CN102608076A - Device and method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls - Google Patents
Device and method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of quality testing of pearls and particularly discloses a device and a method for carrying out detection and gloss classification on pearls. According to the device disclosed by the invention, a differential interference prism is specially arranged on basis of the conventional laser con-focal microscopy. One light beam is separated into two light beams with different polarization directions. Polarized light irradiates to the surface of a sample, so that the polarized light reaches to the differential interference prism through collection of an objective lens after the light is subjected to phase shift. The prism recombines the two vertical light polarized light beams into one light beam, and a phase difference is converted into an amplitude, so that an image with darkness difference is formed. The device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being simple in structure, simple, convenient and rapid for utilization, and high in measurement accuracy. The detecting method has no damages to the sample, so that the three-dimensional feature of the surface of each pearl can be observed firstly with relatively high resolution, and the defect condition and the surface roughness of the surface of each pearl can be obtained.
Description
(1) technical field
The invention belongs to the quality inspection field of pearl, particularly a kind of pearl is detected the apparatus and method with the gloss classification.
(2) background technology
Pearl is a kind of traditional organic jewel, and is with a long history, and inside information is abundant, yet detection of pearl and gloss classification all are the difficult problems of puzzlement jewel evaluation department all the time.Though aspect the detection pearl; China has put into effect national standard: GB/T18781-2008 " pearl classification ", and domestic pearl, Pearl Accessories production and selling are had far reaching significance, but mainly still adopts macroscopic mode to carry out in this standard; There is bigger randomness; Be easy to generate error, therefore, our pearl detects and presses for a kind of effective quantization method at present.
About the ultimate principle and the existing report of application of laser confocal microscope, 1971, it was the lens scanning system of light source that Davidovits etc. have invented with laser, and 1978, Sheppard etc. released the objective table scanister.What laser confocal microscope had developed for many years is more and more ripe, and it is used also more and more widely.Chinese patent file CN1619293A (CN200410100285.2) discloses a kind of scanned-laser microscope, and laser confocal microscope is optimized design, success be applied to biological living, referring to CN1424574A (CN02154529.4).
CN101957312A (CN201010516426.4) improves the cannot-harm-detection device of a kind of pearl real and fake discrimination; Comprise the tungsten halogen lamp light source; The optical fibre light splitting mirror, the spectroscopical mechanical part of fixed fiber can be realized the two-dimensional scan of pearl and becomes margaritaceous inner structure; Both true and false pearl can be differentiated, natural sea-water pearl or freshwater cultured pearl can also be identified.
CN202049112U (CN201120085850.8) discloses a kind of pearl quality pick-up unit; Pearl is placed on the upright microscopical objective table; Laser shines the pearl surface through microscope, and the raman signatures spectrum of its surface reflection is placed in the spectrometer on microscope top and collects, and analyzes through wavelength and peak Distribution to the Raman signal that shows in the spectrometer; Can realize the accurate detection of specific trace element in the pearl, thereby judge pearl quality.
Above-described CN101957312A (CN201010516426.4) is based on spectrophotometric principle; Provide a kind of and differentiated true and false pearl and distinguish the natural sea-water pearl and the device of freshwater cultured pearl, to the pearl two-dimensional scan and become margaritaceous inner structure; CN202049112U (CN201120085850.8) has designed a kind of device that detects specific trace element in the pearl on the basis of Raman scattering principle; These two inventions help the discriminating of pearl, but but are difficult to realize for the detection and the gloss classification of pearl surface topography.
There is very big difficulty in state's inner detection technique for the clear observation of high power and the classification of pearly luster degree of pearl surface topography at present.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to remedy the deficiency of prior art, provide a kind of simple in structure, degree of accuracy is high that pearl is detected and the device and method of gloss classification.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification; Comprise objective table and the opticator that is connected with objective table through mechanical arm; It is characterized in that: the semiconductor laser light source is installed in the said opticator, and semiconductor laser light source one side is provided with beam splitter, and the beam splitter below is provided with differential interference prism and object lens from top to bottom; The beam splitter top is disposed with double needle hole structure and scan detector from lower to upper; The double needle hole structure is made up of parallel stacking about two burnt pinhole arrangement of identical copolymerization, and the burnt pinhole arrangement of each copolymerization all is made up of photomultiplier, pin hole and lens, and pin hole is positioned at the picture planimetric position; Lens are positioned on the light path of beam splitter top, and the laser of beam splitter and the output of semiconductor laser light source and differential interference prism all are 45 degree angles.
The present invention protects a kind of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope that adopts laser; During detection, the pearl sample places on the focal plane of object lens, and described laser is the vertical differential interference prism that gets into after the beam splitter reflection; Shine on the object lens again; Objective lens is aimed at the pearl sample on the objective table, after object lens transmission and the convergence of differential interference prism, vertically gets into double needle hole structure and scan detector by the light of pearl sample reflection.
More excellent scheme of the present invention is:
Said object lens one side is connected with stepper motor; Scan detector is connected with computing machine, and stepper motor can be controlled object lens and on the direction of vertical print platform, move, and can on the different levels of sample surfaces, focus on like this; Stepping successively; So just can be on the acquisition different levels of going forward one by one successively on the scan detector shape appearance figure of sample surfaces, by computing machine the pattern of different levels is integrated again, obtain the three-dimensional image of sample surfaces; On the basis of this three-dimensional image, surfaceness that just can calculation sample.
Said object lens are made up of a plurality of objective lens, can realize the observation of different amplification, and Wavelength matched with semiconductor laser, to avoid aberration.
Said objective table is provided with coarse adjustment knob and fine tuning knob, and coarse adjustment knob and fine tuning knob can make objective table move up and down, and regulates the height of objective table, thereby sample surfaces is focused on People's Armed Police's the focal plane.
The diameter of said pin hole is 25 ~ 50 μ m; The double needle hole structure can make light source, photographed object point and scan detector be in the conjugate position that corresponds to each other; Light source focuses at sample surfaces through object lens and is the spot that face is penetrated restriction; Its reflected light or transmitted light pass through object lens once more at the burnt pin hole planar imaging of copolymerization, have improved microscopical resolution.
The microslide that the bottom surface is smooth, upper surface has semicircle shrinkage pool is set on the said objective table, is used to place pearl.
Said microslide length is that 6 ~ 9cm, width are that 3 ~ 4cm, thickness are 3 ~ 10cm; The diameter of semicircle shrinkage pool is 2 ~ 20mm, and the microslide upper surface is a frosting, and the shrinkage pool spacing is 1 ~ 5mm; With suitable, and well stabilize the pearl sample with the pearl sample diameter that detects.
Of the present invention pearl is detected the method with the gloss classification, mainly comprise the steps:
(1) the pearl sample is put on the semicircle shrinkage pool of microslide, places on the objective table under the objective lens;
(2) open the semiconductor laser light source, laser is the vertical differential interference prism that gets into after the beam splitter reflection, shines on the object lens again; Objective lens is aimed at the pearl sample; Choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power, adjusting knob is positioned on the focal plane of object lens sample surfaces, and light source is focused into the spot of diffraction-limited at sample surfaces through object lens; Its reflected light or transmitted light pass through object lens once more at the burnt vacuum planar imaging of copolymerization, obtain the pattern of sample surfaces from scan detector; Change the object lens of big multiplying power successively, the clear pattern that presents the pearl surface micro is restarted stepper motor on scan detector, in the longitudinal extent interscan, obtains the three-dimensional image of pearl sample;
(3) computing machine through being connected with scan detector; 3 D stereo pattern to gained is analyzed, and the surface has the sample of directed cut through polishing, according to gained 3 D stereo pattern; Distinguish the surfaceness of calculation sample, determine the gloss grade of pearl successively.
The present invention is ad hoc differential interference prism on existing laser confocal microscope basis; A branch of photolysis is become the different two-beam in polarization direction, and polarizing light irradiation is to sample surfaces, after phase shift has taken place light; Reaching on the differential interference prism through converging of object lens; Prism is reassembled into the mutually perpendicular polarized light of two bundles with a branch of light, and phase differential is transformed on the amplitude, thereby forms the image with light and shade difference.
The present invention also partly is set to the double needle hole structure with the burnt pin hole planar imaging of copolymerization; Can make light source, photographed object point and surface sweeping detector be in the conjugate position that corresponds to each other; Light source is focused into the spot of diffraction-limited at sample surfaces through object lens; Its reflected light or transmitted light pass through object lens once more at the burnt pin hole planar imaging of copolymerization, have improved microscopical rate respectively.
The coupling of the present invention is also preferred laser instrument and object lens, the optical wavelength coupling of pinhole diameter light source etc. are to obtain best three-dimensional image.
Present device is simple in structure, and easy to use quick, measuring accuracy is high, and detection method can take the lead in observing the three-dimensional appearance on pearl surface in higher resolution, and obtain its defect situation and surfaceness the sample not damaged.
(4) description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the core structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the external structure synoptic diagram of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the slide configurations synoptic diagram of pearl sample.
Among the figure, 1 semiconductor laser light source, 2 beam splitters, 3 differential interference prisms, 4 object lens, 5 scan detectors, 6 photomultipliers, 7 pin holes, 8 lens, 9 stepper motors, 10 coarse adjustment knobs, 11 fine tuning knobs, 12 objective tables, 13 microslides, 14 shrinkage pools.
(5) embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification; Comprise objective table 12 and the opticator that is connected with objective table 12 through mechanical arm; Semiconductor laser light source 1 is installed in the said opticator, and semiconductor laser light source 1 one sides are provided with beam splitter 2, and beam splitter 2 belows are provided with differential interference prism 3 and object lens 4 from top to bottom; Beam splitter 3 tops are disposed with double needle hole structure and scan detector 5 from lower to upper; The double needle hole structure is made up of parallel stacking about two burnt pinhole arrangement of identical copolymerization, and the burnt pinhole arrangement of each copolymerization all is made up of photomultiplier 6, pin hole 7 and lens 8, and pin hole 7 is positioned at the picture planimetric position; Lens 8 are positioned on the light path of beam splitter 2 tops, and beam splitter 2 all is 45 degree angles with the laser and the differential interference prism 3 of 1 output of semiconductor laser light source; Said object lens 4 one sides are connected with stepper motor 9, and scan detector 5 is connected with computing machine; Said object lens 4 are made up of a plurality of objective lens, and Wavelength matched with semiconductor laser; Said objective table 12 is provided with coarse adjustment knob 10 and fine tuning knob 11; The diameter of said pin hole 7 is 25 ~ 50 μ m; The microslide 13 that the bottom surface is smooth, upper surface has semicircle shrinkage pool 14 is set on the said objective table 12; Said microslide 13 length are that 6 ~ 9cm, width are that 3 ~ 4cm, thickness are 3 ~ 10cm, and the diameter in semicircle recessed 14 holes is 2 ~ 20mm, and microslide 13 upper surfaces are frosting, and shrinkage pool 14 spacings are 1 ~ 5mm.
Utilize above-mentioned device, carry out the method for pearl detection and gloss classification, step is following:
Sample is the pearl of 5 about 10mm of diameter, and circularity is good.Sample is placed on the microslide 13 successively, and places together on the objective table 12 under object lens 4 camera lenses.Open semiconductor laser light source 1; Laser is the vertical differential interference prism 3 that gets into after beam splitter 2 reflections; Shine again on the object lens 4,, choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power first pearl sample of object lens 4 alignment lenses; Regulate coarse adjustment knob, fine tuning knob, sample surfaces is positioned on the focal plane of object lens 4.Light source is focused into the spot of diffraction-limited through object lens 4 at sample surfaces, its reflected light or transmitted light once more through object lens 4 at the burnt pin hole planar imaging of copolymerization, can obtain the pattern of sample surfaces this moment from scan detector 5; Change to the object lens of big multiplying power successively, until seeing the trickleer pattern in pearl surface clearly; Restart stepper motor 9,, obtain the three-dimensional image of first sample in certain longitudinal extent interscan.
Moving stage 12 is changed sample, repeats above-mentioned steps, obtains second three-dimensional image to the 5th sample successively.
The gained three-dimensional image is analyzed, if the surface has directed cut, then interpret sample is through polishing; According to the gained three-dimensional image, the surfaceness of calculation sample marks off the gloss grades of this five pearls.
Embodiment 2:
The device such as the embodiment 1 of pearl detection and gloss classification, the method for pearl detection and gloss classification, step is following:
Sample is 1 pearl about diameter 4.5mm, and circularity is good, but surperficial defectiveness.Sample is placed into microslide 13 center shrinkage pools goes out, and place together under object lens 4 camera lenses.With object lens 4 alignment lens pearl samples, choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power, regulate coarse adjustment fine tuning knob, sample surfaces is positioned on the focal plane of object lens 4, can obtain the pattern of sample surfaces this moment from detector 5; Change to the object lens of big multiplying power successively, until seeing the trickleer pattern in pearl surface clearly; Restart stepper motor 9,, obtain the three-dimensional image of sample in certain longitudinal extent interscan.Observe this three-dimensional image then, obtain the shape and the three-dimensional dimension of defective; At last, according to this three-dimensional image, the surfaceness of calculation sample marks off the gloss grade of pearl.
Embodiment 3:
The device such as the embodiment 1 of pearl detection and gloss classification, the method for pearl detection and gloss classification, step is following:
Sample is the oval pearl about 1 4mm*6mm.Sample is placed microslide 13 center shrinkage pools 14 places, and place together under object lens 4 camera lenses.With object lens 4 alignment lens pearl samples, choose the object lens of minimum multiplying power, regulate coarse adjustment fine tuning knob, sample surfaces is positioned on the focal plane of object lens 4.Can obtain the pattern of sample surfaces this moment from detector 5; Change to the object lens 4 of big multiplying power successively, until seeing the trickleer pattern in pearl surface clearly; Restart stepper motor 9,, obtain the three-dimensional image of sample in certain longitudinal extent interscan; Observe this three-dimensional image then, if the surface has directed cut, then interpret sample is through polishing; At last, according to this three-dimensional image, the surfaceness of calculation sample marks off the gloss grade of pearl.
Embodiment 4:
According to GB18781-2008 " pearl classification " national standard; The pearl classification is the classification (sea water pearls, fresh water pearl) according to pearl; Estimate from color, size, shape, gloss, smooth finish, pearl layer thickness six aspect qualitative factors such as (nucleated pearls) respectively, wherein color, gloss, smooth finish need provide rank with the contrast of national standard sample; Many Pearl Accessories need carry out the oeverall quality factor and the matching rank is confirmed; According to pearl quality factor rank, the pearl that will be used to decorate is divided into jewelry level pearl and technology grade pearl two big grades at last
(1) pearl is identified and classification
The evaluation of pearl need be distinguished natural peral or cultured pearl, and whether aspects such as color pass through artificial treatment, tells sea water pearls and fresh water pearl according to the output waters simultaneously.
(2) qualitative factor level evaluation
Estimate from color, size, shape, gloss, smooth finish, pearl layer thickness six aspect qualitative factors such as (nucleated pearls).
A. color
Color: the body colour of pearl, companion's look and iridescence comprehensive characteristics.
The body colour of pearl is divided into white, redness, yellow, black, reaches other five series.
Pearl has companion's look, like companion's looks such as white, pink, rose-colored, silvery white or greens; Pearl has iridescence, and iridescence is divided into that iridescence is strong, iridescence is obvious, iridescence is general.
B. big or small
Size: the size of simple grain pearl.
Just circle, circle, subcircular pearl are represented with minimum diameter,
Other shape pearls take advantage of minimum dimension to represent with full-size.
C. shape rank
Shape: the formalness of pearl.
Fresh water pearl shape rank:
Circle class: just round A1, circle A2, closely round A3;
Oval type: short oval B1, long oval B2, free of water droplets shape, pyriform;
Oblate type: high shape C1, low shape C2;
Abnormity: D.
Sea water pearls shape rank:
Just round A1, circle A2, closely round A3, ellipse (free of water droplets, pyriform) B, flat C, special-shaped D.
D. gloss rank
Gloss: the readability of pearl surface reflection light intensity and reflection.
Gloss rank: extremely strong A, strong B, middle C, weak D.
E. smooth finish rank
Smooth finish: the pearl surface reaches the smooth of how many decisions by size, the color position of flaw.Clean total degree.
Smooth finish rank: the A that has no time, little free time B, little free time C, flaw D, heavy free time E.
F. pearl layer thickness rank
Pearl layer thickness: from the outer vertical range of pearl nuclear to the pearl surface.
Detection method comprises radiograph method, OCT optical coherence tomography pearl layer thickness detection method and the direct method of measurement at present.
Pearl layer thickness rank:
Special thick A >=0.6mm, thick B >=0.5mm, middle C >=0.4mm, thin D >=0.3mm, E ≤0.3mm as thin as a wafer.
(3) confirm the pearl grade
Press pearl quality factor rank, be used for ornamental pearl and can be divided into jewelry level pearl and technology grade pearl two big grades.
A. the minimum grade requirement of jewelry level pearl quality factor:
The gloss rank: in (C);
Smooth finish rank: the pearl of minimum dimension more than 9mm (containing 9mm): flaw (D);
Pearl layer thickness (nucleated pearl): thin (D).
B. technology grade pearl: what do not reach that jewelry level pearl requires is technology grade pearl.
Claims (8)
1. one kind is detected the device with the gloss classification to pearl; Comprise objective table (12) and the opticator that is connected with objective table (12) through mechanical arm; It is characterized in that: semiconductor laser light source (1) is installed in the said opticator; Semiconductor laser light source (1) one side is provided with beam splitter (2); Beam splitter (2) below is provided with differential interference prism (3) and object lens (4) from top to bottom, and beam splitter (2) top is disposed with double needle hole structure and scan detector (5) from lower to upper, and the double needle hole structure is made up of parallel stacking about two burnt pinhole arrangement of identical copolymerization; The burnt pinhole arrangement of each copolymerization all is made up of photomultiplier (6), pin hole (7) and lens (8); Pin hole (7) is positioned at the picture planimetric position, and lens (8) are positioned on the light path of beam splitter (2) top, and beam splitter (2) all is 45 degree angles with the laser and the differential interference prism (3) of semiconductor laser light source (1) output.
2. according to claim 1 pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification, it is characterized in that: said object lens (4) one sides are connected with stepper motor (9), and scan detector (5) is connected with computing machine.
3. according to claim 1 and 2 pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification, it is characterized in that: said object lens (4) are made up of a plurality of objective lens, and Wavelength matched with semiconductor laser.
4. according to claim 1 and 2 pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification, it is characterized in that: said objective table (12) is provided with coarse adjustment knob (10) and fine tuning knob (11).
5. according to claim 1 and 2 pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification, it is characterized in that: the diameter of said pin hole (7) is 25 ~ 50 μ m.
6. according to claim 1 and 2 pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification, it is characterized in that: the microslide (13) that the bottom surface is smooth, upper surface has semicircle shrinkage pool (14) is set on the said objective table (12).
7. according to claim 6 pearl is detected the device with the gloss classification; It is characterized in that: said microslide (13) length is that 6 ~ 9cm, width are that 3 ~ 4cm, thickness are 3 ~ 10cm; The diameter of semicircle shrinkage pool (14) is 2 ~ 20mm; Microslide (13) upper surface is a frosting, and shrinkage pool (14) spacing is 1 ~ 5mm.
8. according to claim 1 pearl is detected the method with the gloss classification; It is characterized in that: comprise the steps: that mainly (1) is put into the pearl sample on the semicircle shrinkage pool (14) of microslide (13), place on the objective table (12) under object lens (4) camera lens; (2) open semiconductor laser light source (1); Laser is the vertical differential interference prism (3) that gets into after beam splitter (2) reflection; Shine again on the object lens (4),, choose the object lens (4) of minimum multiplying power object lens (4) alignment lens pearl sample; Adjusting knob is positioned on the focal plane of object lens (4) sample surfaces; Light source is focused into the spot of diffraction-limited through object lens (4) at sample surfaces, its reflected light or transmitted light once more through object lens (4) at the burnt vacuum planar imaging of copolymerization, from the pattern of scan detector (5) acquisition sample surfaces; Change the object lens (4) of big multiplying power successively, go up the clear pattern that presents the pearl surface micro, restart stepper motor (9),, obtain the three-dimensional image of pearl sample in the longitudinal extent interscan until scan detector (5); (3) computing machine through being connected with scan detector (5); 3 D stereo pattern to gained is analyzed; The surface has the sample of directed cut through polishing; According to gained 3 D stereo pattern, distinguish the surfaceness of calculation sample, determine the gloss grade of pearl successively.
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