×SiO2
4.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述氧化硼的含量大于0.4%。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述氧化硼的含量小于2.5%。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述氧化钇Y2O3的含量大于或等于0.7%。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述氧化钇Y2O3的含量小于2.5%。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述二氧化硅的含量小于8.0%。
9.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述氧化铝的含量小于1.5%。
10.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述氧化铝的含量大于0.7%。
11.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,(Na2O+K2O)<0.3%。
12.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中,所述“其他物质”的总重量百分比含量小于0.5%。
13.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,所述制品包括小于0.5%的MgO、小于0.5%的CaO和小于0.5%的CeO2
14.一种玻璃熔炉,所述玻璃熔炉在用于与熔融玻璃接触的区域中包括根据前述任一项权利要求所述的耐火制品。
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CN113454045A (zh) * 2019-02-11 2021-09-28 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 具有高含量氧化锆的耐火制品

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JP7099898B2 (ja) * 2017-09-08 2022-07-12 Agcセラミックス株式会社 高ジルコニア質電鋳耐火物及びその製造方法
EP3453689B1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2020-08-26 AGC Ceramics Co., Ltd. High-zirconia electrocast refractory and method for manufacturing the same
FR3072092B1 (fr) * 2017-10-11 2021-11-12 Saint Gobain Ct Recherches Procede de fabrication d'un bloc fondu a haute teneur en zircone
FR3075783B1 (fr) 2017-12-21 2019-12-06 Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen Piece a nez
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CN106458770B (zh) * 2014-10-07 2019-03-29 圣戈班Tm股份有限公司 高氧化锆电熔铸耐火材料
CN113454045A (zh) * 2019-02-11 2021-09-28 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 具有高含量氧化锆的耐火制品

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WO2011073945A3 (fr) 2011-11-17
US8765620B2 (en) 2014-07-01
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TW201130778A (en) 2011-09-16
EP2513011A2 (fr) 2012-10-24
FR2953825B1 (fr) 2013-12-20
WO2011073945A2 (fr) 2011-06-23
JP2013514254A (ja) 2013-04-25
BR112012014447A2 (pt) 2017-03-07
JP2015212223A (ja) 2015-11-26
FR2953825A1 (fr) 2011-06-17
CN102666434B (zh) 2015-06-10
MX2012006784A (es) 2012-07-23
CA2784430A1 (fr) 2011-06-23
EA023785B1 (ru) 2016-07-29
KR20120104373A (ko) 2012-09-20

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