CN102655803A - 用于眼科照明的光子晶格led - Google Patents
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Abstract
光子晶格源驱动眼科照明器中的光纤以照明眼内部。为产生白光,可以使用光子晶格LED的RGB组合。作为替换,光子晶格LED的双色组合产生白光。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及眼科程序中的照明,尤其涉及使用光子晶格发光二极管(光子晶格LED)进行的眼科照明。
背景技术
眼科照明器允许外科医生在外科程序期间照明眼内部结构,诸如玻璃体和视网膜。内窥镜眼科照明器(内部照明器)包括位于套管内腔中的光纤。通过使用合适的光源驱动光纤的近端,从光纤远端发射的光照明期望的眼部分。现代微创技术需要相对高型号的套管,诸如20号(0.0295英寸的直径)甚至更高型号,诸如25号。但是外科医生还需要来自内部照明器的足够发光功率,以完全地照明眼内的手术野。
如下所述,这两个目标——使用高型号套管与实现足够发光功率彼此不一致。因为套管将光纤固定在其内径中,随着套管型号变高,将需要相应降低所包围光纤的厚度。光纤直径的这一减小降低了光纤集光率,所述集光率涉及由光纤直径与光纤数值孔径乘积所确定的光纤的聚光能力。相反地,用于诸如常规发光二极管(LED)的内部照明器光源的集光率相对较高。在集光率守恒的原则下,光在高集光率源驱动低集光率光纤时必然损失。换句话说,来自所述源的光只有包含在光纤集光率的部分将耦合至光纤。来自所述源的光的其他部分必将损失。这在使用诸如氙、卤素或高强度放电(HID)灯泡之类的高发光源作为内部照明源的情况下不成为问题,因为由相对强力源输出的光耦合至光纤的那一部分具有能令人满意地照明手术野的足够发光功率。但是,这种常规非固态源产生了相对大量的热,同时消耗相当的功率。相反地,用于内部照明器的LED源产生的热量要少得多,并且消耗更少的功率,这使得它们更适于电池供电的应用。而且,LED源将更安全,因为与常规灯泡源相比,LED在手术程序期间更不易于烧坏。此外,与卤素或HID源相比,LED成本较低。虽然LED因而成为常规使用HID或卤素灯泡的有吸引力的备选方案,但是它们的发光功率典型地要小于常规灯泡源。因而,由于常规LED的相对较高的集光率以及其相对较低的发光功率,常规LED会无法将充足的光能送入低集光率光纤。
因此,在本领域中需要一种改进的眼科照明器,其具有LED源的优点,但是还向眼内的手术野提供充足的发光功率。
发明内容
根据本公开的第一方面,提供了一种眼科照明器,其包括红光子晶格LED;蓝光子晶格LED;绿光子晶格LED;光组合器,可操作以将来自红、蓝、绿光子晶格LED的光束组合成单光束;透镜;以及光纤,其中透镜可操作以将单光束聚焦在光纤的近端上。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种眼科照明器,其包括第一光子晶格LED;第二光子晶格LED;光组合器,可操作以将来自第一和第二光子晶格LED的光束组合成单光束;透镜;以及光纤,其中透镜可操作以将单光束聚焦在光纤的近端上。
根据本发明的第三方面,提供了一种向眼内部提供照明的方法,其包括提供第一光子晶格LED和第二光子晶格LED;使用相应电流驱动第一和第二光子晶格LED,使得每个LED各自产生光束;将来自第一和第二光子晶格LED的光束排列成单光束;将该单光束聚焦在光纤的近端上,并且传送来自光纤的远端的光以照明眼内部。
附图说明
图1a是RGB光子晶格LED眼科照明器的图示。
图1b是双色光子晶格LED眼科照明器的图示。
图2是描绘了白光区域的色品图,其能够通过恰当配对单色源(诸如图1b的双色眼科照明器内的光子晶格LED)而实现。
具体实施方式
使用被称为光子晶格发光二极管(LED)的一类LED来驱动内部照明器中的光纤。由于光子晶格LED是集光率相对较低的源,所以在这类源驱动内部照明器所期望的高型号套管所必需的集光率相对较低的光纤的情况下,存在有较高程度的效率。以这种方式,存在有将由光子晶体LED所辐射的光送入内部照明器的光纤的足够程度的耦合,由此使用足够水平的流明照亮眼内手术野。
与光子晶格LED相反地,常规LED发射相对于LED表面呈正交和侧向的光。但是光子晶格LED的表面被图案化为带有子波长微结构,这些微结构进行自准直,从而使得侧向引导光的发射被最小化或消除。光子晶格LED中微结构的晶格状排列使得光子正交离开LED表面,并且抑制常规侧向传播。于是,光子晶格LED不仅要亮于同类的常规LED,而且其光发射的自准直属性简化了其与光学系统的耦合。在美国专利No.7,301,271中公开了光子晶格LED的示例,该专利的内容全文引入在此作为参考。光子晶格LED可从例如Luminous Devices,Inc.(发光设备公司)商业购得。
下文的讨论将涉及使用不同颜色的多个光子晶格LED以产生白光照明的内部照明器。然而,将会理解,本文所公开的原理可易于应用以构建单一白光光子晶格LED眼科照明器。现在参考附图,红、绿、蓝(RGB)眼科照明器100驱动用于内部照明的光纤,如图1a中所示。蓝光子晶格LED105、红光子晶格LED110和绿光子晶格LED115被排列以适当驱动X棱镜120。由于光子晶格LED的自准直属性,LED105、110和115以及X棱镜120之间的准直器并非必须。X棱镜120作用以将每个光子晶格LED提供的经准直光束排列成单光束125。将会理解,可以使用其他类型的光组合器以提供来自光子晶格LED的光束125。诸如非球面透镜130的透镜将光束125聚焦在连接器140内的光纤135近端。光纤135通过机头150(未按比例绘制)耦合至探头或套管160,以提供用于照明眼内的照明发射170。套管160可以使用不锈钢或者其他合适的材料制成。在眼科照明器100操作期间,散热片175从光子晶格LED移除热量。
外科医生可能希望改变由眼科照明器100产生的光的成分,以在手术期间更好地突显某些特征。例如,外科医生可能在一个程序期间希望更蓝的色调,而在另一个程序期间希望不同的色调(或者在同一程序的不同部分)。为了改变眼科照明器100所提供的光的颜色和感知强度,可以如题为“Method and System for LED TemporalDithering to Achieve Multi-bit Color Resolution”的美国专利No.7,286,146中所述调制光子晶格LED,其中该专利全文引入在此作为参考。在这类程序中,LED所产生的光的实际频率并不改变,但是由于人类视觉的低通属性,使得由照明器100产生的标称白光的感知颜色可以通过以足够高的速率(例如,大于1kHz)按序脉动光子晶格LED而改变,由此创建期望颜色的光的视觉感知。通常,这可以通过各种技术而实现,诸如举例而言,脉冲宽度调制、时间抖动以及其他合适的技术。例如,控制器(未示出)可以使用基本上恒定的电流驱动光子晶格LED105、110和115达特定时间段。向给定的一个光子晶格LED提供基本上恒定电流的时间段越短,观察者对于光子晶格LED所发射的光所观察到的亮度越小(即,感知强度)。因而,通过以不同的频率在光子晶格LEDE105、110和115之间循环,可以创建对照明射束170的不同颜色的感知。作为替换,可以独立地调整每个LED上的电流,以改变光输出以及组合的输出中所得的颜色。
为了减少所需LED源的数量,可以使用单一白光子晶格LED来替换照明器100中的彩色LED。在白LED实施例中,诸如X棱镜120的光组合器当然不是必须的。相反地,透镜130与白LED对准,从而白LED眼科照明器的其余部分可以如参考图1中例示的照明器100。然而,白光光子晶格LED当前不可获得。因而,为了减少关于照明器100所需的LED源的数量,双色眼科照明器180被公开为如图1b中所示。照明器180包括第一光子晶格LED185和第二光子晶格LED190,其各自混合通过光组合器,诸如分色镜195。分色镜用作滤色镜,其中它们使得所选窄带颜色的光通过,同时反射所有其他颜色的光。因而,对于照明器180,分色镜195被配置为使得来自LED185的光通过,同时反射来自LED190的光。由此得到组合的单光束125。图1b中的其余部件如参考图1a的照明器100所述而行使功能。如参考图2的色品图200而进一步讨论地,LED185和190各自产生特定颜色的光。
图2示出了根据本公开的一个实施例的描绘了白光区域的色品图200或曲线图,其能够通过双色眼科照明器180所实现。例如,色品图200可以是CIE 1931色品图、CIE 1976色品图或者任意其他合适的色品图。色品图200一般地表示人眼可观察的颜色范围。更具体地,色品图表示了可由诸如上述的光子晶格LED185和190的单色光源产生的颜色范围。
如所示,色品图200由分界线202划分,从而将色品图分成左半部L和右半部R。在这一点上,色品图的左半部和右半部表示能够由光子晶格LED产生的可能的颜色。因而,将色品图200分成两个半部,从而左半部L表示发射波长小于约518nm的光的第一光子晶格LED204,而右半部R表示发射波长大于约518nm的光的第二光子晶格LED206。
白色区域208示为邻近黑体曲线210。如所示,分界线202划分白色区域208。白色区域208表示通过组合分别来自色品图200的左右半部的单色光源而能够产生的白光的光谱区域。更具体地,白色区域208包围通过排列LED204和206而沿着或靠近黑体曲线210的不同色温的白光。因而,分界线202限定了通过白色区域208的参考点,其允许通过将来自左半部L的第一单色光源204所发射的光的波长以及与来自右半部R的第二单色光源206所发射的光波长混合以产生白光。
光子晶格LED204和206被配置为产生位于约400nm至约700nm的范围内的特定波长的光。换句话说,LED204和206各自产生位于可见光光谱内的某个唯一颜色。在这一点上,图2示出了光子晶格LED204发射了波长约小于518nm的光,而光子晶体LED206发射了波长约大于518nm的光。
如图2中可见的是,当LED204发射来自左半部L的特定波长的光,而LED206发射来自右半部R的特定波长的光时,通过混合产生的合成光可被限定为在图2的色品图上沿着在两个源之间延伸的光色轴的特定点。虽然特定波长可以是任意值,但业已发现当组合特定范围的波长时,会实现产生白光的最优效率。如图2中所示,波长区域CD(例如495nm-405nm)和波长区域AB(例如575nm-650nm)表示了所选用于使用诸如LED204和206的两个单色光源以产生白光的最优效率的最优波长区域。换句话说,当混合LED源204和206以产生白光时,最优的是选择LED204从而其发射波长落入区域CD的光,并且选择LED206从而其发射波长落入区域AB的光。
如图2中所示,如果选择LED204用于在492nm处操作,而选择LED206用于在620nm处操作,那么这种源的组合光对于人眼的所得感知将位于光色轴212上。然而,如果选择LED204和206在其他特定频率操作,那么其他光轴将产生诸如光色轴214、216和218。如下表1示出了源204和206所产生的光波长的各种组合,所述组合限定了与色品图200中所示的色谱的白色区域208相交的光色轴212、214、216和218。
表1.与白色区域相交的光轴
光轴 | 单色光源204 | 单色光源206 |
212 | 492nm | 635nm |
214 | 488nm | 594nm |
216 | 473nm | 580nm |
218 | 405nm | 575nm |
虽然如上表1示出了产生与白色区域208相交的光色轴的光波长组合的特定示例,但是认为该表仅出于示意性目的,而不应理解为对可以使用的波长的可能组合的显式或隐式限制。而且,表1中所示的波长组合包括选自区域AB和CD的波长,并且这绝不意味着对来自色品图200的分界线202任一侧的、能被用于限定与白色区域208相交的光色轴的波长组合的可能范围的限制。用于LED对的示例性颜色分配可以是黄/紫或青绿/红。
重新参考图1b,如果通过例如参考图1a的照明器100所讨论的技术而使用控制器199调制LED185和190的相对强度,那么照明器180将产生被感知为其颜色位于色轴212上白色区域208内的一点的光170。通过改变对LED185和190的调制,感知颜色将从色轴212上的一点改变为另一点。可以在律师案卷号No.3510的题为“Bichromatic White Ophthalmic Illuminator”的共同转让的美国申请61/287,425中找到调谐诸如LED185和190的双色源以产生期望颜色的进一步细节。
上述实施例例示但并未限制本发明。还应当理解,根据本发明的原理,大量修改和变化方案是可能的。因此,本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求限定。
Claims (19)
1.一种眼科照明器,包括:
红光子晶格LED;
蓝光子晶格LED;
绿光子晶格LED;
光组合器,其可操作以将来自红、蓝和绿光子晶格LED的光束组合成单光束;
透镜;以及
光纤,
其中透镜可操作以将单光束聚焦在光纤的近端上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的眼科照明器,其中光组合器是X-棱镜光组合器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的眼科照明器,还包括:
机头;以及
从机头的远端延伸的探头,
其中光纤的远端部分延伸通过机头并进入探头。
4.根据权利要求3所述的眼科照明器,其中探头是不锈钢探头。
5.根据权利要求1所述的眼科照明器,还包括多个散热片,其可操作以耗散来自红、绿和蓝光子晶格LED的热量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的眼科照明器,其中透镜是非球面透镜。
7.根据权利要求1所述的眼科照明器,还包括控制器,其可操作以调制红、绿和蓝光子晶格LED,由此改变单光束的颜色。
8.一种眼科照明器,包括:
第一光子晶格LED;
第二光子晶格LED;
光组合器,其可操作以将来自第一和第二光子晶格LED的光束组合成单光束;
透镜;以及
光纤,
其中透镜可操作以将单光束聚焦在光纤的近端上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的眼科照明器,其中第一光子晶格LED产生具有第一波长的光束,而第二光子晶格LED产生具有第二波长的光束,并且其中单光束是作为第一和第二波长的合成结果的白光束。
10.根据权利要求9所述的眼科照明器,其中第一波长对应于黄光,而第二波长对应于紫光。
11.根据权利要求9所述的眼科照明器,其中第一波长对应于青绿光,而第二波长对应于红光。
12.根据权利要求8所述的眼科照明器,其中光组合器是分色镜。
13.根据权利要求8所述的眼科照明器,其中透镜是非球面透镜。
14.根据权利要求8所述的眼科照明器,还包括:
机头;以及
从机头的远端延伸的探头,
其中光纤的远端部分延伸通过机头并进入探头。
15.根据权利要求8所述的眼科照明器,还包括控制器,其可操作以调制红、绿和蓝光子晶格LED,由此改变单光束的颜色。
16.一种向眼内部提供照明的方法,该方法包括:
提供第一光子晶格LED和第二光子晶格LED;
使用相应的电流驱动第一和第二光子晶格LED,使得每个LED各自产生光束;
将来自第一和第二光子晶格LED的光束组合成单光束;
将单光束聚焦在光纤的近端上;并且
传送来自光纤的远端的光以照明眼内部。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中由第一光子晶格LED发射的光的第一波长和由第二光子晶格LED发射的光的第二波长限定与色品图的白色区域相交的光轴。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,还包括调制相应的电流,使得单光束的颜色位于白色区域内。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中调制包括脉冲宽度调制和幅度调制中的一种。
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- 2010-10-13 JP JP2012544498A patent/JP2013514137A/ja active Pending
- 2010-10-13 AU AU2010332264A patent/AU2010332264B2/en not_active Ceased
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CA2779854A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
JP2013514137A (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
US20110149247A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
EP2512322A4 (en) | 2013-09-18 |
AU2010332228A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
EP2512322A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
CN102711592A (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
EP2512323A4 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
JP2013514629A (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
EP2512323A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
WO2011075262A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
US20110149246A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
CA2779965A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
AU2010332264B2 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
US8348430B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
WO2011075206A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
CA2779854C (en) | 2017-08-29 |
US8371694B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
EP2512323B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
AU2010332228B2 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
AU2010332264A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
ES2567173T3 (es) | 2016-04-20 |
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