CN102639084B - 医用植入装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种医用植入装置包括基底(10),基底(10)具有由凹部(14)而分开的峰部(12)所提供的起伏表面。该装置包括提供在基底的起伏表面上的包括多个颗粒(16)的多孔涂布层。基底表面上的相邻峰部之间的间距小于颗粒的颗粒尺寸。颗粒联结到基底表面上的峰部上且相邻的颗粒联结到彼此上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用植入装置,其具有用于组织向内生长的多孔表面。
背景技术
医用植入装置可通过使组织向内生长到植入物的多孔表面区中而锚定在植入部位。例如,US-3855638公开了一种矫形关节假体构件,其包括具有多孔金属涂层的金属基底,骨组织可生长到该多孔金属涂层中。涂层由金属颗粒提供,这些金属颗粒彼此连结并连结到基底上以限定分布在整个涂层上的多个相连的间隙孔。
EP-A-1997524公开了一种矫形关节假体构件,在其中基底具有由两层金属颗粒所提供的多孔表面区,该两层金属颗粒通过烧结工艺彼此联结并联结到基底表面上。内层包括球形颗粒,而外表面包括非球形颗粒。相比于其表面由球形颗粒所提供的构件而言,非球形颗粒层导致构件表面的粗糙度增大。由非球形颗粒所提供的表面层的多孔性可朝构件表面逐渐地增大,且该层的多孔性在表面处可大于由具有相似尺寸的球形颗粒所形成的层的多孔性。因此,有可能适应较大的骨组织向内生长,这在植入时提供了对构件的更强固定。
US-5443510公开了一种植入物,在其中通过将焊料(bead)烧结到焊接于植入物表面的网格上而产生多孔表面区。这据说减少了在装置的基底表面上于烧结部位处的槽口形成,在该装置中焊料直接地烧结到表面上。网格增大了植入物表面区的厚度。植入物固定的牢固性部分地取决于网格至基底表面的固定。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种植入装置,其具有由凹部而分开的峰部(peak)所提供的起伏表面,其中,联结到起伏表面上的颗粒大于峰部之间的间隙。
因此,一方面,本发明提供了一种医用植入装置,其包括具有起伏表面的基底,该起伏表面由凹部而分开的峰部所提供,其中,该装置包括提供在基底起伏表面上的包括多个颗粒的多孔涂层,其中,在基底表面上的相邻峰部之间的间距小于颗粒的颗粒尺寸,以及其中,颗粒联结到基底表面上的峰部上且相邻的颗粒彼此联结。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种制作医用植入装置的方法,其包括:
a.形成基底,该基底具有由凹部而分开的峰部所提供的起伏表面,
b.将颗粒层施加到基底的所述表面上,其中,基底表面上的相邻峰部之间的间距小于颗粒的颗粒尺寸,以及
c.(i)将颗粒联结到基底表面上的峰部上以及(ii)将相邻的颗粒联结到彼此上。
颗粒和位于它们之间的峰部和凹部的形状应使得颗粒不能配合到凹部中来在凹部底部处接触基底表面。因此,颗粒与基底表面之间的联结形成在与凹部的底部间隔开的峰部上(位于峰部顶部上或位于峰部侧面上)。
本发明的植入物具有的优点在于,由于颗粒联结到基底表面上的峰部上,故减小了槽口产生并经由基底扩散的趋势。在槽口开始在峰部中形成于峰部与颗粒之间界面处的情况下,槽口可经由峰部扩散而远至相邻的凹部。于是,可抑制进一步的扩散,尤其是经由植入物基底主体(bulk)的扩散。
作为优选,颗粒表面和颗粒所联结的峰部顶部或侧面两者都为凸出的。当通过烧结而形成联结时,相比于基本上为平面(没有峰部和凹部阵列)的基底表面,可减小基底表面的变形程度。相信的是,这样减小表面的变形会有助于减少在基底中产生槽口。
本发明的装置认为是通过在基底表面上提供峰部和凹部而提高了抗疲劳破坏能力。
具体而言,本发明的植入物相比于基底不具有本发明的峰部和凹部特征的装置而言具有改善疲劳强度的优点。
作为优选,峰部在基底表面上有规则地间隔开。这会有利于基底的制造。它能有助于确保其尺寸在适合的控制范围内的颗粒接触基底表面上的峰部且不会置入峰部之间的凹部中。
峰部可包括凸脊,其中,各凸脊的长度大于其宽度,且其中,凹部包括位于凸脊之间的凹槽。例如,基底表面可由在其间具有凹槽的多个大致均匀间隔开的凸脊提供。在其间具有凹槽的多个均匀间隔开的凸脊可形成为螺旋状螺纹。
凹部可包括凹槽,其中,至少一些峰部、优选为所有峰部当从表面上方的平面观察时由凹槽所包绕。例如,当从表面上方观察时,峰部至少在峰部顶部处可为圆化的,例如圆形的。峰部可具有多个侧面。例如,峰部可具有至少四个侧面。当凹槽为直的且位于两个相交阵列中时峰部可具有四个侧面,其中,凹槽的两个阵列之间的角为90°时。当第一阵列的凹槽之间的距离等于第二阵列的凹槽之间的距离时,峰部将为正方形的。当凹槽为直的且处于三个相交阵列(例如,阵列中的凹槽之间的角为60°)中时,峰部可具有三个侧面。
作为优选,相邻峰部之间的凹部的底部在截面中观察时为圆化的。这可有助于减小在凹部底部处形成裂缝的趋势。作为优选,圆化的凹部底部部分具有大致恒定的半径。凹部底部的恒定半径部分可延伸经过至少大约45°的弧线的角,优选为至少大约60°、更优选的是至少大约80°,尤其是至少大约100°,例如,至少大约120°或至少大约130°。作为优选,凹部底部的恒定半径部分延伸经过不大于大约175°的弧线的角,例如,不大于大约160°或不大于大约150°。
作为优选,颗粒的横向尺寸(当其为球形时将为它们的直径)与凹部半径之间的关系使得颗粒不能配合到凹部中来在凹部底部处接触基底表面。
作为优选,在截面中观察时峰部为圆化的。这会有助于减小在峰部与其所联结的颗粒之间的界面处产生任何裂缝的趋势。作为优选,圆化的峰部部分具有大致恒定的半径。凹部底部的恒定半径部分可延伸经过至少大约45°的弧线的角,优选为至少大约60°、更优选的是至少大约80°,尤其是至少大约100°,例如,至少大约120°或至少大约130°。作为优选,峰部的恒定半径部分延伸经过不大于大约175°的弧线的角,例如,不大于大约160°或不大于大约150°。
作为优选,限定圆化的凹部底部的半径与限定圆化的相邻峰部的半径之比为至少大约0.7,更优选的是至少大约0.8,尤其是至少大约0.9。作为优选,所述比例不大于大约1.3,更优选的是不大于大约1.2,尤其是不大于大约1.1。
作为优选,圆化的相邻凹部之间的距离与限定凹部底部的半径之比为至少大约2.5,更优选的是至少大约3.5。该比值通常将不大于大约6,优选的是不大于大约5。
作为优选,圆化的相邻峰部之间的距离与限定峰部的半径之比为至少大约2.5,更优选的是至少大约3.5。该比值通常将不大于大约6,优选的是不大于大约5。
作为优选,圆化的两个峰部的高度(从其间的凹部底部测得)与限定峰部的半径之比为至少大约1.0,更优选的是至少大约1.2。作为优选,该比值不大于大约2.0,更优选的是不大于大约1.6,例如不大于大约1.4。
作为优选,峰部半径与联结到峰部上的颗粒的尺寸之比不大于大约0.7,更优选的是不大于大约0.6。作为优选,峰部半径与联结到峰部上的颗粒的尺寸之比为至少大约0.3,更优选的是至少大约0.4。
作为优选,峰部的高度(从其间的圆化的凹部底部测得)与限定凹部的半径之比为至少大约1.0,更优选的是至少大约1.2。作为优选,该比值不大于大约2.0,更优选的是不大于大约1.6,例如不大于大约1.4。
作为优选,联结到基底表面上的峰部上的颗粒具有大致圆化的形状,使得它们不具有任何棱边或角。作为优选,联结到基底表面上的峰部上的颗粒大致为球形,以便在将它们联结到基底上的过程所引起在形状上的任何变化之前,颗粒中的任何一个的表面由大致恒定的半径限定(意思是跨越颗粒测得的最长弦长的变化不大于10%)。
在本发明的装置中使用的颗粒的尺寸可使用网筛测定。施加到基底表面上的颗粒可具有单模式颗粒尺寸分布或多模式(例如,双模式)颗粒尺寸分布。该装置可将其应用于具有第一尺寸分布的第一颗粒层和具有第二尺寸分布的第二颗粒层。
作为优选,联结到基底表面上的峰部上的颗粒的颗粒尺寸为至少大约50μm,更优选的是至少大约80μm,尤其是至少大约120μm,例如至少大约150μm。球形颗粒的尺寸通常将不大于大约400μm,优选的是不大于大约325μm,更优选的是不大于大约275μm,例如不大于大约250μm。通常将存在颗粒尺寸的扩张;通常将优选的是按重量计有至少85%的颗粒满足这些尺寸限制。
作为优选,基底表面上的两个相邻峰部之间的距离为至少大约50μm,更优选的是至少大约80μm,尤其是至少大约120μm,例如至少大约150μm。作为优选,两个相邻峰部之间的距离不大于大约400μm,更优选的是不大于大约320μm,尤其是不大于大约270μm,例如不大于大约240μm。
作为优选,联结到基底表面上的颗粒的尺寸轮廓(profile)使得它们能够以大致密集阵列而填塞在一起。这通过最大限度地减小颗粒尺寸的扩张而得以促进。作为优选,基底表面上的峰部能够配合到联结到其上的颗粒密集阵列中,使得与表面直接接触的颗粒层大致为密集的。
作为优选,联结到基底表面上的峰部上的颗粒的颗粒尺寸与两个最邻近的峰部之间的距离之比为至少大约0.8,更优选的至少大约0.9。作为优选,联结到基底表面上的峰部上的颗粒的颗粒尺寸与两个最邻近的峰部之间的距离之比不大于大约1.2,更优选的是不大于大约1.1,例如大约1.0。
作为优选,该装置包括盖层,该盖层覆盖涂布层且由多个盖层颗粒提供,其中,盖层颗粒联结到涂布层的颗粒上且盖层的相邻颗粒联结到彼此上,且其中,涂布层的颗粒大致为球形而盖层的颗粒为非球形。
非球形颗粒可在形状上为圆化的。作为优选,非球形颗粒的形状为成角的,以便其由角和/或棱边和/或凹部限定。非球形颗粒的尺寸可使用网筛确定,以便所测的颗粒尺寸由颗粒可经由其通过的筛孔的尺寸限定。一层或多层非球形颗粒可施加到为球形的一层或多层颗粒的顶部上。
作为优选,基底表面上的颗粒提供在具有一定总厚度的一层或多层中,其中,总厚度从基底表面上的峰部顶部测得,为至少大约250μm,更优选的是至少大约300μm,尤其是至少大约500μm。该厚度可为至少大约800μm或至少大约1000μm。基底表面上的颗粒层的厚度一般将不大于大约2000μm。
基底表面,至少朝颗粒提供于其上的表面,通常将由金属提供。颗粒通常将由金属形成。通常将优选的是,基底的材料(至少在其表面处)与颗粒的材料大致相同。可用于植入装置的金属包括钛及其合金(举例来说,例如Ti-6Al-4V)、钽及其合金、诸如通常在制造植入装置中所使用的不锈钢,以及钴和铬的合金(可选地是具有其它元素,举例来说,例如钼)。当基底的表面和颗粒两者都由金属提供时,可能优选的是通过烧结工艺而将颗粒联结到基底和彼此上。颗粒可悬浮在水溶液中的浆料中,该水溶液含有有机粘合剂,举例来说,例如甲基纤维素。浆料可保持在模具中,包绕颗粒已施加于其上的基底的表面部分。浆料经加热以除去水。然后,颗粒和基底在惰性气氛或还原气氛中受热以烧尽粘合剂并将颗粒熔合到彼此以及基底上。
一种适合的烧结工艺可涉及:
·确保基底表面清洁和光滑。
·将有机粘合剂的涂层施加到基底表面上。
·将基底浸入金属颗粒流化床中2至3秒,同时搅拌。
·施加过喷涂(或过喷)的粘合剂涂层。
·重复浸入和过喷涂步骤。
·除去任何高点;填充任何低点。
·根据需要而重复涂布、浸入和过喷涂步骤以逐步形成颗粒的足够厚度。
·将所涂布的产品置于烘箱中。
在其中基底由钛形成且颗粒由钛形成的植入装置可在大约1250℃的温度下充分地烧结。装置经受高温的周期长度将取决于基底的质量。该周期对于颗粒而言必须足够长以便牢固地固定到基底上。举例来说,在髋关节假体的髋臼壳构件的情况下,从100分钟至大约300分钟的加热时间通常将是适合的。较长的时间可适于在其中基底具有较大热质量的制品。
用于产生峰部和凹部特征的技术将取决于基底表面上的特征的形状和布置。通常将优选的是特征由机械加工过程形成。呈分开相邻峰部的相对较长凹槽形式的凹部的形成可通过将它们形成为连续的螺旋状螺纹而得以促进。相对较长的凹槽,无论呈离散的圆形特征或是连续的螺旋状螺纹形式,都可使用车床在具有圆形截面的基底表面上产生。峰部和凹部特征可使用诸如蚀刻技术之类的不同技术而形成在具有其它形状且呈其它形式的基底上,例如酸蚀刻或激光蚀刻,或两者的组合。
植入装置中面对骨头的表面可经处理以促进与骨组织发生期望的相互作用,例如用以有助于骨组织向内生长。例如,装置的表面可涂布有羟磷灰石材料。
附图说明
下文通过举例参照附图来描述本发明的实施例,在附图中:
图1为包括联结到基底表面上的颗粒的髋关节假体的股骨构件的侧视图。
图2为图1中所示的股骨构件的表面区的示意性截面视图。
图3为由多个峰部提供其表面的基底的表面的等距视图,该多个峰部由凹槽分开,其中各峰部均由凹槽所包绕。
具体实施方式
图1示出了髋关节假体的股骨构件,其包括可配合到股骨中已准备好的髓内腔中的茎部2,以及可在假体的中空髋臼构件中用关节接合的头部4。茎部具有近端的骺部6和远端部8。茎部由钛形成为常规形状并使用了在制造矫形关节假体中所公知的技术。
茎部4的骺部6包括钛颗粒层,这些钛颗粒已通过烧结工艺而联结到茎部基底的表面上。
尽管图1示出了本发明应用于髋关节假体的股骨构件,但本发明可应用于其它植入构件的面对骨头的表面,在此预期的是骨组织应通过骨组织的向内生长而联结到构件表面上,例如,包括髋关节假体的髋臼构件、膝关节假体的股骨构件、膝关节假体的胫骨构件、肩关节假体的肱骨构件、肩关节假体的关节窝构件、肘关节假体和踝关节假体的构件、例如可用于骨折治疗的诸如销钉、钉子和杆(包括髓内销钉、钉子和杆)和板之类的构件,以及用于植入患者脊柱的诸如杆、板等的构件。
图2示出了茎部基底10,该基底10具有形成在其表面上的螺旋状槽,该表面限定了由槽14而分开的多个峰部12。各峰部的顶部为圆化的,且半径为50μm。各槽的底部为圆化的,且半径为50μm。两个相邻槽之间的间距为200μm。各槽的深度均为80μm。
联结到茎部基底的骺部的表面上的钛颗粒16为球形,且半径为大约100μm。这些颗粒的尺寸形成为以便抵靠峰部12的圆化表面,且使得它们不能配合到峰部12之间的槽14中来接触槽的底部。相继的颗粒层可与抵靠峰部圆化表面的颗粒形成密集阵列。应认识到的是,如图2中所示的颗粒在基底表面上的布置是示意性的。可能的是,基底表面上的峰部可能并不具有联结至其上的颗粒。然而,将会理解的是,颗粒的尺寸和峰部以及它们之间的凹部的形状使得颗粒不能配合到凹部中来在凹部底部处接触基底的表面。
植入装置可具有施加到球形颗粒16的非球形颗粒的盖层,例如,如在EP-A-1997524中所公开。
图3示出了其表面由多个峰部32所提供的基底30。各峰部均由凹槽形式的凹部所包绕。图3中所示实施例中的凹槽的深度围绕峰部的周界而变化。然而,构想出的是,凹槽的深度可围绕峰部为大致恒定的。颗粒可联结到基底30的表面上,以便它们接触一个或多个峰部。适合尺寸的颗粒将抵靠峰部的圆化表面,且使得它们不能配合到峰部之间的凹槽中来接触凹槽的底部。颗粒的尺寸将通常形成为以便它们接触四个峰部的正方形阵列。
Claims (14)
1.一种医用植入装置,其包括具有起伏表面的基底,所述起伏表面由通过凹部而分开的峰部所提供,其中,所述装置包括提供在所述基底的起伏表面上的包括多个颗粒的多孔涂布层,其中,所述基底的表面上的相邻峰部之间的间距小于所述颗粒的颗粒尺寸,以及其中,颗粒联接到所述基底的表面上的峰部上且相邻的颗粒联结到彼此上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述峰部在所述基底的表面上有规则地间隔开。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述峰部包括凸脊,其中,各凸脊的长度均大于其宽度,以及其中,所述凹部包括凹槽。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述凹部包括凹槽,以及其中,所述峰部由所述凹槽包绕。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述基底的表面由金属提供,以及其中,所述颗粒由金属形成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置,其特征在于,所述颗粒通过烧结工艺而联结到所述基底的表面上和彼此上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述颗粒具有大致球形的形状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,相邻峰部之间的所述凹部的底部为圆化的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,圆化的所述凹部的底部部分具有大致恒定的半径。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述峰部为圆化的。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置,其特征在于,圆化的所述峰部的部分具有大致恒定的半径。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于,所述峰部的半径与联结到所述峰部上的所述颗粒的尺寸之比不大于0.7。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括盖层,所述盖层覆盖所述涂布层且由多个盖层颗粒所提供,其中,所述盖层颗粒联结到所述涂布层的颗粒上且所述盖层的相邻颗粒联结到彼此上,以及其中,所述涂布层的颗粒大致为球形且所述盖层的颗粒为非球形。
14.一种制作医用植入装置的方法,其包括:
a. 形成基底,所述基底具有由凹部而分开的峰部所提供的起伏表面,
b. 将颗粒层施加到所述基底的所述表面上,其中,所述基底的表面上的相邻峰部之间的间距小于所述颗粒的颗粒尺寸,以及
c. (i)将颗粒联结到所述基底的表面上的所述峰部上以及(ii)将相邻的颗粒联结到彼此上。
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PCT/EP2010/065786 WO2011048138A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 | 2010-10-20 | A medical implant device |
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- 2010-10-20 US US13/503,052 patent/US8632604B2/en active Active
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- 2010-10-20 EP EP10768485.4A patent/EP2490622B1/en active Active
- 2010-10-20 KR KR1020127012894A patent/KR101736751B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2010-10-20 WO PCT/EP2010/065786 patent/WO2011048138A1/en active Application Filing
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JP5694340B2 (ja) | 2015-04-01 |
AU2010309859A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
KR101736751B1 (ko) | 2017-05-17 |
GB0918484D0 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
CA2778378A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
AU2010309859B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
EP2490622A1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
EP2490622B1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
KR20120098717A (ko) | 2012-09-05 |
IN2012DN03305A (zh) | 2015-10-23 |
ZA201202772B (en) | 2012-12-27 |
CN102639084A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
JP2013508047A (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
WO2011048138A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
US20120253468A1 (en) | 2012-10-04 |
US8632604B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 |
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