CN102639597B - 超支化聚酯在化妆品和皮肤病配制剂中的用途 - Google Patents
超支化聚酯在化妆品和皮肤病配制剂中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102639597B CN102639597B CN201080053730.8A CN201080053730A CN102639597B CN 102639597 B CN102639597 B CN 102639597B CN 201080053730 A CN201080053730 A CN 201080053730A CN 102639597 B CN102639597 B CN 102639597B
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- acid
- branched polyester
- ester
- alkyl
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-hexane-1,2,6-triol Chemical compound OCCCC[C@H](O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含超支化聚酯的组合物,所述超支化聚酯在化妆品和皮肤病学中的用途以及取代的超支化聚酯。
Description
本发明涉及包含高度支化聚酯的组合物以及这些高度支化聚酯在化妆品和皮肤病学中的用途。
增稠剂在药学和化妆品领域中在很大程度上用于提高制剂粘度。
根据制剂是呈水性、油性还是表面活性来选择增稠剂。Hugo Janistyn,Handbuch der Kosmetika und Riechstoffe[化妆品和香料手册],HüthigVerlag Heidelberg,第1卷,第3版,1978,第979页给出关于该主题的综述。
常用于水溶液的增稠剂的实例为脂肪酸聚乙二醇单酯、脂肪酸聚乙二醇二酯、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺、乙氧基化脂肪醇、乙氧基化甘油脂肪酸酯、纤维素醚、藻酸钠、聚丙烯酸和中性盐。
包含羧基的聚合物也已知为增稠剂。这些包括单烯属不饱和羧酸如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、马来酸酐和衣康酸的均聚物和共聚物。这些聚合物通常至少在很小程度上交联。该类聚合物例如描述于US2,798,053、US3,915,921、US3,940,351、US4,062,817、US4,066,583、US4,267,103、US5,349,030和US5,373,044中。
这些聚合物在用作增稠剂时的通常缺点为其pH依赖性和水解不稳定性。此外,为实现所需增稠作用通常需要大量聚合物并且在电解质存在下制剂的稳定性低。
天然存在的材料如酪蛋白、藻酸盐、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素和甲酯基纤维素也用作增稠剂。这些具有的缺点尤其为对微生物学因素敏感并且通常需要加入生物杀伤剂。
油性制剂的常用增稠剂在下文也称为油增稠剂,其为金属皂、无定形二氧化硅、羟基硬脂精、季铵碱与膨润土的化合物、蜡和石蜡。
表面活性剂溶液例如通过脂肪酸烷基醇酰胺、氧化胺、纤维素衍生物、多糖和上述包含羧基的聚合物增稠。
高官能的高度支化聚酯及其制备方法例如描述于DE10163163、DE10219508、DE10240817、DE10348463、DE102004026904和DE102005060783中。
WO2006/018063描述了用于头发化妆品的组合物,其包含疏水官能化的树枝状大分子。所述树枝状大分子由聚酯单元(可以商品名Boltorn获得)或聚酰胺单元(可以商品名Hybrane获得)组成。
DE102005063096描述了包含0.05-20重量%的至少一种超支化聚酯和/或聚酰胺酯的化妆品组合物。所述组合物据报导具有头发清洁和/或头发护理特性。所述聚酯和/或聚酰胺酯未被取代。
WO2004/078809公开了高度支化聚合物及包含它们的化妆品组合物。
本发明目的为找到流变改性的,特别是增稠的,尤其是油增稠的聚合物,其高度适合于化妆品应用且尤其在皮肤化妆品领域中具有良好的应用性能。除了对于少量使用材料的良好增稠作用外,这些还包括在凝胶应用情况下的澄清度、对于油不溶性和/或难稳定组分的(共)乳化和稳定作用、在化妆品制剂中的良好掺入性(incorporability)。特别是对于凝胶,需要最大可能的制剂透明度(澄清度)。为了确保最宽的可能配制性(formulatability),需要增稠剂呈低颜色和低气味,理想地呈无色和无味。
此外,对于在(皮肤)化妆品和/或皮肤病学应用中使用,需要不引起变应性反应。
该目的通过下文所述的取代的高度支化聚酯实现。
对本发明而言,高度支化聚酯应理解为指具有羟基和羧基且在结构和分子上不均匀的未交联大分子。其组成可能首先起始于中心分子,其类似于树枝状聚合物(dendrimer),但具有不均匀链长的支链。其次,它们还可能在组成上呈带官能侧基的线性结构,或将这两种极端情况结合起来具有线性和支化分子结构部分。对于树枝状聚合物和超支化聚合物的定义,还参见P.J.Flory,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1952,74,2718和H.Frey等,Chem.Eur.J.2000,6,第14期,2499。
对本发明而言,“高度支化”应理解为指支化度(DB),即每分子中树枝状链接平均数加上端基平均数除以树枝状链接平均数、线性链接平均数和端基平均数之和乘以100为10-99.9%,优选20-99%,特别优选20-95%。
除了术语高度支化外,术语超支化也由文献已知。对本发明而言,所述两个术语应理解为同义。
对本发明而言,“树枝状”应理解为指支化度为99.9-100%。对于“支化度”的定义,参见H.Frey等,Acta Polym.1997,48,30。
对本申请而言,未交联是指存在小于15重量%,优选小于10重量%的支化度,其通过聚合物的不溶部分测定。
聚合物的不溶部分按照如下测定:在索格利特抽提器中用如凝胶渗透色谱法所用相同的溶剂,即四氢呋喃、二甲基乙酰胺或六氟异丙醇(取决于所述聚合物在哪种溶剂中更可溶)抽提4小时并在干燥残余物至恒重之后称量残留残余物。
高度支化聚酯的制备如下所述。
使至少一种脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族二羧酸(A2)或其衍生物和合适的话具有两个OH基团的二价脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族醇(B2)与至少一种具有超过两个OH基团的x-价脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族醇(Cx)反应,其中x大于2,优选为3-8,特别优选为3-6,非常特别优选为3-4,尤其是3,
所述反应合适的话在其它官能化的结构单元E的存在下进行,
其中选择反应混合物中反应性基团的比例,使得OH基团与羧基或其衍生物的摩尔比为5∶1-1∶5,优选为4∶1-1∶4,特别优选为3∶1-1∶3,非常特别优选为2∶1-1∶2。
二羧酸(A2)包括例如脂族二羧酸,如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一烷-α,ω-二羧酸、十二烷-α,ω-二羧酸、顺-和反-环己烷-1,2-二羧酸、顺-和反-环己烷-1,3-二羧酸、顺-和反-环己烷-1,4-二羧酸、顺-和反-环戊烷-1,2-二羧酸、顺-和反-环戊烷-1,3-二羧酸。也可以另外使用芳族二羧酸,例如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸或对苯二甲酸。也可以使用不饱和二羧酸,如马来酸或富马酸。
所述二羧酸也可以被一个或多个选自下列的基团取代:
C1-C10烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、异庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、三甲基戊基、正壬基或正癸基,
C3-C12环烷基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一烷基和环十二烷基;优选环戊基、环己基和环庚基;
亚烷基,如亚甲基或亚乙基,或
C6-C14芳基,例如苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、1-蒽基、2-蒽基、9-蒽基、1-菲基、2-菲基、3-菲基、4-菲基和9-菲基,优选苯基、1-萘基和2-萘基,特别优选苯基。
可以提及的取代二羧酸的代表实例为:2-甲基丙二酸、2-乙基丙二酸、2-苯基丙二酸、2-甲基琥珀酸、2-乙基琥珀酸、2-苯基琥珀酸、衣康酸、3,3-二甲基戊二酸。
也可以使用两种或更多种上述二羧酸的混合物。
所述二羧酸可以原样使用或以衍生物形式使用。
衍生物的含义优选为:
-相应的单体或聚合物形式的酸酐,
-单烷基或二烷基酯,优选单-或二-C1-C4烷基酯,特别优选单甲酯或二甲酯或者相应的单乙酯或二乙酯,
-以及单乙烯基酯和二乙烯基酯,和
-混合酯,优选具有不同C1-C4烷基组分的混合酯,特别优选混合的甲基乙基酯。
对本申请而言,C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基,优选甲基、乙基和正丁基,特别优选甲基和乙基,非常特别优选甲基。
对本发明而言,也可以使用二羧酸和一种或多种其衍生物的混合物。同样,对本发明而言也可以使用一种或多种二羧酸的两种或更多种不同衍生物的混合物。
特别优选使用丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、1,2-、1,3-或1,4-环己烷二羧酸(六氢苯二甲酸)、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸或者其单烷基酯或二烷基酯。
可根据本发明使用的二醇(B2)例如为乙二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,2-二醇、丁烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、丁烷-2,3-二醇、戊烷-1,2-二醇、戊烷-1,3-二醇、戊烷-1,4-二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇、戊烷-2,3-二醇、戊烷-2,4-二醇、己烷-1,2-二醇、己烷-1,3-二醇、己烷-1,4-二醇、己烷-1,5-二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、己烷-2,5-二醇、庚烷-1,2-二醇、1,7-庚二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,2-辛二醇、1,9-壬二醇、1,2-癸二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-十二烷二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、1,5-己二烯-3,4-二醇、1,2-和1,3-环戊二醇、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己二醇、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-双(羟乙基)环己烷、新戊二醇、(2)-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2,4-二甲基-2,4-戊二醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇、频哪醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、双丙甘醇、三丙甘醇、聚乙二醇HO(CH2CH2O)n-H或聚丙二醇HO(CH[CH3]CH2O)n-H(其中n为整数且n≥4)、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇(其中氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯单元的顺序可以是嵌段或无规的)、聚四亚甲基二醇(优选分子量最高为5000g/mol)、聚1,3-丙二醇(优选分子量最高为5000g/mol)、聚己内酯,或者两种或更多种上述化合物代表的混合物。在这里,上述二醇中的一个或者两个羟基可以由SH基团替代。优选使用的二醇为乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,2-、1,3-和1,4-环己二醇、1,3-和1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷,以及二甘醇、三甘醇、双丙甘醇和三丙甘醇。
二元醇B2也可以任选地包含其它官能团如羰基、羧基、烷氧基羰基或磺酰基,例如二羟甲基丙酸或二羟甲基丁酸,以及它们的C1-C4烷基酯,但是优选醇B2不具有其它官能团。
至少三官能醇(Cx)包括甘油、三羟甲基甲烷、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、1,2,4-丁三醇、三(羟甲基)胺、三(羟乙基)胺、三(羟丙基)胺、季戊四醇、双甘油、三甘油或更高级的甘油缩合产物、二(三羟甲基丙烷)、二(季戊四醇)、三羟甲基异氰脲酸酯、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯(THEIC)、三(羟丙基)异氰脲酸酯、肌醇,或糖类如葡萄糖、果糖或蔗糖,糖醇类如山梨醇、甘露醇、苏糖醇、赤藻糖醇、侧金蓝醇(核糖醇)、阿拉伯糖醇(lyxitol)、木糖醇、卫矛醇(半乳糖醇)、麦芽糖醇、异麦芽糖醇,基于三-或更高官能醇和氧化乙烯、氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯的三-或更高官能聚醚多元醇。
就此而言,特别优选甘油、双甘油、三甘油、三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、1,2,4-丁三醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯,以及其基于氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯的聚醚多元醇。
本发明方法可以在稀释剂不存在下或在溶剂存在下进行。合适的溶剂例如为烃类如烷烃或芳烃。特别合适的烷烃为正庚烷和环己烷。特别合适的芳烃为甲苯、邻-二甲苯、间-二甲苯、对-二甲苯、二甲苯异构体混合物、乙苯、氯苯与邻-和间-二氯苯。在不存在酸性催化剂时其它合适的溶剂非常特别地为醚类如二烷或四氢呋喃,和酮类如甲乙酮和甲基异丁基酮。
根据本发明,溶剂的添加量基于待反应的所用原料质量为至少0.1重量%,优选为至少1重量%,特别优选为至少10重量%。也可以基于待反应的所用原料质量使用过量的溶剂,如1.01-10倍。溶剂用量基于待反应的所用原料质量大于100倍是不利的,因为在反应物浓度非常低时反应速率明显下降,导致不经济的长反应时间。
在一个优选的实施方案中,该反应在无溶剂下进行。
为了进行本发明方法,可以在反应开始时作为添加剂添加的除水剂的存在下操作。合适实例为分子筛,尤其是分子筛、MgSO4和Na2SO4。也可以在反应期间添加其它除水剂或者通过新的除水剂来替换除水剂。也可以在反应期间通过蒸馏除去形成的水和/或醇,并且例如可以使用分水器,此时借助共沸剂来除去水。
分离也可以通过汽提来进行:例如,将在反应条件下为惰性的气体通过反应混合物;另外合适的话,通到蒸馏设备中。合适的惰性气体优选为氮气、稀有气体、二氧化碳或燃烧气体。
本发明方法可以在不存在催化剂下进行。但是,优选在至少一种催化剂的存在下操作。催化剂优选为酸性的无机、有机金属或有机催化剂,或者两种或更多种酸性的无机、有机金属或有机催化剂的混合物。
对本发明而言,酸性无机催化剂例如为硫酸,硫酸盐和硫酸氢盐(如硫酸氢钠),磷酸,膦酸,次磷酸,硫酸铝水合物,明矾,酸性二氧化硅胶体(pH≤6、尤其是≤5)和酸性氧化铝。例如还可以使用通式Al(OR1)3的铝化合物和通式Ti(OR1)4的钛酸盐作为酸性无机催化剂,其中在每种情况下基团R1可以相同或不同且彼此独立地选自:
C1-C20烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、仲戊基、新戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、正庚基、异庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基、正十二烷基、正十六烷基或正十八烷基,
C3-C12环烷基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一烷基和环十二烷基;优选环戊基、环己基和环庚基。
Al(OR1)3和Ti(OR1)4中的基团R1优选在每种情况下均相同且选自正丁基、异丙基或2-乙基己基。
优选的酸性有机金属催化剂例如选自二烷基氧化锡R1 2SnO或二烷基锡酯R1 2Sn(OR2)2,其中R1如上所定义且可以相同或不同。
R2可以具有与R1相同的含义,并且另外也可以是C6-C12芳基,例如苯基,邻-、间-或对-甲苯基,二甲苯基或萘基。R2在每种情况下可以相同或不同。
有机锡催化剂的实例为正辛酸锡(II)、2-乙基己酸锡(II)、月桂酸锡(II)、二丁基氧化锡、二苯基氧化锡、二丁基二氯化锡、二丁基二乙酸锡、二丁基二月桂酸锡、二丁基二马来酸锡或二辛基二乙酸锡。
酸性有机金属催化剂的特别优选代表为二丁基氧化锡、二苯基氧化锡和二丁基二月桂酸锡。
优选的酸性有机催化剂为具有例如磷酸酯基团、磺酸基团、硫酸酯基团或膦酸基团的酸性有机化合物。特别优选磺酸,例如对甲苯磺酸。酸性离子交换树脂也可以用作酸性有机催化剂,例如含有磺酸基团且已经用约2mol%二乙烯基苯交联的聚苯乙烯树脂。
也可以使用两种或更多种上述催化剂的组合。也可以使用为固定形式中的离散分子形式的那些有机或有机金属催化剂或者无机催化剂,例如在二氧化硅胶体或沸石上。
需要的话使用酸性的无机、有机金属或有机催化剂,则根据本发明催化剂的用量为0.1-10重量%,优选为0.2-2重量%。
对本发明而言,酶或酶分解产物同样属于有机催化剂。特别优选有效量的脂酶,其例如可由柱状假丝酵母(Candida cylindracea)、解脂假丝酵母(Candida lipolytica)、皱褶假丝酵母(Candida rugosa)、南极假丝酵母(Candida antarctica)、产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)、粘色素杆菌(Chromobacterium viscosum)、粘地霉(Geotrichum viscosum)、白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)、爪哇毛霉(Mucor j avanicus)、米黑毛霉(Mucormihei)、猪胰腺、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluoprescens)、洋葱假单胞菌(Pseudomonas cepacia)、少根根霉(Rhizopusarrhizus)、德氏根霉(Rhizopus delemar)、雪白根霉(Rhizopus niveus)、米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、娄地青霉(Penicilliumroquefortii)、沙门柏干酪青霉(Penicillium camembertii)获得,或来自芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)嗜热糖溶解芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus thermoglucosidasius)的酯酶。
本发明方法优选在惰性气体气氛下进行,即在反应条件下为惰性的气体,例如二氧化碳、燃烧气体、氮气或稀有气体,其中尤其应提及氩气。
本发明方法在60-250°C的温度下进行。优选在80-200°C,特别优选100-180°C的温度下操作。
本发明方法的压力条件通常并不严格。可以在显著降低的压力如10-500毫巴下操作。本发明方法也可以在高于500毫巴的压力下进行。基于简单的考虑,优选在大气压下反应;但是也可以在稍微升压如至多1200毫巴下实施。也可以在明显升压如在至多10巴的压力下操作。优选在减压或大气压下反应,特别优选大气压。
本发明方法的反应时间通常为10分钟-48小时,优选为30分钟-24小时,特别优选为1-12小时。
反应结束之后,可以容易地分离出高官能的高度支化或超支化聚酯,例如通过过滤掉催化剂和合适的话汽提除去溶剂,此时通常在减压下进行溶剂的汽提。其它非常合适的处理方法是在添加水之后沉淀聚合物并后洗干燥。
d)需要的话,可以将反应混合物进行脱色处理,例如用活性碳或金属氧化物如氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化镁、氧化锆、氧化硼或其混合物来进行处理,其用量例如为0.1-50重量%,优选为0.5-25重量%,特别优选为1-10重量%,且温度例如为10-200°C,优选为20-180°C,特别优选为30-160°C。
该步骤可以按照如下进行:将粉状或颗粒状脱色剂添加到反应混合物中并随后过滤;或者将反应混合物从呈任意所需的合适模制品形式的脱色剂床上通过。
反应混合物可以在后处理工艺中任意所需位置处进行脱色:例如,在粗制反应混合物阶段;或者在任选预洗、中和、洗涤或除去溶剂之后。
反应混合物可以另外进行预洗e)和/或中和f)和/或后洗g),优选只进行中和f)。合适的话,也可以颠倒进行中和f)和预洗e)的顺序。
所包含的有价值的产物可通过酸化和溶剂提取从洗涤和/或中和的水相中至少部分回收,并且再次使用。
在预洗或后洗之前,将反应混合物在洗涤器中用洗涤液进行处理,洗涤液例如为水,或者浓度为5-30重量%,优选5-20重量%,特别优选5-15重量%的氯化钠溶液、氯化钾溶液、氯化铵溶液、硫酸钠溶液或硫酸铵溶液,优选水或氯化钠溶液。
反应混合物与洗涤液的定量比通常为1∶0.1-1,优选为1∶0.2-0.8,特别优选为1∶0.3-0.7。
洗涤或中和可以例如在搅拌容器或其它常规设备如塔或混合澄清槽装置中进行。
对于本发明方法中的洗涤或中和,在工艺方面,可以使用本身已知的所有萃取和洗涤方法和装置,例如Ullmann′s Encyclopedia of IndustrialChemistry,第6版,1999电子版,Liquid–Liquid Extraction–Apparatus章节中所描述的那些。其例如可以为单级或多级,优选单级的萃取,以及呈并流或逆流方式,优选逆流方式的那些。
优选使用具有规整和/或堆积填料的筛板塔,搅拌容器或混合澄清槽装置,以及脉动塔或具有旋转内件的那些。
当(共同)使用金属盐,优选有机锡化合物作为催化剂时,优选采用预洗。
为了从已被中和的反应混合物中除去痕量的碱或盐,有利地进行后洗。
对于中和f),将可能仍然含有少量催化剂和/或羧酸的任选预洗的反应混合物用浓度为5-25重量%,优选5-20重量%,特别优选5-15重量%的碱水溶液进行中和,例如为碱金属或碱土金属的氧化物、氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐,优选氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钾、氢氧化钙、石灰乳、氨、氨水或碳酸钾,合适的话可向该碱水溶液中添加5-15重量%的氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化铵或硫酸铵,特别优选氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钠溶液/氯化钠溶液。中和度基于包含酸基团的单体优选为5-60mol%,优选为10-40mol%,特别优选为20-30mol%。
添加碱使得设备中的温度不会上升到高于60°C,优选为20-35°C,并且pH为4-13。优选通过借助内冷却盘管或冷却夹套冷却容器来除去中和热。
反应混合物与中和液体的定量比通常为1∶0.1-1,优选为1∶0.2-0.8,特别优选为1∶0.3-0.7。
至于装置,上述说明均适用。
h)如果反应混合物中存在溶剂,则可以通过蒸馏的方式将其基本除去。优选地,在洗涤和/或中和之后除去反应混合物中存在的任何溶剂;但是,需要的话,这也可以在洗涤和/或中和之前进行。
为此,反应混合物可以与储存稳定剂一起使用,储存稳定剂的用量应使得在除去溶剂之后其在目标酯(残余物)中的存在量为100-500ppm,优选为200-500ppm,特别优选为200-400ppm。
蒸馏除去大量的任选使用的溶剂或低沸点副产物例如可以在装有夹套加热和/或内加热盘管的搅拌容器中,在减压如20-700毫巴,优选30-500毫巴,特别优选50-150毫巴和40-120°C的温度下进行。
当然,蒸馏也可以在降膜蒸发器或薄膜蒸发器中进行。为此,将反应混合物在减压如20-700毫巴,优选30-500毫巴,特别优选50-150毫巴和40-80°C的温度下输送通过该装置,优选循环数次。
可有利地向蒸馏装置中引入在反应条件下为惰性的气体,例如按每小时每m3反应混合物计引入0.1-1,优选0.2-0.8,特别优选0.3-0.7m3的含氧气体。
蒸馏后,残余物中的溶剂残留量通常小于5重量%,优选0.5-5重量%,特别优选1-3重量%。
将已除去的溶剂冷凝并优选再次使用。
需要的话,可以进行溶剂汽提i)来补充或代替蒸馏。
为此,将可能仍然含有少量溶剂或低沸点杂质的产物加热到50-150°C,优选80-150°C,并在合适的装置中用合适的气体将残余量的溶剂除去。合适的话,也可以施加真空来促进。
合适装置例如为设计本身已知且具有常用内件如塔板、堆积填料或规整填料,优选堆积填料的塔。合适的塔内件原则上为所有常用内件,例如塔板、规整填料和/或堆积填料。在塔板中,优选泡罩塔板、堆积筛板(sievedumped tray)、浮阀塔板、索尔曼塔板和/或双流式塔板;并且在填料中,优选具有环形物、盘管、鞍状物、腊希环、Intos环或鲍尔环、筒形鞍状物或英驼洛克斯鞍形填料、Top-Pak等或网孔的那些。
此处也合适的为降膜蒸发器、薄膜蒸发器或刮板式薄膜蒸发器,如卢瓦蒸发器、转膜蒸发器或Sambay蒸发器,其例如可以装配有作为防溅罩的除沫器。
合适的气体是在汽提条件下为惰性的气体,尤其是已调节到温度为50-100°C的那些。
汽提气的用量例如为按每小时每m3反应混合物计5-20,特别优选10-20,非常特别优选10-15m3汽提气。
需要的话,在后处理过程的任意希望的阶段,优选在洗涤/中和之后,并且合适的话,在除去溶剂之后,可以将酯化混合物进行过滤j),以除去痕量的沉淀盐以及存在的任何脱色剂。
优选省略预洗或后洗e)或g);只有过滤步骤j)可以是切合实际的。同样优选省略中和f)。
步骤e)/g)以及h)和j)的顺序是任意的。
本发明进一步提供了可通过本发明方法获得的高官能的高度支化或超支化聚酯。这些聚酯的特征在于特别低比例的脱色和树脂化。
本发明聚酯的分子量Mn为至少500,优选至少600,特别优选750g/mol。分子量Mn的上限优选为100000g/mol,特别优选不大于80000g/mol,非常特别优选不大于30000g/mol。
涉及多分散性以及数均分子量与重均分子量Mn和Mw的数据在此表示使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为标准和四氢呋喃、二甲基乙酰胺或六氟异丙醇作为洗提液通过凝胶渗透色谱法得到的测量值。该方法描述于Analytiker Taschenbuch,第4卷,第433-442页,Berlin 1984中。
聚酯的多分散性为1.2-50,优选为1.4-40,特别优选为1.5-30,非常特别优选至多为10。
聚酯的溶解性通常非常好;即,在25°C下,可以用含量高达50重量%,有时甚至高达80重量%的本发明聚酯在四氢呋喃(THF)、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙醇和许多其它溶剂中制得透明溶液,并且无肉眼可以观察到的凝胶颗粒。这证实了本发明聚酯的交联度低。
高官能的高度支化和超支化聚酯是羧基封端的、羧基-和羟基封端的,优选为羟基封端的。
在一个优选实施方案中,高度支化聚酯被线性或支化C4-C40烷基和/或链烯基完全或部分取代。对本发明而言,链烯基可以呈单不饱和或多不饱和。
对本发明而言,取代是指高度支化聚酯与化合物A在聚合反应期间和/或之后反应。化合物A的特征在于它们包含线性或支化C4-C40烷基和/或链烯基和反应性基团这一事实。化合物A的反应性基团能够与高度支化聚酯反应。化合物A优选包含正好一个线性或支化C4-C40烷基和/或链烯基和正好一个反应性基团。
已与化合物A反应的高度支化聚酯称为取代的高度支化聚酯。
取代可完全或部分地进行。在完全取代的情况下,这是指高度支化聚酯的反应性基团与化合物A完全反应。在部分取代的情况下,并非高度支化聚酯的全部反应性基团与化合物A反应。
高度支化聚酯优选被辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基(月桂基)、十四烷基、十六烷基(棕榈基)、十七烷基、十八烷基(硬脂基)和/或相应的单-或多不饱和等价物如十二碳烯基、己二烯基(sorbinyl)、十八碳烯基(油基)、亚油基或亚麻基取代。
就此而言,等价物应理解为指仅由于其具有至少一个双键这一事实而不同于相应线性或支化烷基的烃基。
取代的高度支化聚酯优选通过使所得高官能的高度支化或超支化聚酯与合适的官能化试剂反应获得,该试剂可以与聚酯的OH和/或酯基反应。
例如可以通过加入酸衍生物基团如酯、酸酐或酰胺或包含异氰酸酯基团的分子对包含羟基的高官能的高度支化聚酯进行改性。例如可以经由与包含酸酐基团的化合物反应而得到包含酸基团的聚酯。
这里,取代化合物的反应性基团与高度支化聚酯的反应性基团的摩尔比为1∶10-1∶1,优选1∶5-1∶1.1,尤其优选1∶2-1∶1.2。特别优选的范围为1∶1.7-1∶1.4。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,取代用式R-CO-Y的羧酸衍生物和/或式R-NCO的异氰酸酯进行,其中各基团具有以下含义。
R为线性或支化C4-C40烷基。
Y为OR1、OC(O)R2或NR3 2。在这里,R1为氢或线性或支化C1-C6烷基,R2为线性或支化C4-C40烷基,其中R和R2可以相同或不同。R3为氢或线性或支化C1-C4烷基,其中两个基团R3可以彼此相同或不同。
优选的化合物为线性C4-C40烷基异氰酸酯,尤其优选辛基异氰酸酯、壬基异氰酸酯、癸基异氰酸酯、十一烷基异氰酸酯、十二烷基(月桂基)异氰酸酯、十四烷基异氰酸酯、十六烷基(棕榈基)异氰酸酯、十七烷基异氰酸酯、十八烷基(硬脂基)异氰酸酯。
其它优选的化合物为具有一个或多个双键的线性C4-C40链烯基异氰酸酯,尤其优选十二碳烯基异氰酸酯、己二烯基(sorbinyl)异氰酸酯、十八碳烯基(油基)异氰酸酯、亚油基异氰酸酯或亚麻基异氰酸酯。
非常特别优选的化合物为硬脂基异氰酸酯。
取代例如可在随后工艺步骤(步骤c))中进行。然而,取代还可以早在高度支化聚酯制备过程中就进行。
取代优选在随后工艺步骤中进行。
若取代在随后工艺步骤中进行,则优选首先引入高度支化聚酯并且加入一种或多种化合物A。
取代通常在0-300°C,优选0-250°C,特别优选60-200°C,非常特别优选60-160°C的温度下在稀释剂不存在下或在溶液中进行。这里通常可以使用对特定原料呈惰性的所有溶剂。优选使用有机溶剂如癸烷、十二烷、苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或溶剂石脑油。
在一个优选实施方案中,取代反应在稀释剂不存在下进行。为了加速反应,反应过程中释放的低分子量化合物可以从反应平衡中除去,例如通过蒸馏,需要的话在减压下蒸馏。
为了完成反应,可能需要在加入化合物A之后或若使用两种或更多种化合物A则在加入各化合物A之后,升高反应容器的温度。该升高通常为10-50°C,优选20-40°C。
高官能聚酯的取代在大多数情况下在0.1毫巴至20巴,优选1毫巴至5巴的压力范围内在分批、半连续或连续操作的反应器或反应器级联中进行。
本发明提供一种包含至少一种取代的高度支化聚酯的化妆品组合物。
所述化妆品组合物优选包含至少一种适合于化妆学上的载体。
取代的高度支化聚酯在化妆品和/或皮肤病配制剂中的用途基于本发明。
所述用途优选用于皮肤化妆品配制剂中。
优选使用取代的高度支化聚酯作为增稠剂。就此而言,尤其优选作为油增稠剂的用途。
皮肤化妆品制剂
本发明的皮肤化妆品组合物,尤其是那些用于皮肤护理的组合物,可以各种形式存在和使用。因此,其例如可以是水包油型(O/W)乳液或复合乳液,如水包油包水(W/O/W)型。不含乳化剂的配制剂如水分散体、水凝胶或Pickering乳液也为有利的实施方案。
配制剂的稠度可以从糊状配制剂经由可流动配制剂到低粘度、可喷雾的产品。因此,可配制成霜剂、乳剂或喷雾剂。使用时,可将本发明的化妆品组合物以化妆品和皮肤病组合物常用的方式以合适的量施用于皮肤。
皮肤表面的盐含量足以降低本发明制剂的粘度,从而使制剂能够方便地分散和渗入。
本发明的皮肤化妆品制剂尤其以W/O或O/W皮肤霜剂、日霜和晚霜、眼霜、面霜、防皱霜、mimic cream、补水霜、增白霜、维生素霜、皮肤乳剂、护理乳剂和补水乳剂的形式存在。
其它有利的皮肤化妆品制剂为脸部滋补剂、面膜、祛臭剂和其它化妆品乳剂以及用于装饰化妆品的制剂,例如遮盖棒、舞台化妆、睫毛膏、眼影、唇膏、眼影粉笔、眼线膏、化妆品、底粉、胭脂、香粉和眉笔。
此外,本发明的组合物可用于鼻部区域的毛孔清洁、用于祛痘组合物、驱避剂、刮剃组合物、除毛组合物、私处护理组合物、足部护理组合物及用于婴儿护理。除W/W乳液聚合物和合适的载体外,本发明的皮肤化妆品制剂还包含如上所述及以下所述的化妆品中常用的其它活性成分和/或助剂。
这些优选地包括乳化剂,防腐剂,芳香油,化妆品活性成分如植烷三醇、维生素A、E和C、松香油、红没药醇、泛醇、天然及合成的光防护剂,漂白剂,着色剂,色泽剂,鞣剂,胶原质,蛋白质水解物,稳定剂,pH调节剂,染料,盐,增稠剂,凝胶形成剂,稠度调节剂,硅氧烷,润湿剂,调节剂,加脂剂以及其它常规添加剂。
若想形成特定的性能,也可在组合物中加入其它的聚合物。为形成某种性质,例如改善触摸感、扩散性能、抗水性和/或活性成分和助剂如颜料的粘合性,组合物中也可另外包含基于硅氧烷化合物的调节物质。合适的硅氧烷化合物例如为聚烷基硅氧烷、聚芳基硅氧烷、聚芳烷基硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷醚或有机硅树脂。
本发明组合物其它可能的成分描述于以下相关的关键词下。
油、脂肪和蜡
皮肤和头发化妆品组合物还优选包含油、脂肪或蜡。
化妆品组合物的油相和/或脂肪相的成分有利地选自:卵磷脂和脂肪酸甘油三酯,即链长为8-24,尤其是12-18个碳原子的饱和和/或不饱和的支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸的甘油三酯。脂肪酸甘油三酯可例如有利地选自合成、半合成和天然油,如橄榄油、葵花油、大豆油、花生油、菜籽油、杏仁油、棕榈油、椰子油、蓖麻油、麦胚油、葡萄籽油、蓟油、夜来香油、澳洲坚果油等。其它极性油组分可选自链长为3-30个碳原子的饱和和/或不饱和的支链和/或直链烷烃羧酸与链长为3-30个碳原子的饱和和/或不饱和的支链和/或直链醇的酯,选自芳族羧酸与链长为3-30个碳原子的饱和和/或不饱和的支链和/或直链醇的酯。该类酯油则可有利地选自肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、硬脂酸异丙酯、油酸异丙酯、硬脂酸正丁酯、月桂酸正己酯、油酸正癸酯、硬脂酸异辛酯、硬脂酸异壬酯、异壬酸异壬酯、棕榈酸2-乙基己基酯、月桂酸2-乙基己基酯、硬脂酸2-己基癸基酯、棕榈酸2-辛基十二烷基酯、油酸油基酯、芥酸油酯、油酸瓢心菜基酯、瓢心菜基芥酸酯、二辛基碳酸酯(Cetiol CC)和椰油甘油酯(Myritol 331)、丁二醇二辛酸酯/二癸酸酯和己二酸二丁酯,以及这类酯的合成、半合成和天然混合物,如霍霍巴油。
此外,一种或多种油组分可有利地选自支链和直链烃和烃蜡,硅油,二烷基醚,选自饱和或不饱和的支链或直链醇。
这些油和蜡组分的任意希望的混合物也有利地用于本发明的上下文中。在某些情况下,还可能有利的是使用蜡,例如棕榈酸鲸蜡基酯作为油相的唯一脂质体组分。
根据本发明,油组分有利地选自:异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯、辛基十二烷醇、异壬酸异十三烷基酯、异二十烷、椰油2-乙基己基酯、苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯和二辛基醚。
根据本发明,苯甲酸C12-C15烷基酯和异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯的混合物、苯甲酸C12-C15烷基酯和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物以及苯甲酸C12-C15烷基酯、异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物是有利的。
根据本发明,脂肪酸甘油三酯,尤其是大豆油和/或杏仁油特别优选用作极性为5-50mN/m的油。
在烃中,液体石蜡、角鲨烷、角鲨烯,尤其是聚异丁烯(也可以被氢化)有利地用于本发明的上下文中。
此外,油相可有利地选自Guerbet醇。Guerbet醇根据下列反应方程式:
通过将醇氧化成醛,通过该醛的醇醛缩合,从醇醛中除去水并将烯丙基醛氢化而得到。Guerbet醇甚至在低温下为液体并基本上不会引起皮肤刺激。它们在化妆品组合物中可有利地用作加脂、富脂和再加脂成分。
Guerbet醇在化妆品中的使用本身是已知的。该类醇因而在大多数情况下特征在于具有如下结构:
此处R1和R2通常是直链烷基。
根据本发明,Guerbet醇或醇类有利地选自这样的一组:其中R1=丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基或辛基,和
R2=己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基或十四烷基。
根据本发明也有利地使用本发明Guerbet醇的混合物,例如2-丁基辛醇和2-己基癸醇的混合物(例如商业上可得的14(Condea))。
该类油和蜡组分的任何所需混合物也有利地用于本发明的上下文中。在聚烯烃中,聚癸烯是优选物质。
油组分还可有利地具有环状或线性硅油,或完全由该类油组成,但除了硅油以外,优选使用额外量的其它油相组分。
低分子量硅氧烷或硅油通常由下述通式所定义:
高分子量硅氧烷或硅油通常由下述通式所定义:
其中硅原子可以被相同或不同的烷基和/或芳基取代,该烷基和芳基此处通常由基团R1-R4表示。然而不同基团的数量不必须限定为4。此处m可以认为是2-200000的值。
根据本发明有利地使用的环状硅氧烷通常由下述通式所定义:
其中硅原子可以被相同或不同的烷基和/或芳基取代,该烷基和芳基此处通常由基团R1-R4表示。然而不同基团的数量不必须限定为4。此处n可以为3/2-20的值。考虑到环中可能存在奇数个硅氧基,因此n存在分数值。
聚苯基三甲基硅氧烷有利地选作硅油。其它硅油,例如聚二甲基硅氧烷、六甲基环状三聚硅氧烷、聚苯基二甲基硅氧烷、环状聚二甲基硅氧烷(例如十甲基环状五聚硅氧烷)、六甲基环状三聚硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚(甲基苯基硅氧烷)、鲸蜡基聚二甲基硅氧烷、二十二烷基氧基聚二甲基硅氧烷也有利地用于本发明的上下文中。而且环状聚二甲基硅氧烷和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物以及环状聚二甲基硅氧烷和异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯的混合物也是有利的。
然而,还有利的是选择成分与上文指定的化合物的成分类似但是其有机侧链被衍生(例如聚乙氧基化和/或聚丙氧基化)的硅油。这些例如包括聚硅氧烷聚烷基/聚醚共聚物,例如含聚氧乙烯或氧丙烯侧链的鲸蜡基聚二甲基硅氧烷。
环状聚二甲基硅氧烷(八甲基环状四聚硅氧烷)有利地用作根据本发明使用的硅油。
有利地使用的脂肪和/或蜡组分可选自:植物蜡、动物蜡、矿物蜡和石化蜡。例如有利的是小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、日本蜡、细茎针草蜡、软木蜡、瓜耳胶蜡、米胚油蜡、甘蔗蜡、浆果蜡、小冠椰子蜡、褐煤蜡、霍霍巴蜡、牛油树脂、蜂蜡、虫胶蜡、鲸油、羊毛脂(羊毛蜡)、尾臀油脂、地蜡、地蜡(地蜡)、石蜡和微晶蜡。
其它有利的脂肪和/或蜡组分是化学改性的蜡和合成蜡,例如HRC(三-二十碳烷酸甘油酯)和AW 1C(C18-36脂肪酸)和褐煤酯蜡,sasol蜡,氢化霍霍巴蜡,合成或改性的蜂蜡(如含聚氧乙烯或氧丙烯侧链的聚二甲基硅氧烷蜂蜡和/或C30-50烷基蜂蜡),蓖麻油酸鲸蜡基酯,例如CR,聚亚烷基蜡,聚乙二醇蜡,但还有化学改性的脂肪,例如氢化植物油(例如氢化蓖麻油和/或氢化椰子脂肪甘油酯),甘油三酯,如氢化大豆甘油酯、三羟基硬脂精,脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯和乙二醇酯,例如C20-40烷基硬脂酸酯、C20-40烷基羟基硬脂酰基硬脂酸酯和/或褐煤酸乙二醇酯。此外还有利的是具有类似于所述脂肪和/或蜡组分的物理性质的某些有机硅化合物,例如硬脂氧基三甲基硅烷。
根据本发明,脂肪和/或蜡组分在组合物中可单独或者混合使用。
这些油和蜡组分的任何希望的混合物还有利地用于本发明的上下文中。
油相有利地选自:异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯、辛基十二烷醇、异壬酸异十三烷基酯、丁二醇二辛酸酯/二癸酸酯、椰油酸2-乙基己基酯、苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、二辛基醚。
特别有利的是辛基十二烷醇、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、二辛基醚、碳酸二辛基酯、椰油甘油酯的混合物,或苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯和异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯的混合物,苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯和丁二醇二辛酸酯/二癸酸酯的混合物,以及苯甲酸C12-15烷基酯、异硬脂酸2-乙基己基酯和异壬酸异十三烷基酯的混合物。
在烃中,液体石蜡、环烷、角鲨烷、角鲨烯、氢化聚异丁烯和聚癸烯有利地用于本发明的上下文中。
油组分还可有利地选自磷脂。磷脂是酰化甘油的磷酸酯。在磷脂酰胆碱类中最重要的例如是具有如下通式结构特征的卵磷脂:
其中R’和R”通常为具有15或17个碳原子和至多4个顺式双键的直链脂族基团。
根据本发明,Merkur白油,得自Merkur Vaseline的Pharma 40,得自Shell&DEA Oil的Shell917、Shell927、ShellOil 4222、Shell933,6301S、2071(Hansen&Rosenthal)可用作对本发明有利的液体石蜡。
合适的化妆学上相容的油和脂肪组分描述在Karl-Heinz Schrader,Grundlagen und Rezepturen der Kosmetika[化妆品基础和配制剂],第二版,Verlag Hüthig,Heidelberg,第319-355页中,该文献全部引入本文作为参考。
本发明的其它实施方案在权利要求书、说明书和实施例中给出。不言而喻本发明主题的上述特征和下文待解释的特征在每种情况下不仅可以所述组合使用而且可以不超出本发明范围的其它组合使用。
本发明通过以下实施例说明。
实施例
测量方法
IR测量使用Nicolet 210仪器进行。
酸值和羟值根据DIN 53240,第2部分测量。
分子量借助凝胶渗透色谱法使用折光计作为检测器测量。所用流动相为二甲基乙酰胺并且用于测量分子量的标准为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。
原料
DBTL:二丁基二月桂酸锡,制造商:Sigma-Aldrich
液体石蜡:Nujol,Fluka AG
实施例1:制备高度支化聚酯
首先将233.2g己二酸(1.6mol)和266.0g(1.33mol)基于已以常规方式用1,2-氧化丙烯单元醚化的三羟甲基丙烷的三醇引入1000ml配备有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、气体入口、此外连接的具有互连冷阱的真空系统和内部温度计的玻璃反应器中。在加入200ppm DBTL之后,将混合物加热到150°C。在此期间,将内部压力降至约10毫巴的最终值,使得所形成的水以可控方式除去。在该温度下进行搅拌5.5小时。酸值为68mg KOH/g。将97g上述三醇(0.8当量/酸基团)加入反应混合物中。将所述反应混合物在约10毫巴的内部压力下再搅拌5小时,然后在该压力下冷却至环境温度。
最终产物得到粘稠的透明液体,其具有以下性质:酸值=26mg KOH/g;羟值=204mg KOH/g;粘度:6800mPas(75°C)。
实施例2-8:用硬脂基异氰酸酯改性高度支化聚酯
首先将来自实施例1的高度支化聚酯引入250ml配备有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、气体入口、内部温度计和包含所需量硬脂基异氰酸酯的滴液漏斗的玻璃反应器中。高度支化聚酯和硬脂基异氰酸酯的用量在下表中给出。
将反应器加热到80°C并在15分钟内滴加异氰酸酯。然后将反应混合物在120°C下再搅拌2小时并且借助IR光谱仪通过异氰酸酯基团消失来监控反应过程(位于2270cm-1处的异氰酸酯谱带消失)。
实施例9:凝胶形成通过将硬脂基改性的高度支化聚酯加入液体石蜡中进行
将不同量(0.5-20重量%)的实施例3-8的聚合物溶解于液体石蜡中。出现可见凝胶形成的浓度在下表中给出:
来自以下实施例的聚合物: | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
NCO/OH比例[%] | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
凝胶形成浓度(%) | 10 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
Claims (15)
1.一种高度支化聚酯,
-其被线性或支化C4-C40烷基或链烯基完全或部分取代,
-其中所述高度支化聚酯可通过使至少一种脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族二羧酸(A2)或其衍生物和任选具有两个OH基团的二价脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族醇(B2),
-与至少一种具有超过两个OH基团的x-价脂族、脂环族、芳脂族或芳族醇(Cx)反应而获得,其中x为大于2的数,
所述反应任选在其它官能化的结构单元E的存在下进行,
-其中选择反应混合物中反应性基团的比例,使得OH基团与羧基或其衍生物的摩尔比为5:1-1:5,
其中取代用式R-CO-Y和/或R-NCO的衍生物进行,
其中
R=线性或支化C4-C40烷基,
Y=OR1、OC(O)R2、NR3 2或卤素,
R1=氢、线性或支化C1-C6烷基,
R2=线性或支化C4-C40烷基,其中R和R2可以相同或不同,
R3=氢、线性或支化C1-C4烷基,其中两个基团R3可以彼此相同或不同。
2.根据权利要求1的取代的高度支化聚酯,其中x为3-8。
3.根据权利要求1的取代的高度支化聚酯,其中x为3-6。
4.根据权利要求1的取代的高度支化聚酯,其中x为3-4。
5.根据权利要求1的取代的高度支化聚酯,其中x为3。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的取代的高度支化聚酯,其中选择反应混合物中反应性基团的比例,使得OH基团与羧基或其衍生物的摩尔比为4:1-1:4。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的取代的高度支化聚酯,其中选择反应混合物中反应性基团的比例,使得OH基团与羧基或其衍生物的摩尔比为3:1-1:3。
8.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的取代的高度支化聚酯,其中选择反应混合物中反应性基团的比例,使得OH基团与羧基或其衍生物的摩尔比为2:1-1:2。
9.一种化妆品组合物,其包含至少一种根据权利要求1-8中任一项的高度支化聚酯。
10.根据权利要求9的化妆品组合物,其包含至少一种适合于化妆学上的载体。
11.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的高度支化聚酯在化妆品和/或皮肤病配制剂中的用途。
12.根据权利要求11的用途,其用于皮肤化妆品配制剂。
13.根据权利要求11的用途,其用作增稠剂。
14.根据权利要求12的用途,其用作增稠剂。
15.根据权利要求11-14中任一项的用途,其用作油增稠剂。
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