CN102596198A - 包含吲哚化合物的药物组合物 - Google Patents
包含吲哚化合物的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102596198A CN102596198A CN2010800483242A CN201080048324A CN102596198A CN 102596198 A CN102596198 A CN 102596198A CN 2010800483242 A CN2010800483242 A CN 2010800483242A CN 201080048324 A CN201080048324 A CN 201080048324A CN 102596198 A CN102596198 A CN 102596198A
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- alkyl
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- aryl
- alkoxyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种药物组合物,其包含如说明书中定义的式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物,用于预防或治疗与氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、低氧损伤、坏死和/或缺血性再灌注损伤相关的疾病,并涉及一种具有抗氧化效果的包含吲哚化合物的化妆品组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含吲哚化合物的药物组合物,其用于预防或治疗与氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、低氧损伤、坏死和/或缺血性再灌注损伤相关的疾病,以及涉及一种具有抗氧化效果的包含吲哚化合物的化妆品组合物。
背景技术
包括人体的生物体通过呼吸过程得到能量,所吸入的氧气的约2%在代谢过程中转化成活性氧(ROS),称为“氧毒素”。该活性氧指包含自由基(具有未成对电子的原子或分子的一般术语)的氧,通常包括脂质过氧化物、脂质过氧自由基、过氧亚硝酸盐等。已知这样的活性氧不稳定,因此,极易与环境物质反应,而对细胞中带有遗传信息的DNA以及蛋白质或脂质分子造成氧化性伤害,最终对细胞产生致命性伤害。另一方面,在免疫系统中这种细胞如巨噬细胞或嗜中性粒细胞中,活性氧的产生在杀死从外部侵入的病原体中起有用的作用。与上述情况不同,近来,认识到活性氧在细胞内信号转导方面起重要作用的情形,活性氧通常被认为造成对细胞的破坏,因而对生物体有害。因此,为了保护细胞不受到氧毒素伤害,细胞本身含有抗氧化剂(例如维生素C、维生素E、小肽例如谷胱甘肽)和抗氧化物酶(例如过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶[SOD]、谷胱甘肽-依赖性过氧化物酶[GPX]等)。
与活性氧(ROS)或抗氧化物酶有关的疾病或代谢的实例如下:
1.胰岛素-依赖性糖尿病是由于ROS表达异常导致胰腺β-细胞受损发展的。
2.唐氏综合征,已知目前临床关注的受试者是由染色体21异常引起的。在该病例中,SOD(一种抗氧化物酶)表达异常。
3.分析的早衰患者的细胞中的抗氧化物酶(过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽依赖性过氧化物酶)显示出酶活性低。
4.甚至在正常细胞转化为癌细胞的过程中,在施用一些致癌物质和辐射期间,细胞中积极地产生ROS。
5.除了上述之外,已知ROS参与动脉粥样硬化、阿尔茨海默病、缺血性疾病等。
某些自由基、活性氧和过氧化物甚至是在正常细胞代谢期间产生的。然而,细胞本身会使用抗氧化物酶例如SOD、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶等作为防御体系与抗氧化剂例如维生素E、维生素C、谷胱甘肽、泛醌、尿酸等一起保护自身对抗此类有害物质。然而,当这样的防御体系具有异常或产生的活性氧由于多种物理或化学因素而超过防御体系的容量时,则会诱发氧化应激。如果一个人的疾病与体内氧化应激和抗氧化防御体系之间的平衡有关,理论上,通过加入抗氧化物质可以降低氧化性损伤或可以抑制疾病的进一步发展。因此,抗氧化功能性物质例如自由基清除剂或抑制过氧化物产生的物质目前被广泛地用于聚合物、食品、化妆品等领域中。基于近年来发现活性氧涉及与各种疾病相关的生理现象,活性氧也可以用作这些氧化物引起的衰老和各种疾病的抑制剂或治疗药。使用活性氧开发治疗药的兴趣在逐渐增加,这种药物实际上已经在美国作为健康补充剂上市,并持续受到欢迎。
已经证实氧化应激是诱发包括衰老的多种疾病的重要诱发因素。因此,具有除去活性氧的能力的抗氧化功能性物质作为抑制衰老和治疗疾病的药物的可能性得到高度重视。因此,需要开发一种可以具有治疗由氧化应激引起的衰老和多种疾病的功能的新的抗氧化功能性物质。
存在多种抗氧化剂,但是其大多数无法有效被递送到线粒体,因此显示出弱或很低的功效。这就是将抗氧化剂递送至线粒体在治疗上述疾病中非常重要的原因。在使用化合物Mito Q的情况下,有可能通过结合辅酶Q10与靶向线粒体的肽来一起用作治疗药。
另一方面,这样的氧化应激已经报道作为缺血性再灌注损伤的主要机制。缺血性疾病包括切除、器官移植、栓塞、心肌梗塞、中风等。
发明内容
发明要解决的技术课题
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种包含吲哚化合物的药物组合物,其用于预防或治疗与氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、低氧损伤、坏死和/或缺血性再灌注损伤相关的疾病,且提供一种具有抗氧化效果的包含吲哚化合物的化妆品组合物。
解决课题的手段
本发明提供一种用于预防或治疗与氧化应激相关的疾病的药物组合物,其包含作为活性成分的治疗有效量的下式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物、其药学可接受的盐或异构体,和药学可接受的载体。
[式1]
在上式(1)中,每个取代基都在国际专利申请公开WO2009/025477中有明确定义,如下所述:
在式(1)中,
na表示0-3的数字,
Aa表示5元杂芳基或杂环,其各自具有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R1a表示R5a-Xa-Ba-X′a-,
Ba表示直接键,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
Xa和X′a彼此独立地表示直接键,或选自-NR6a-、-CO-、-CONR6a-、-CO2-、-OC(O)-、-S(O)ma-、-O-(CH2)ma-、-(CH2)ma-O-、-(CH2)ma-、-NR6aCO-、-(R6aO)2P(O)-和-NHCO2-,其中ma表示0-3的数字,且R6a表示氢、烷基或环烷基,
R5a表示氢、腈、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基或芳基,或表示3~10元单环或稠合环杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,且任选被氧代或烷基取代,或
R5a和R6a可一起形成4~8元环,
R2a表示-(CR8aR9a)pa-Ya-R7a,
pa表示0-2的数字,
R8a和R9a彼此独立地表示氢或烷基,或可一起形成4~8元环,
Ya表示直接键,或选自-O-、-S-、-NR6a-、-NR6aC(O)-、-CO2-、-C(O)-、-C(O)NR6a-、-S(O)qa-和-S(O)qaNR6a-,其中qa表示0-2的数字,
R7a表示氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、烷基、环烷基或芳基,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、S和O的杂原子,且其任选包含氧代,
R3a表示氢、烷基、-(CH2)qa-环烷基或-(CH2)qa-杂环,
R4a表示-(CH2)pa-Da-R10a,
Da表示直接键,表示任选包含氧代的环烷基,表示芳基,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、S和O的杂原子,
R10a表示氢、卤素、氨基、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烷基羰基、烷基磺酰基或-(CH2)pa-NR8aR9a,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,且所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷基磺酰基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷硫基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基烷氧基和氧代;
[式2]
在式(2)中,
nb表示1-3的数字,
mb表示0或1,
Ab表示直接键,表示苯基,或表示具有1-2个氮原子的6元杂芳基,
Xb表示C或N,条件是当Xb为N时mb为0,当Xb为C时mb为1,
R1b表示氢、烷基、-(CH2)rbNR7bR8b或-(CH2)rbCO2H,其中rb表示1-5的数字,R7b和R8b彼此独立地表示氢、烷基或烷基羰基,或可一起形成任选被烷基取代的亚烷基链,其中一个亚甲基任选被N原子替代,
R2b表示氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烷氧基或三烷基甲硅烷基,表示-(CH2)pbCO2R7b、-(CH2)pbOR7b、-(CH2)pbNR7bR8b、-NHR10b、-N(H)S(O)2R7b、-NHC(O)R10b、-(CH2)pbS(O)2R7b或(CH2)pb-杂环-R10b,其中pb表示0-3的数字,R7b和R8b为如上定义的,R10b表示氢、氧代、烷基磺酰基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、烷氧基、烷基或杂环,
R3b表示氢、氰基、卤素、烷基或苯基,或表示-(CH2)nb-杂环或-(CH2)nb-芳基,其中nb表示0-3的数字,
R4b表示-YbR11b,其中Yb表示直接键或-(CR7bR8b)pbY′b-,其中pb表示0-3的数字,R7b和R8b为如上定义的,Y′b选自-O-、-S-、-NR12b-、-NR12bC(O)-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-、-S(O)qb-和-S(O)qbNR12b-,其中R12b表示氢、烷基、芳基或杂芳基,qb表示0-2的数字,R11b选自氢、氰基、卤素、羟基、巯基、羧基、烷基和-(CH2)tbBb-R13b,其中tb表示0-3的数字,Bb表示杂环、杂芳基或芳基,R13b表示氢、氰基、卤素、羟基、氧代、巯基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基羰基或烷基磺酰基,
R5b表示氢、烷基、环烷基、杂环或杂环基烷基,
R6b表示-(CR7bR8b)pb-Zb-Db-Wb-R14b,其中Zb表示直接键,或选自-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-和-S(O)yb-,yb表示1或2的数字,Db表示直接键,或表示环烷基、杂芳基或杂环,Wb表示直接键,或表示-NR7b-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-、-S(O)yb-、-S(O)ybNR12b-或-NR12bS(O)yb-,其中R14b表示氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、杂环、杂芳基、芳基或芳烷基,
R5b和R6b一起表示亚烷基链,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,且所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、羧基、烷基、烷氧基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷硫基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基烷氧基和氧代;
[式3]
在式(3)中,
Bc表示芳基,或表示4~8元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-2个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R7c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基或烷氧基,
R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、C3-C8-环烷基、杂环基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基-烷基或杂环基-烷基,
R9c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基、烷氧基、烯丙氧基、烷基氨基或芳基氨基,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、C1-C6-烷基氨基、二(C1-C6-烷基)氨基、羧基、C1-C6-烷基、卤代-C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-烷氧基、芳基-C1-C6-烷氧基和氧代。
在上述对式(1)、(2)和(3)的化合物的定义中,术语“烷基”指脂肪族烃基。烷基可以是不包括烯基或炔基部分的饱和烷基,或包括至少一个烯基或炔基部分的不饱和烷基。“烯基”是指包含至少一个碳-碳双键的基团,“炔基”是指包含至少一个碳-碳三键的基团。当烷基单独使用或以组合形式(例如烷氧基)使用时,其可以是支链或直链的。
除非另有定义,烷基可以具有1-20个碳原子。烷基可以是具有1-10个碳原子的中等大小的烷基。否则,烷基可以是具有1-6个碳原子的低级烷基。其典型的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基等。例如,C1-C4-烷基在烷基链中具有1-4个碳原子,选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。
除非另有定义,术语“烷氧基”是指具有1-10个碳原子的烷氧基。
除非另有定义,术语“环烷基”是指饱和脂肪族3~10元环。其典型的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基等。
术语“芳基”包括至少一个具有共价π电子系统的环,例如单环或稠合多环(即,共享相邻碳原子对的环)基团。在本说明书中,除非另有定义,芳基是指芳香族4~10元、优选6~10元的单环或多环,包括苯基、萘基等。
除非另有定义,术语“杂芳基”是指芳香族3~10元、优选4~8元、更优选5~6元环,其具有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,且可以稠合苯环或C3-C8环烷基。单环杂芳基包括但不限于噻唑、噁唑、噻吩、呋喃、吡咯、咪唑、异噁唑、异噻唑、吡唑、三唑、三嗪、噻二唑、四唑、噁二唑、吡啶、哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪等。双环杂芳基包括但不限于吲哚、二氢吲哚、苯并噻吩、苯并呋喃、苯并咪唑、苯并噁唑、苯并异噁唑、苯并噻唑、苯并噻二唑、苯并三唑、喹啉、异喹啉、嘌呤、嘌呤并吡啶等。
除非另有定义,术语“杂环”是指3~10元、优选4~8元、更优选5~6元环,其具有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,可以稠合苯环或C3-C8环烷基,并且是饱和的或包含1或2个双键。杂环包括但不限于吡咯啉、吡咯烷、咪唑啉、咪唑烷、吡唑啉、吡唑烷、吡喃、哌啶、吗啉、硫代吗啉、哌嗪、氢呋喃等。
除非另有定义,在本说明书中其它术语和缩写应当理解为具有技术人员在本领域通常使用的含义。
式(1)或(2)的化合物的优选的实例可以如下举出:
化合物1:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物2:{(S)-2-[5-甲基-7-(四氢吡喃-4-基氨基)-1H-吲哚-2-基]-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基}-乙酸
化合物3:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噁唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物4:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物5:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-苯氧基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物6:4-{2-[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-苯氧基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙基}-哌嗪-2-酮
化合物7:环戊基-(2-{(S)-4-[2-(3-甲基-5,6-二氢-8H-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-7-基)-乙基]-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基}-5-苯氧基-1H-吲哚-7-基)-胺
化合物8:((S)-2-{7-[(四氢吡喃-4-基甲基)-氨基]-1H-吲哚-2-基}-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基)-乙酸
化合物9:(四氢吡喃-4-基)-[2-苯基-5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-胺
化合物10:[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-(四氢吡喃-4-基)甲基-胺
化合物11:[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-二-[(四氢吡喃-4-基)甲基]-胺
化合物12:{4-[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基氨基]-哌啶-1-基}-(四氢吡喃-3-基)甲酮
化合物13:[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-(1-甲磺酰基-哌啶-4-基)-胺
化合物14:((S)-2-{5-甲基-7-[(四氢吡喃-4-基甲基)-氨基]-1H-吲哚-2-基}-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基)-乙酸
上述式(3)的化合物中优选的化合物是下述化合物,其中
Bc表示芳基,或表示5~6元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-2个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R7c表示氢、卤素、腈或烷氧基,
R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、C3-C8-环烷基、杂环基、芳基烷基、环烷基-烷基或杂环基-烷基,
R9c表示氢、卤素、腈、烷氧基、烯丙氧基、烷基氨基或芳基氨基。
更优选地,在式(3)中,Bc表示苯基或吡啶。
更优选地,在式(3)中,R7c表示氢、卤素或烷氧基,最优选地,表示氢。
更优选地,在式(3)中,R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、杂环基、环烷基-烷基、杂环基-烷基或芳基烷基,并且最优选地,表示环戊基或四氢吡喃。
更优选地,在式(3)中,R9c表示氢、卤素或烷氧基,最优选表示氢。
代表性式(3)的化合物包括下述:
环戊基-(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺
(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-胺
环戊基-(2-吡啶-2-基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺
本发明的药物组合物可有效用于预防和治疗由氧化应激引起的疾病。
本发明的药物组合物可有效用于预防和治疗由活性氧(ROS)或活性氮(RNS)介导的氧化应激引起的疾病。
本发明的药物组合物可以抑制缺血性再灌注损伤。
本发明的药物组合物可有效用于预防和治疗由低氧损伤引起的疾病。
本发明的药物组合物可有效用于预防和治疗由坏死性细胞死亡引起的疾病。
本发明的药物组合物可以抑制线粒体功能障碍。
本发明的药物组合物可有效用于预防和治疗由线粒体功能障碍引起的MELAS(线粒体肌病、脑病、乳酸酸酸中毒和中风样发作)、MERRF综合征(肌阵挛性癫痫伴破碎红纤维)或Kearns-Sayre综合征,其都是由线粒体功能障碍引起的。
本发明的药物组合物抑制分泌型HMGB1(高迁移率族蛋白1)的细胞坏死。
此外,本发明的药物组合物可以预防和/或治疗HMGB1介导的疾病,特别是炎症介导的或相关的疾病。这样的疾病包括败血症、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、肝硬化、出血性疾病、各种引起坏死的疾病、病毒或细菌感染等。
本发明预防和/或治疗的疾病包括肝病、心脏病、血管病、退化性脑疾病、由缺血性再灌注损伤引起的疾病、和由病毒或细菌引起的传染病;肝移植、肝脏切除、肝脏栓塞、肝纤维变性、肝硬化、酒精/非酒精性脂肪肝、和由病毒或药物(例如抗癌药、扑热息痛等)引起的肝炎;心脏或心血管疾病,例如心律失常、心脏停搏、心肌梗塞等;退化性脑疾病例如Lou Gehrig疾病、中风、痴呆、帕金森病、亨廷顿舞蹈病等;糖尿病并发症、动脉硬化、心肌梗塞或中风,它们都是由缺血性再灌注损伤引起的;由病毒例如流感、HBV、HCV、HIV等的感染或细菌感染引起的疾病。
在本发明中,所述肝病可以是一种或多种选自下述的疾病:肝移植、肝脏切除、肝脏栓塞、肝纤维变性、肝硬化、酒精/非酒精性脂肪、肝和由病毒或药物(例如抗癌药、扑热息痛等)引起的肝炎。
在本发明中,心脏或心血管疾病可以是一种或多种选自下述的疾病:心律失常、心脏停搏、心肌梗塞、心力衰竭和心绞痛。
本发明的药物组合物可有效用于预防和治疗肝病、心脏或心血管疾病,其都是由缺血性再灌注损伤引起的,其中缺血性再灌注损伤可以由线粒体功能障碍、低氧损伤和/或坏死性细胞死亡引起。
本发明的药物组合物可有效用于预防和治疗一种或多种选自下述的疾病:糖尿病并发症、动脉硬化和中风,其都是由缺血性再灌注损伤引起的。
合成本发明的式(1)或(2)的化合物的具体实施方案分别公开在WO 2009/025477和WO 2009/025478中。
本发明还提供式(3)的化合物及其制备方法。下文中,为了便于理解本发明,将基于示例性的反应方案阐述式(3)的化合物的制备方法。然而,应当理解,本领域普通技术人员可以根据式(3)的结构,利用多种方法制备式(3)的化合物,且这样的制备方法也落入本发明的范围之内。换句话说,应当理解,式(3)的化合物可以通过本文描述的或现有技术公开的各种合成方法的任意组合来制备,且这样的方法也落入本发明的范围之内。式(3)的化合物的制备方法不限于如下所述的方法。
首先,根据下述反应方案1显示的方法,式(3)的化合物可以如下合成:还原式(4)的化合物的硝基,得到式(5)的氨基化合物,再用式(6)的化合物在所形成的氨基上进行还原性氨基化(RA)反应,由此合成式(3)的化合物。
反应方案1
其中
Bc、R7c、R8c和R9c为在式(3)中定义的;
R10c表示烷基、环烷基、杂环基、杂芳基或芳基;
R11c表示氢或烷基;或
R10c和R11c可以环化形成环烷基或杂环。
可以通过还原式(4)的化合物来制备式(5)的化合物。还原反应可以在氢气的存在下,使用酸催化剂和金属或使用金属催化剂进行。
可用于涉及使用酸催化剂和金属的还原反应的酸的实例包括无机酸,例如盐酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸;有机碳酸,例如乙酸和三氟乙酸,和氨基酸的盐,例如氯化铵。优选的酸为盐酸、乙酸、氯化铵等。相对于1当量的式(4)的化合物,酸的使用量通常为0.01-10当量,优选0.1-5当量。可以使用的金属的实例包括铁、锌、锂、钠和锡(通常为氯化锡)。优选的金属为铁、锌、氯化锡等。相对于1当量的式(4)的化合物,金属的使用量通常为1-20当量,优选1-10当量。在酸催化剂的存在下的金属反应可以在惰性溶剂中进行。惰性溶剂的实例包括烷基醇,例如甲醇和乙醇;醚,例如四氢呋喃和乙醚,和烷基酯,例如乙酸乙酯优选的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃和乙酸乙酯等。反应温度通常为-10℃至200℃,优选25℃至120℃。反应时间通常为10分钟至60小时,优选10分钟至12小时。
可用于涉及在氢气的存在下使用金属催化剂的还原反应的金属催化剂的实例包括钯、镍、铂、钌、铑等。优选的金属催化剂为钯、镍等。相对于1当量的式(2)的化合物,金属催化剂的使用量通常为0.001-2当量,优选0.01-1当量。氢气的压力通常为1-10atm,优选1-3atm。反应可以在惰性溶剂中进行,例如烷基醇,例如甲醇和乙醇;醚,例如四氢呋喃和乙醚,和乙酸烷基酯,例如乙酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯。优选的溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯等。在涉及使用金属催化剂的还原反应中,反应温度通常为-10℃至200℃,优选25℃至50℃。反应时间通常为10分钟至60小时,优选10分钟至12小时。
式(6)的化合物为市售可获得的,且可以通过式(5)化合物的氨基的还原性氨基化反应制备。
还原性氨基化反应可以通过醛或酮与还原剂的反应来进行,如有必要,使用酸催化剂。相对于1当量的式(5)的化合物,醛或酮的使用量通常为1-10当量,优选1-3当量。可以使用的还原剂的实例包括硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠(NaBH3CN)和三乙酰氧基-硼氢化钠{NaBH(OAc)3}。相对于1当量的式(5)的化合物,还原剂的使用量通常为1-10当量,优选1-3当量。可以使用的酸催化剂的实例包括无机酸,例如盐酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸;有机碳酸,例如乙酸和三氟乙酸,和氨基酸的盐,例如氯化铵。优选的酸为盐酸、乙酸等。相对于1当量的式(5)的化合物,酸的使用量通常为0.1-10当量,优选1-5当量。反应可以在惰性溶剂中进行,例如醚,例如四氢呋喃和乙醚,和氯烷烃,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿和二氯乙烷,优选二氯乙烷、氯仿等。反应温度通常-10℃至100℃,优选-10℃至50℃。反应时间通常为10分钟至60小时,优选10分钟至12小时。
式(4)的化合物可以通过式(7)的醛化合物与式(8)的化合物的连接反应和环化反应来制备,如下述反应方案2所示。
反应方案2
其中Bc、R7c和R9c如在式(3)中定义的。
首先,将市售的醛例如式(7)的化合物和市售的二氨基化合物例如式(8)的化合物加热搅拌,形成环化。然后,在酸催化剂的存在下加热,可得到式(4)的化合物。可以使用的酸催化剂的实例包括无机酸,例如盐酸、硫酸、硝酸和磷酸;有机碳酸,例如乙酸和三氟乙酸,和氨基酸的盐,例如氯化铵。优选的酸催化剂为盐酸、乙酸等。相对于1当量的式(5)的化合物,酸的使用量通常为0.1-10当量,优选1-5当量。根据情况,反应可以使用有机酸(例如乙酸)作为溶剂来进行。
在本说明书中,“药学可接受的盐”包括含有药学可接受的阴离子的无毒的酸加成盐,例如与无机酸例如硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、磷酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸等形成的盐;与有机酸例如酒石酸、甲酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、三氯乙酸、三氟乙酸、葡糖酸、苯甲酸、乳酸、富马酸、马来酸、水杨酸等形成的盐;或者与磺酸例如甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸等形成的盐。式(I)的化合物也可以形成药学可接受的碱加成盐,例如,与碱金属或碱土金属例如锂、钠、钾、钙、镁等形成的盐;与氨基酸例如赖氨酸、精氨酸、胍等形成的盐;或者与二环己胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、三(羟甲基)甲胺、二乙醇胺、胆碱、三乙胺等形成的有机盐。本发明的式(1)、(2)和(3)的化合物可以根据任何常规方法转变成其盐,并且所述盐的形成可以容易地由本领域技术人员基于结构式(1)、(2)和(3)进行,而对此不需另外的解释。
在本说明书中,术语“异构体”是指具有与式(1)的化合物或其盐相同的化学式或分子式,但是光学或立体上不同的那些。本发明的式(1)、(2)和(3)的化合物可以在结构上具有不对称碳中心,因此,可以以光学异构体(R或S异构体)、外消旋物、非对映异构体的混合物或单个的非对映异构体等的形式存在。当所述化合物具有双键时,它们可以以几何异构体(反式或顺式异构体)的形式存在。本发明还涵盖所有的异构体及其混合物。
下文中,除非另有说明,式(1)、(2)和(3)的化合物包括药学可接受的盐及其异构体。应当解释为本发明涵盖盐和异构体。为了方便起见,本说明书中将其简称为式(1)的化合物。
如果需要,上述的“药物组合物”可以包括与本发明的化合物一起的药学可接受的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂或其组合。药物组合物有利于将化合物给药到活生物体。有许多技术给药,包括但不限于口服、注射、气雾剂、肠胃外和局部给药。
如本文使用的“载体”是指促进化合物进入细胞或组织的物质。例如,二甲亚砜(DMSO)是一种典型的载体,其用于各种有机化合物进入活生物体的细胞或组织中。
如本文使用的“稀释剂”定义为在水中稀释以溶解化合物、并稳定目标化合物的生物学活性形式的物质。本领域使用溶于缓冲溶液中的盐作为稀释剂。通常使用的缓冲溶液为模拟人体液的盐形式的磷酸盐缓冲液。缓冲稀释剂几乎不会改变化合物的生物学活性,因为缓冲盐能以低浓度控制溶液的pH。
如本文使用的“药学可接受的”是指不会损害化合物的生物学活性和物理性质的性质。
本发明的化合物可以根据所期望的目的配制成各种药物剂型。为了制备本发明的药物组合物,将活性成分,特别是式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物、其药学可接受的盐或异构体与根据待制备的剂型所选择的各种药学可接受的载体混合在一起。例如,本发明的药物组合物可以根据期望的目的配制成注射制剂、口服制剂等。
本发明的化合物可以利用本领域已知的药物载体和赋形剂,通过本领域已知的方法配制,并装入单位剂量形式或多剂量形式的容器中。制剂形式可以为在油性或水性介质中的溶液、混悬剂或乳剂,且包含典型的分散剂、助悬剂或稳定剂。另外,例如,其可以为干粉形式,旨在临用前溶于无菌、无热原的水中重构。本发明的化合物也可以利用典型的栓剂基质例如可可脂或其它甘油酯配制成栓剂。对于口服给药的固体剂型,可以制备胶囊、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂,胶囊和片剂是特别有用的。优选将片剂和丸剂制备成肠溶衣的形式。固体剂型可以通过将本发明的化合物与载体混合在一起来制备,所述载体例如为:一种或多种惰性稀释剂例如蔗糖、乳糖、淀粉等,润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁,崩解剂,粘合剂等。
本发明还提供一种具有抗氧化效果的化妆品组合物,其包含作为活性成分的上述式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物、其药学可接受的盐或异构体,和可接受的载体。
发明效果
本发明的药物组合物具有优良的抗氧化活性,因此可有效地预防或治疗与氧化应激相关的多种疾病。
另外,本发明的药物组合物可以通过抑制心肌细胞中的线粒体功能障碍、低氧损伤、坏死和缺血性再灌注损伤而有效地预防或治疗心脏或心血管疾病。另外,其可以在再灌注治疗(例如手术治疗,包括冠状动脉旁路移植术或经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术,和使用溶栓剂的药物治疗等)中用作心脏保护剂。
附图说明
图1为使用DHR123探针显示(四氢吡喃-4-基)-[2-苯基-5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-胺(化合物9)在细胞中的抗氧化效果的照片。
图2为使用MitoSOX红色探针显示化合物9在细胞中的抗氧化效果的照片。
图3为比较化合物9处理组与未处理组的肝左叶的照片。
图4为表示当用化合物9处理或未处理时在缺血性再灌注损伤后的ALT和AST值的图。
图5为显示给药13mg/kg的化合物9的组与未给药化合物9的组之间的组织染色的照片(IR:缺血性再灌注损伤)。
图6为基于显微镜观察显示化合物9处理组与未处理组之间的比较结果的图(肝细胞退化、窦状小管(sinusoidal)充血和炎症细胞浸润)。
图7为显示给药13mg/kg的化合物9的组与缺血性再灌注损伤对照组之间的MGB1水平的比较的图。
图8为显示化合物9处理组和未处理组之间的在缺血性再灌注损伤后线粒体复合物I的活性的比较的图。
图9为表示化合物9处理后的HMGB1释放的图。
图10为表示用化合物9处理后由化合物9引起的ATP的含量的变化的图。
图11为用FDA/PI双染的H9C2细胞的荧光显微镜照片,以显示化合物9抗坏死性细胞死亡的保护效果。
图12为表示直接细胞计数以显示化合物9抗坏死性细胞死亡的保护效果的图。
图13为表示FACS分析结果的图,以显示化合物9抗坏死性细胞死亡的保护效果。
图14为显示化合物9对线粒体肿胀的抑制效果的图。
图15为显示化合物9的线粒体保护效果的荧光显微镜照片。
图16为显示化合物9在缺血性再灌注损伤模型中对左心室肿胀的抑制效果的图。
图17为显示化合物9在缺血性再灌注损伤后对左心室部分缩短的抑制效果的图。
图18为利用MT(Masson三色)染色法显示心脏纤维化以比较化合物9与环胞素A的图。
图19为显示试验例2中肝脏手术过程的照片。
具体实施方案
下文中,参照下述实施例更详细地描述本发明,但是本发明的范围不应当解释为以任何方式限定于此。
实施例1:环戊基-(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺的制备
步骤A:4-硝基-2-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑
向3-硝基-苯-1,2-二胺1.0g(6.5mmol)在甲醇(10mL)中的溶液中加入苯甲醛0.69g(6.7mmol),在80℃下搅拌2天。反应完成后,真空除去溶剂,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物,得到标题化合物1.1g(收率:70%)。
1H-NMR(500HMz,DMSO);δ8.68(s,1H),7.43~7.31(m,5H),7.18(s,1H),6.95(d,1H),6.44(s,1H),6.36(t,1H),6.29(d,1H)
步骤B:7-硝基-2-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑
将步骤A中得到的4-硝基-2-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑1.1g(4.6mmol)溶于乙酸(10mL)中,在80℃下搅拌3小时。反应完成后,加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取,再用1N氢氧化钠洗涤。用无水硫酸镁干燥,然后将滤液在真空中蒸馏,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物,得到标题化合物0.91g(收率:83%)。
1H-NMR(400HMz,DMSO);δ13.3(br s,1H),8.37(d,2),8.15(d,2H),7.65~7.56(m,3H),7.46(t,1H)
步骤C:2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基胺
将步骤B中得到的7-硝基-2-苯基-1H-苯并咪唑0.137g(0.57mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(5mL)、甲醇(5mL)和水(5mL)中。向该溶液中加入铁粉0.40g(7.2mmol)和氯化铵0.39g(7.2mmol),在60℃下搅拌1小时。反应完成后,加入水,用乙酸乙酯萃取。用无水硫酸镁干燥,然后将滤液在真空中蒸馏,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物,得到标题化合物0.12g(收率:79%)。
1H-NMR(500HMz,DMSO);δ12.5(s,1H),8.10(d,2H),7.55~7.45(m,3H),6.87(t,1H),6.67(d,1H),6.32(d,1H),5.21(s,2H)
步骤D:环戊基-(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺
将步骤C中得到的2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基胺0.040g(0.19mmol)溶于二氯乙烷(5mL)中。向该溶液中加入乙酸0.012mg(0.19mmol)、环戊酮0.048g(0.57mmol)和三乙酰氧基-硼氢化钠0.049mg(0.23mmol),在室温下搅拌18小时。反应完成后,加入水,用二氯甲烷萃取,再用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤。用无水硫酸镁干燥,然后将滤液在真空中蒸馏,通过柱色谱法纯化残余物,得到标题化合物0.026mg(收率:49%)。
1H-NMR(40HMz,CDC13);δ9.36(br s,1H),8.02(m,2H),7.56~7.45(m,3H),7.17(t,1H),6.83(d,1H),6.47(d,1H)5.06(br s,1H),4.02(m,1H),2.13(m,2H),1.82(m,2H),1.69(m,4H)
实施例2:(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-(四氢呋喃-4-基)-胺的
制备
使用实施例1的步骤C中得到的2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基胺0.040g(0.19mmol)和四氢呋喃-4-甲醛0.026g(0.23mmol),根据与实施例1的步骤D中描述的相同方法制备标题化合物0.030mg(收率:51%)。
1H-NMR(40HMz,CDCl3);δ8.02(m,2H),7.56~7.45(m,3H),7.17(t,1H),6.85(d,1H),6.44(d,1H)4.05(dd,1H),3.45(td,2H),3.27(d,2H),2.02(m,1H),1.85(m,2H),1.45(m,2H)
实施例3:环戊基-(2-苯基-2-基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺
使用2-羧基醛、3-硝基-苯-1,2-二胺和环戊酮,根据与实施例1中描述的相同方法制备标题化合物。
1H-NMR(40HMz,CDC13);δ1.64(m,6H),2.10(m,2H),4.14(s,1H),6.38~6.34(d,1H),6.69~6.71(d,1H),7.09~7.13(t,1H),7.25~7.26(m,1H),7.75~7.79(m,1H),8.40~8.41(d,1H),8.54~8.55(m,1H)
通过下述试验例具体阐述本发明的效果。在试验例中使用的化合物如下。
化合物1:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物2:{(S)-2-[5-甲基-7-(四氢吡喃-4-基氨基)-1H-吲哚-2-基]-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基}-乙酸
化合物3:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-甲基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噁唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物4:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物5:[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-苯氧基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙酸
化合物6:4-{2-[(S)-2-(7-环戊基氨基-5-苯氧基-1H-吲哚-2-基)-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基]-乙基}-哌嗪-2-酮
化合物7:环戊基-(2-{(S)-4-[2-(3-甲基-5,6-二氢-8H-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-7-基)-乙基]-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基}-5-苯氧基-1H-吲哚-7-基)-胺
化合物8:((S)-2-{7-[(四氢吡喃-4-基甲基)-氨基]-1H-吲哚-2-基}-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基)-乙酸
化合物9:(四氢吡喃-4-基)-[2-苯基-5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-胺
化合物10:[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-(四氢吡喃-4-基)甲基-胺
化合物11:[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-二-[(四氢吡喃-4-基)甲基]-胺
化合物12:{4-[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基氨基]-哌啶-1-基}-(四氢吡喃-3-基)甲酮
化合物13:[5-(1,1-二氧代-硫代吗啉-4-基)甲基-2-苯基-1H-吲哚-7-基]-(1-甲磺酰基-哌啶-4-基)-胺
化合物14:((S)-2-{5-甲基-7-[(四氢吡喃-4-基甲基)-氨基]-1H-吲哚-2-基}-4,5-二氢-噻唑-4-基)-乙酸
实施例1:环戊基-(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺
实施例2:(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-胺
试验例1:坏死抑制剂的抗氧化效果
为了测定各化合物的抗氧化效果,进行下述试验:测定总抗氧化效果的DPPH方法、利用二氢罗丹明123测定抗氧化效果的方法、使用引起细胞氧化应激的tBOOH测定坏死抑制的方法、测定清除ONOO-(过氧亚硝酸盐)能力的方法、和测定对H2O2(过氧化氢)和tBOOH的抗氧化效果的直接方法。
试验例1-1:使用DPPH测定抗氧化效果
DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基)是一种稳定的自由基,呈紫色。使用化合物还原DPPH时DPPH的颜色转变为黄色的原理来测定化合物的抗氧化效果。DPPH在517nm处显示强吸光度,当DPPH被还原时,颜色转变为黄色,在517nm处的吸光度下降。本文中,术语“IC50”是指使517nm的吸光度降低至原始值的50%时的化合物的浓度。
将180μl的DPPH溶液(在DMSO中200μM)分配到96孔板的各孔中,向其中加入20μl自2,000μM系列稀释2倍的化合物。然后,将它们混合均匀,在室温下维持30分钟。在30分钟后,采用spectraMAX ELISA读数器测定在517nm的O.D.值。将结果列于下表1中。
[表1]
试验例1-2:使用二氢罗丹明123测定抗氧化效果
二氢罗丹明123本身无荧光,但是当被ROS(活性氧)或RNS(活性氮)氧化时,会转化成荧光罗丹明123。使用这样的性质来测定化合物在细胞内或体外的抗氧化效果。将H9C2细胞分配到96孔板的各孔中(1.5×104个细胞/100μl/孔)。第二天,用从最高浓度连续稀释3倍的各化合物预处理细胞1小时,然后在37℃的恒温箱中,用10μl的DHR12312.5μM储备液(终浓度:1.25μM)处理30分钟。接着,立即用400μM的tBOOH处理细胞,并培养2小时。然后,在480nm激发荧光,并采用spectraMAX Gemini微板读数器测量在538nm处发出的荧光。此处,术语“IC25”是指将在tBOOH处理后2小时的荧光定义为100%时,引起该值25%抑制的化合物的浓度,所述荧光是由于氧化应激增加造成DHR123氧化而发出的。将结果列于表2中。另外,为了检查化合物是否对细胞真正地具有抗氧化效果。在上述试验后,用4%甲醛固定96孔板中的细胞,再用PBS洗涤3次。然后,向96孔板的各孔中加入100μl的PBS,通过免疫荧光显微镜检查(荧光显微镜:Olympus)测定各细胞中的荧光(因为细胞中的DHR123,发射的荧光与氧化成正比)。结果示于图1中。另外,采用MitoSOX红色探针(终浓度:5μM),按照上述方法测定超氧化物生成的抑制。
[表2]使用DHR 123的抗氧化效果的结果
化合物编号 | IC25(μM) |
化合物9 | 0.10 |
化合物12 | 0.24 |
化合物13 | <0.1 |
试验例1-3:对由tBOOH诱导的氧化应激的细胞保护作用
已知叔丁基过氧化氢(tBOOH)通过在各种细胞中引起氧化应激而诱导细胞坏死。因此,通过用tBOOH处理H9C2细胞来测定抗氧化效果对细胞坏死的抑制。将H9C2细胞分配到96孔板的各孔中(1.5×104个细胞/100μl/孔)。第2天,用各化合物预处理细胞,然后用tBOOH(终浓度:400μM)处理2小时。向每孔中加入50μl的甲醛,固定细胞。将细胞固定30分钟,再用蒸馏水洗涤3次。然后,在50℃烘箱中充分干燥平板,向其中加入SRB溶液,染色剩余的蛋白质。用1%乙酸洗涤平板,并干燥。然后,将100μl的Tris溶液(10mM)加入到平板中以再溶解染料,用spectraMAX ELISA读数器,通过在590nm和650nm测量O.D.值来计算IC50。此处,术语“IC50”是指保护50%的细胞免于受到由tBOOH处理诱导的坏死时的化合物的浓度。将结果列于下表3中。
[表3]抗tBOOH的细胞保护效果
化合物编号 | IC50(μM) |
化合物2 | 6.5 |
化合物6 | 0.13 |
化合物9 | <0.2 |
化合物13 | <0.2 |
化合物14 | 0.72 |
实施例1 | 0.6 |
实施例2 | 2 |
试验例1-4:使用二氢罗丹明123测定对ONOO
-
(过氧亚硝酸根)的
清除能力
已知ONOO-(过氧亚硝酸根)是RNS的一种,在氧化应激中起重要作用。因此,评价坏死抑制剂清除ONOO-的能力非常重要。众所周知,DHR123探针会被ONOO-氧化。从而利用这样的性质测定各化合物的清除能力。
将10μl的各化合物(从50μM连续稀释3倍)分配到96孔板的每个孔中,然后,向每孔中加入170μl的试验混合物(10μM的DHR123、1×PBS、100μM的不含ONOO-的DPTA)。最后,加入20μl的ONOO-溶液(终浓度:1μM)引发反应。此处,术语“IC50”是指通过ONOO-的DHR123的氧化抑制达50%时的化合物的浓度。
将化合物的ONOO-清除能力的构效关系(SAR)结果列于表4中。
[表4]化合物的ONOO-清除能力
试验例1-5:对H
2
O
2
和tBOOH的直接抗氧化效果
为了获知具有吲哚结构的坏死抑制剂的抗氧化效果,评价对特异性ROS、H2O2(过氧化氢)和tBOOH的直接抗氧化效果。
将10μl的DHR123探针(终浓度:1.25μM)加入到10μl的各化合物(用100μl的DMEM完全培养基稀释)中。以下表5中所示的浓度加入H2O2和tBOOH,2小时后,用spectraMax gemini测定在波长(480nm(激发)/538nm(发射))下的荧光。此处,术语“IC25”是指当用H2O2或tBOOH引起的DHR123的氧化为100%时,化合物使荧光发射量降低25%时的化合物的浓度。
[表5]对H
2
O
2
和tBOOH的直接抗氧化效果
试验例2:在比格狗中化合物9抗缺血/再灌注引起的肝损伤的保
护效果
试验设计:
选择27只健康的比格狗(体重:8.5~11.5kg)进行试验。该试验是在Asan医院伦理委员会许可后进行的。为了将肝中的糖原蓄积降至最低,将狗在手术前禁食24小时,并去毛。将狗随机分成对照组(n=9)、B组(n=6)、C组(n=6)和D组(n=6)。进行气管插管术,再用zoletil和2.5%安氟醚麻醉狗。根据委员会批准的程序,分别使用头孢唑啉和酮咯酸作为抗生素和止痛剂。
手术过程:
让狗躺在手术台上,任一侧置于保温毯和暖水瓶,通过一个开口,将21号IV导管插入左侧颈外静脉和右侧长隐静脉。切开右内颈动脉,插入导管,以便在手术期间观察血液动力学。在完成静脉内过程后,通过吸入2.5%安氟醚保持麻醉。按照15ml/kg/hr的输注速率给予晶体溶液。
分别经由IV导管对B、C和D组给予13mg/k g、4.5mg/kg和1.5mg/kg的药物,20分钟后,封闭左侧肝脏入口。同时提供药物剂量和输注,使Cmax12.5mg/mL(20分钟时)为Css5mg/mL。在手术期间,对所有的狗,每15分钟监测血压、心率、呼吸速度和动脉血氧饱和度。以倒T切割进行手术。在剥离小网膜后,分离出肝十二指肠韧带。固定胆囊和第4片肝叶,沿着门结构轻轻地搜寻上方结构。图19a显示沿着Cantlie线分割的肝右叶和肝左叶。图19b显示传统的门结构。在人体中,右蒂形成总肝体积的60-70%。封闭肝脏入口90分钟,以诱发缺血性损伤,并打开夹钳,以诱发再灌注损伤60分钟(图19c)。因此,该模型是一种使用90分钟缺血性损伤和60分钟再灌注损伤的系统。在手术后,缝合腹腔和皮肤。
采血和活组织检查:
以预定间隔进行采血和活组织检查,包括全血计数(FBE;Hb、WCC、HCT、Plt、MCR、MCH和MCHC)、肝功能试验(LFT;AST、ALT、LDH和总胆红素)、尿素和电解质(U&E;BUN和肌酸)、肝活组织检查(组织病理学和H&E染色)和HMGB1测定。使用光学显微照片和电子显微照片研究肝细胞的形状。手术后,将比格狗保持在保温和干净的环境中,并连续给予止痛剂和供应流质高蛋白质食物。48小时后,根据程序将它们处死。结果示于图3、4和5。
IR损伤后的组织学分析:
将肝活组织检查样品固定并脱水,然后包埋在石蜡中。将石蜡块切成4μm厚度,利用Mayers苏木素-伊红方法染色,再用光学显微镜研究。将每个样品随机地分布,并通过盲法程序分析。研究肝细胞的退化和坏死、窦状小管和门静脉充血、及炎症细胞浸润。根据报道的方法(Hafez T等人,Journal of Surgical Research 2007;138:88-99),对组织学分析结果进行分等级定量:(0(0%,无)、1(1-25%,轻度)、2(26-50%,中度)或3(51-100%,显著的)。结果示于图6中。
HMGB1测定:
根据制造商的说明,使用HMGB1 ELISA测试试剂盒,测量HMGB1。结果示于图7中。
线粒体复合物I的活性测定:
用冰冷的缓冲液A(320mm蔗糖,1mM EDTA,10mM Tris(pH 7.5))洗涤肝组织2次。将其切成小片,在玻璃-特氟隆均质器中,每1g小片使用4mL AT缓冲液(75mM蔗糖、225mM甘露醇、1mM EGTA和0.01%BSA,pH 7.4)均质化。将匀浆液在4℃下以1000g离心分离5分钟,再将得到的上清液以13,000g离心2次。使用富含线粒体的块状物测定线粒体复合物I的活性。在癸基泛醌的存在下,在340nm下,通过NADH的鱼藤酮-敏感性还原,监测复合物I的活性(NADH:CoQ氧化还原酶)。结果示于图8。
试验例3:化合物9对tBOOH处理后HMGB1释放的预防功效
众所周知,当发生细胞坏死时释放HMGB1。因此,在用引起氧化应激的400μM的tBOOH进行处理后,测试化合物9对HMGB1释放的预防效果。
将H9C2细胞以1.5×104个细胞/100μl/孔进行分配。第2天,用浓度10μM的化合物9处理30分钟。在用tBOOH(终浓度:400μM)处理后,采用HMGB1 ELISA,由50μl上清液测定HMGB1随时间变化的水平。结果示于图9。
试验例4:在tBOOH处理后总ATP含量的变化的观察结果
在坏死过程中,细胞显示出ATP含量下降。维持ATP含量对细胞存活非常重要。因此,在用tBOOH处理后,观察ATP含量的变化。
将H9C2细胞以1.5×104个细胞/100μl/孔进行分配。第2天,用浓度10μM的化合物9处理30分钟。在用tBOOH(终浓度:400μM)处理后,用ATP监测试剂盒(PerkinElmer Life Sciences)测量细胞中残留的ATP的含量。结果示于图10。
试验例5:在体外缺血性再灌注损伤后化合物9对细胞坏死的保
护效果
为了测量在缺血性再灌注损伤后化合物9对H9C2细胞坏死的保护效果,进行下述试验:FDA/PI双染色、细胞计数、FACS试验和线粒体肿胀测定。
细胞培养和低氧损伤条件:将H9C2细胞培养在包含FBS和抗生素的DMEM培养基中。当80-90%的细胞汇合时,开始进行试验。在试验前24小时,将H9C2细胞接种到35mm烧瓶和150mm烧瓶中。当约80%的细胞汇合时,将培养基改变成包含0.5%FBS和抗生素的DMEM培养基。将细胞培养在低氧室中24小时。在23.5小时,在低氧室中,用各种化学试剂(0.01%DMSO、化合物9(20μM)、维生素C(10μM)和z-VAD-fmk(20μM))处理细胞。将细胞转移到37℃培养箱中,然后用H2O2(400μM)处理,然后立即进行再培养。进行再充氧1.5小时。
试验例5-1:在H9C2细胞中经由FDA/PI双染色测定在缺血性再
灌注损伤后的保护效果
将H9C2细胞培养在35mm烧瓶中,用FDA(二乙酸荧光素,Sigma)和PI(碘化丙啶)双重染色以产生荧光。制备FDA/PI储备溶液。将细胞用PBS洗涤,向1.5ml的细胞培养基中加入4.5μl的FDA溶液(5mg/ml)和4μl的PI溶液(2mg/ml)。通过荧光显微镜获得用FDA/PI染色的图像。结果示于图11。
试验例5-2:在H9C2细胞中通过对在缺血性再灌注损伤后用
FDA/PI双染色的细胞进行计数来测定保护效果
在试验例5-1中利用荧光显微镜得到FDA/PI染色的图像后,使用Image Pro计数活细胞和死细胞的数量。结果示于图12。
试验例5-3:在H9C2细胞中通过对在缺血性再灌注损伤后用
Annexin V/PI双染色的细胞进行FACS分析来测定保护效果
使用FITC/Annexin V细胞凋亡检测试剂盒染色凋亡或坏死的细胞,然后利用流式细胞仪分析。根据采用PI/Annexin V-FITC的染色,将在35mm烧瓶中培养的细胞分成3组:未处理组、单一染色组和双染色组。在再充氧后,将收集的细胞在4℃下以2,000rpm离心分离10分钟。在除去上清液培养基后,采用结合Annexin V的缓冲液将细胞再悬浮,在黑暗中,用5μl的PI和5μl的Annexin V-FITC染色,然后经由FACS分析。结果示于图13。
试验例5-4:在H9C2细胞中测定在缺血性再灌注损伤后对线粒体
肿胀的抑制效果
使用在150mm烧瓶中培养的H9C2细胞来测定线粒体肿胀。用0.05%胰蛋白酶收集细胞,然后在4℃下以2,000rpm离心分离10分钟。在除去上清液后,用PBS洗涤细胞。将细胞在4℃下以2,000rpm再次离心分离10分钟,然后弃去上清液。将得到的细胞团块加入到500μl过滤的分离缓冲液(300mM甘露醇、0.2mM EDTA、5mMTris-HCl(pH 7.4)、1%牛血清白蛋白)中,用于随后的试验。用注射器打破细胞,用锥虫蓝染色的溶液进行试验。当大多数细胞被打破时,将细胞溶液立即以2,000rpm离心分离4分钟。收集包含线粒体的上清液,在4℃下以13,000rpm离心分离10分钟。在弃去上清液后,将得到的线粒体团块再悬浮在100μl的培养缓冲液(150mM KCl、20mMTris-HCl(pH 7.4))中。采用蛋白质定量试剂盒来测定蛋白质浓度。将一些分离的线粒体蛋白质分配到96孔板中,然后用分光光度计在513nm下进行测定。结果示于图14。
试验例5-5:在H9C2细胞中使用MitoTracker/PI双染色测定在
缺血性再灌注损伤后的线粒体浊度(turbidity)和细胞核坏死
线粒体显影和3D图像:
为了使在35mm烧瓶中培养的H9C2细胞的线粒体显影,制备溶于DMSO中的1mM MitoTracker Green FM。将细胞用细胞培养基洗涤,然后用0.5mM的MitoTracker Green FM和4μl的PI溶液进行双重染色。1小时后,通过荧光显微镜分析细胞,并使用Imaris程序得到3D图像。
电子显微镜:
使用在底部具有盖玻片的24孔板中培养的H9C2细胞。采用包含2%戊二醛的0.1M磷酸钠缓冲液(pH 7.4)固定细胞。用PBS缓冲液洗涤细胞,然后用1%OsO4和1.5%钾固定1小时。将细胞顺次用PBS缓冲液和蒸馏水洗涤2次,然后在4℃下用过滤的0.5%醋酸铀酰处理过夜。将细胞用蒸馏水洗涤2次,用乙醇脱水,并包埋在Epon中2次,每次1小时。在Epon中,在60℃下聚合细胞2天,然后,经由电子显微镜检查进行分析。
荧光免疫染色:
用冰冷的0.05%TBST洗涤OCT-包埋的组织切片10分钟,洗涤3次。在室温下,用含有1%BSA的阻断溶液处理组织切片1小时。为了对重链心肌肌球蛋白进行免疫荧光染色,用抗重链心肌肌球蛋白(1:100,Abcam)作为一级抗体处理组织切片。将组织切片用PBS-吐温20洗涤2次,然后用二级抗体——驴抗小鼠633IgM(Invitrogen)染色,再用PBS-吐温20洗涤2次。对于麦胚凝集素染色,在37℃下用AlexaFluor 555麦胚凝集素(Invitrogen)处理组织切片10分钟。为了进行α-横纹肌肌动蛋白的免疫荧光染色,在4℃下,用一级抗体、抗α-横纹肌肌动蛋白处理组织切片24小时。将组织切片用0.05%TBST洗涤2次,然后用二级抗体Alexa Fluor 555驴抗-小鼠IgG(Invitrogen)染色。将组织切片用苏木素染色5秒,以染色细胞核。固定组织切片后,从荧光显微镜得到图像。结果示于图15。
试验例6:在SD大鼠中化合物9抗缺血/再灌注引起的心脏损伤
的保护效果
动物管理:
雄性SD大鼠(270~360g),购自首尔大学动物中心。将大鼠饲养在半特异性无病原体的条件下,其中开灯和关灯为12小时循环,温度和湿度分别保持在22℃和55%。无限制地提供标准的固体啮齿类动物食物和自来水。在试验前,每只动物经过1周适应期,其均经过首尔大学IACUC的许可后进行。
手术准备:
在1周适应期后,经由腹膜内输注氯胺酮(100mg/kg,YuhanCorp.,Seoul,Korea)和赛拉嗪(10mg/mg,Bayer,Shawnee Mission,Kansas,USA)的混合物将大鼠麻醉。在合适的麻醉后,进行基本的超声心动图评价,然后对所有大鼠提供100%的氧气。
通过暂时性结扎LAD 45分钟诱发缺血性再灌注。用带有10号聚乙烯管的8-0Ethilon(Ethicon)结扎LAD 45分钟。通过心肌脱色和室性快速型心律失常,肉眼鉴定缺血。
将大鼠分成3组:对照组(5mL的0.9%盐水)、环胞素处理组(在5mL的0.9%盐水中25mg/kg)和化合物9处理组(在5mL的5%葡萄糖中30mg/kg)。使用动物输液泵经由尾静脉灌注药物20分钟。
通过移除结扎和10号聚乙烯管而开始再灌注,将受损心肌在第一个数分钟内典型的充血变化的特征定义为再灌注。保留松开的缝合线以界定终止的缺血面积。
在手术后,向化合物9处理组,按照相同的剂量口服给予化合物9共3天,每天一次。其余组给予相同剂量。
利用超声心动图进行梗塞大鼠心脏的功能研究:
在麻醉的状态下,剃除左侧胸腔上的毛发。在临进行冠状动脉结扎之前进行经胸超声心动图描记,使用具有线阵式换能器的多普勒超声心动图系统收集数据。采用胸骨旁的长轴位和短轴位的二维模式对心脏成像。使用包括乳头肌的短轴位定位与室间隔和左室后壁垂直的M-型游标位置。不记录训练期间得到的图像。根据美国超声心动描记术学会的尖端技术的方法测定左心室舒张末期(LVEDD)和收缩末期体积(LVESD)。通过公式100×(LVEDD-LVESD)/LVEDD计算左室部分缩短的百分比(%)。
梗塞大鼠心脏的组织分析:
在心肌缺血发生后3天,麻醉大鼠。为了评价梗塞面积的尺寸,将石蜡包埋的代表性左心室切片切成4μm厚度的切片。用苏木素和伊红染色中性粒细胞,然后用光学显微镜研究。测定在每个切片的1mm2面积下的炎症细胞数量。使用图像分析系统(Image Pro 4.5版;MediaCybernet ics,Bethesda,Maryland,USA)研究用Masson三色染色的纤维化面积。对2个单独的切片进行纤维化面积的测量,并取平均值进行数值分析。
对于免疫组织学染色和研究,将大鼠心脏置于含有OCT-化合物的8μm切片(Tissue-Teck,Sakura,Torrance,California,USA)中,快速冷冻并贮存。通过每只动物(n=3)在10HPF中染色的阳性细胞数量来定量测定染色。为了评价细胞凋亡,进行TUNEL试验(ChemiconS 7100试剂盒,Chemicon,Temecula,California,USA)和对胱天蛋白酶3的免疫组织学染色。在10个不同的显微镜面积下研究TUNEL试验或胱天蛋白酶3的阳性细胞,每只动物取至少3个不同的切片。
使用抗心肌肌钙蛋白i(Santa Cruz Biotechnology)进行免疫荧光染色。使用绿色FITC共轭的山羊抗兔IgG抗体(MolecularProbes)进行检测。进行红色PI染色来表示细胞核,进行通过Fluro350的蓝色Alexa HMGB1染色来表示细胞核。用荧光显微镜(LSM 510META,Carl Zeiss,Peabody,Massachusetts,USA)研究红色Dil-标记MSC和绿色连接蛋白-43的共区域化(colocalization)或心肌肌钙蛋白i的表达。
梗塞面积的测定:
在心肌的缺血/再灌注损伤后72小时,测定梗塞面积,用AAR(风险面积)百分比评价。AAR与LV(左心室)的比例表示心肌组织受缺血/再灌注影响的程度。IS/AAR的比例为测定受损伤心肌中IS的准确指数,其为评价药物治疗功效的主要终点。为了测定AAR,再次结扎左侧冠状动脉,通过逆行性方法经由胸主动脉灌注4%的伊文思蓝染料。快速取出心脏,在0.9%盐水中洗涤,然后保存在冰库(-20℃)中。将心脏切成5个1mm横切片。将心脏切片储存在37℃下的1%氯化三苯基四氮唑溶液中15分钟,然后置于甲醛溶液中。正常组织会染成红色,梗塞组织会染成白色。在显微镜下,以数字模式(Canon EOS 400D)拍摄心脏切片的图像,并使用ImagePro软件(1.34版)测定IS、AAR和总左室面积。
数值分析:
所有数据均以平均值(SE)表示。通过学生t检验比较连续变量,并通过方差分析进行多重比较,采用Bonferroni post hoc进行校正。如果p值小于0.05,则该值被认为是统计学显著的,所有的分析都使用SPSS 17.0版(SPSS,Chicago,Illinois,USA)进行。
化合物9抗左心室质量(LV)增加的抑制效果示于图16,化合物9抗缺血/再灌注损伤后的左室(LV)部分缩短的抑制效果示于图17,化合物9与CsA对心肌纤维化的比较分析结果示于图18。
Claims (25)
1.用于预防或治疗与氧化应激相关的疾病的药物组合物,其包含治疗有效量的作为活性成分的下式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物、其药学可接受的盐或异构体,和药学可接受的载体:
[式1]
在式(1)中,
na表示0-3的数字,
Aa表示5元杂芳基或杂环,其各自具有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R1a表示R5a-Xa-Ba-X′a-,
Ba表示直接键,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
Xa和X′a彼此独立地表示直接键,或选自-NR6a-、-CO-、-CONR6a-、-CO2-、-OC(O)-、-S(O)ma-、-O-(CH2)ma-、-(CH2)ma-O-、-(CH2)ma-、-NR6aCO-、-(R6aO)2P(O)-和-NHCO2-,其中ma表示0-3的数字,且R6a表示氢、烷基或环烷基,
R5a表示氢、腈、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基或芳基,或表示3~10元单环或稠合环杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,且任选被氧代或烷基取代,或
R5a和R6a可一起形成4~8元环,
R2a表示-(CR8aR9a)pa-Ya-R7a,
pa表示0-2的数字,
R8a和R9a彼此独立地表示氢或烷基,或可一起形成4~8元环,
Ya表示直接键,或选自-O-、-S-、-NR6a-、-NR6aC(O)-、-CO2-、-C(O)-、-C(O)NR6a-、-S(O)qa-和-S(O)qaNR6a-,其中qa表示0-2的数字,
R7a表示氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、烷基、环烷基或芳基,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、S和O的杂原子,且其任选包含氧代,
R3a表示氢、烷基、-(CH2)qa-环烷基或-(CH2)qa-杂环,
R4a表示-(CH2)pa-Da-R10a,
Da表示直接键,表示任选包含氧代的环烷基,表示芳基,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、S和O的杂原子,
R10a表示氢、卤素、氨基、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烷基羰基、烷基磺酰基或-(CH2)pa-NR8aR9a,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,且所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷基磺酰基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷硫基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基烷氧基和氧代;
[式2]
在式(2)中,
nb表示1-3的数字,
mb表示0或1,
Ab表示直接键,表示苯基,或表示具有1-2个氮原子的6元杂芳基,Xb表示C或N,条件是当Xb为N时mb为0,当Xb为C时mb为1,R1b表示氢、烷基、-(CH2)rbNR7bR8b或-(CH2)rbCO2H,其中rb表示1-5的数字,R7b和R8b彼此独立地表示氢、烷基或烷基羰基,或可一起形成任选被烷基取代的亚烷基链,其中一个亚甲基任选被N原子替代,
R2b表示氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烷氧基或三烷基甲硅烷基,表示-(CH2)pbCO2R7b、-(CH2)pbOR7b、-(CH2)pbNR7bR8b、-NHR10b、-N(H)S(O)2R7b、-NHC(O)R10b、-(CH2)pbS(O)2R7b或(CH2)pb-杂环-R10b,其中pb表示0-3的数字,R7b和R8b为如上定义的,R10b表示氢、氧代、烷基磺酰基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、烷氧基、烷基或杂环,
R3b表示氢、氰基、卤素、烷基或苯基,或表示-(CH2)nb-杂环或-(CH2)nb-芳基,其中nb表示0-3的数字,
R4b表示-YbR11b,其中Yb表示直接键或-(CR7bR8b)pbY′b-,其中pb表示0-3的数字,R7b和R8b为如上定义的,Y′b选自-O-、-S-、-NR12b-、-NR12bC(O)-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-、-S(O)qb-和-S(O)qbNR12b-,其中R12b表示氢、烷基、芳基或杂芳基,qb表示0-2的数字,R11b选自氢、氰基、卤素、羟基、巯基、羧基、烷基和-(CH2)tbBb-R13b,其中tb表示0-3的数字,Bb表示杂环、杂芳基或芳基,R13b表示氢、氰基、卤素、羟基、氧代、巯基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基羰基或烷基磺酰基,
R5b表示氢、烷基、环烷基、杂环或杂环基烷基,
R6b表示-(CR7bR8b)pb-Zb-Db-Wb-R14b,其中Zb表示直接键,或选自-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-和-S(O)yb-,yb表示1或2的数字,Db表示直接键,或表示环烷基、杂芳基或杂环,Wb表示直接键,或表示-NR7b-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-、-S(O)yb-、-S(O)ybNR12b-或-NR12bS(O)yb-,其中R14b表示氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、杂环、杂芳基、芳基或芳烷基,
R5b和R6b一起表示亚烷基链,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,且所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、羧基、烷基、烷氧基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷硫基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基烷氧基和氧代;
[式3]
在式(3)中,
Bc表示芳基,或表示4~8元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-2个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R7c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基或烷氧基,
R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、C3-C8-环烷基、杂环基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基-烷基或杂环基-烷基,
R9c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基、烷氧基、烯丙氧基、烷基氨基或芳基氨基,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、C1-C6-烷基氨基、二(C1-C6-烷基)氨基、羧基、C1-C6-烷基、卤代-C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-烷氧基、芳基-C1-C6-烷氧基和氧代。
2.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗由活性氧(ROS)或活性氮(RNS)介导的氧化应激引起的疾病。
3.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其抑制缺血性再灌注损伤。
4.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其抑制线粒体功能障碍。
5.根据权利要求4的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗MELAS(线粒体肌病、脑病、乳酸酸酸中毒和中风样发作)、MERRF综合征(肌阵挛性癫痫伴破碎红纤维)或Kearns-Sayre综合征。
6.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其抑制低氧损伤。
7.根据权利要求1的药物组合物,其抑制坏死性细胞死亡。
8.根据权利要求7的药物组合物,其抑制分泌型HMGB1(高迁移率族蛋白1)的细胞坏死。
9.根据权利要求8的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗HMGB1介导的疾病。
10.根据权利要求8的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗炎症-介导的或与炎症相关的疾病。
11.根据权利要求8的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗败血症、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、肝硬化、出血性疾病、各种引起坏死的疾病、由病毒或细菌感染引起的疾病。
12.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗肝病、心脏病、血管病、退化性脑疾病、由缺血性再灌注损伤引起的疾病、或由病毒或细菌引起的传染病。
13.根据权利要求12的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗肝移植、肝脏切除、肝脏栓塞、肝纤维变性、肝硬化、酒精/非酒精性脂肪肝和由病毒或药物引起的肝炎。
14.根据权利要求12的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗心律失常、心脏停搏或心肌梗塞。
15.根据权利要求12的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗Lou Gehr i g疾病、中风、痴呆、帕金森病或亨廷顿舞蹈病。
16.根据权利要求12的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗由流感、HBV、HCV或H IV感染、或细菌感染引起的疾病。
17.根据权利要求3的药物组合物,其中所述缺血性再灌注损伤是由线粒体功能障碍、低氧损伤、HMGB1释放或坏死性细胞死亡引起的。
18.根据权利要求3或17的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗肝移植、肝脏切除、肝脏栓塞、肝纤维变性、肝硬化、酒精/非酒精性脂肪肝,由病毒或药物引起的肝炎。
19.根据权利要求3的药物组合物,用于预防和治疗心律失常、心脏停搏或心肌梗塞。
20.下式(3)的化合物、其药学可接受的盐或异构体:
[式3]
在式(3)中,
Bc表示芳基,或表示4~8元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-2个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R7c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基或烷氧基,
R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、C3-C8-环烷基、杂环基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基-烷基或杂环基-烷基,
R9c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基、烷氧基、烯丙氧基、烷基氨基或芳基氨基,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、C1-C6-烷基氨基、二(C1-C6-烷基)氨基、羧基、C1-C6-烷基、卤代-C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-烷氧基、芳基-C1-C6-烷氧基和氧代。
21.根据权利要求20的化合物,其中
Bc表示芳基,或表示5~6元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-2个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R7c表示氢、卤素、腈或烷氧基,
R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、C3-C8-环烷基、杂环基、芳基烷基、环烷基-烷基或杂环基-烷基,
R9c表示氢、卤素、腈、烷氧基、烯丙氧基、烷基氨基或芳基氨基。
22.根据权利要求20的化合物,其中
Bc表示苯基或吡啶,
R7c表示氢、卤素或烷氧基,
R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、杂环基、环烷基-烷基、杂环基-烷基或芳基烷基,
R9c表示氢、卤素或烷氧基。
23.根据权利要求20的化合物,其中
R8c表示环戊基或四氢吡喃。
24.根据权利要求20的化合物,其选自以下化合物:
环戊基-(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺,
(2-苯基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-(四氢-吡喃-4-基)-胺,
环戊基-(2-吡啶-2-基-3H-苯并咪唑-4-基)-胺。
25.具有抗氧化效果的化妆品组合物,其包含作为活性成分的下式(1)、(2)或(3)的化合物、其药学可接受的盐或异构体、和可接受的载体:
[式1]
在式(1)中,
na表示0-3的数字,
Aa表示5元杂芳基或杂环,其各自具有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R1a表示R5a-Xa-Ba-X′a-,
Ba表示直接键,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
Xa和X′a彼此独立地表示直接键,或选自-NR6a-、-CO-、-CONR6a-、-CO2-、-OC(O)-、-S(O)ma-、-O-(CH2)ma-、-(CH2)ma-O-、-(CH2)ma-、-NR6aCO-、-(R6aO)2P(O)-和-NHCO2-,其中ma表示0-3的数字,且R6a表示氢、烷基或环烷基,
R5a表示氢、腈、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、环烷基或芳基,或表示3~10元单环或稠合环杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、O和S的杂原子,且任选被氧代或烷基取代,或
R5a和R6a可一起形成4~8元环,
R2a表示-(CR8aR9a)pa-Ya-R7a,
pa表示0-2的数字,
R8a和R9a彼此独立地表示氢或烷基,或可一起形成4~8元环,
Ya表示直接键,或选自-O-、-S-、-NR6a-、-NR6aC(O)-、-CO2-、-C(O)-、-C(O)NR6a-、-S(O)qa-和-S(O)qaNR6a-,其中qa表示0-2的数字,
R7a表示氢、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、烷基、环烷基或芳基,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、S和O的杂原子,且其任选包含氧代,
R3a表示氢、烷基、-(CH2)qa-环烷基或-(CH2)qa-杂环,
R4a表示-(CH2)pa-Da-R10a,
Da表示直接键,表示任选包含氧代的环烷基,表示芳基,或表示3~10元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-3个选自N、S和O的杂原子,
R10a表示氢、卤素、氨基、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烷基羰基、烷基磺酰基或-(CH2)pa-NR8aR9a,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,且所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、烷基、卤代烷基、烷基磺酰基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷硫基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基烷氧基和氧代;
[式2]
在式(2)中,
nb表示1-3的数字,
mb表示0或1,
Ab表示直接键,表示苯基,或表示具有1-2个氮原子的6元杂芳基,
Xb表示C或N,条件是当Xb为N时mb为0,当Xb为C时mb为1,
R1b表示氢、烷基、-(CH2)rbNR7bR8b或-(CH2)rbCO2H,其中rb表示1-5的数字,R7b和R8b彼此独立地表示氢、烷基或烷基羰基,或可一起形成任选被烷基取代的亚烷基链,其中一个亚甲基任选被N原子替代,
R2b表示氢、卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、烷基、烷氧基或三烷基甲硅烷基,表示-(CH2)pbCO2R7b、-(CH2)pbOR7b、-(CH2)pbNR7bR8b、-NHR10b、-N(H)S(O)2R7b、-NHC(O)R10b、-(CH2)pbS(O)2R7b 或(CH2)pb-杂环-R10b,其中pb表示0-3的数字,R7b和R8b为如上定义的,R10b表示氢、氧代、烷基磺酰基、烷基羰基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、烷氧基、烷基或杂环,
R6b表示氢、氰基、卤素、烷基或苯基,或表示-(CH2)nb-杂环或-(CH2)nb-芳基,其中nb表示0-3的数字,
R4b表示-YbR11b,其中Yb表示直接键或-(CR7bR8b)pbY′b-,其中pb表示0-3的数字,R7b和R8b为如上定义的,Y′b选自-O-、-S-、-NR12b-、-NR12bC(O)-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-、-S(O)qb-和-S(O)qbNR12b-,其中R12b表示氢、烷基、芳基或杂芳基,qb表示0-2的数字,R11b选自氢、氰基、卤素、羟基、巯基、羧基、烷基和-(CH2)tbBb-R13b,其中tb表示0-3的数字,Bb表示杂环、杂芳基或芳基,R13b表示氢、氰基、卤素、羟基、氧代、巯基、羧基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、烷基羰基或烷基磺酰基,
R5b表示氢、烷基、环烷基、杂环或杂环基烷基,
R6b表示-(CR7bR8b)pb-Zb-Db-Wb-R13b,其中Zb表示直接键,或选自-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-和-S(O)yb-,yb表示1或2的数字,Db表示直接键,或表示环烷基、杂芳基或杂环,Wb表示直接键,或表示-NR7b-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-、-C(O)NR12b-、-S(O)yb-、-S(O)ybNR12b-或-NR12bS(O)yb-,其中R14b表示氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、杂环、杂芳基、芳基或芳烷基,
R5b和R6b一起表示亚烷基链,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,且所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、烷基氨基、二烷基氨基、羧基、烷基、烷氧基、羧基烷基、烷基羰基氧基、烷硫基、烷氧羰基、烷基氨基羰基、芳基烷氧基和氧代;
[式3]
在式(3)中,
Bc表示芳基,或表示4~8元杂环或杂芳基,其各自具有1-2个选自N、O和S的杂原子,
R7c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基或烷氧基,
R8c表示C1-C6-烷基、C3-C8-环烷基、杂环基、芳基、芳基烷基、环烷基-烷基或杂环基-烷基,
R9c表示氢、卤素、羟基、腈、硝基、烷氧基、烯丙氧基、烷基氨基或芳基氨基,
其中烷基、烷氧基、芳基、环烷基、杂环和杂芳基可以是任选被取代的,所述取代基为一个或多个选自以下的基团:羟基、卤素、腈、氨基、C1-C6-烷基氨基、二(C1-C6-烷基)氨基、羧基、C1-C6-烷基、卤代-C1-C6-烷基、C1-C6-烷氧基、芳基-C1-C6-烷氧基和氧代。
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US10322135B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
KR101325272B1 (ko) | 2013-11-05 |
CN102596198B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
MX338807B (es) | 2016-05-02 |
BR112012009894A2 (pt) | 2016-11-29 |
TWI535440B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
WO2011052950A3 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
KR20110046321A (ko) | 2011-05-04 |
RU2557243C2 (ru) | 2015-07-20 |
TW201119651A (en) | 2011-06-16 |
JP5820813B2 (ja) | 2015-11-24 |
RU2012121815A (ru) | 2013-12-10 |
US20120214804A1 (en) | 2012-08-23 |
US20170165272A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
EP2493469A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
TW201414473A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
MX2012004504A (es) | 2012-09-07 |
EP2493469A2 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
AR078775A1 (es) | 2011-11-30 |
JP2013508452A (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
TR201204895T1 (tr) | 2013-01-21 |
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