CN102574228A - 用于制造齿轮的工作机 - Google Patents

用于制造齿轮的工作机 Download PDF

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CN102574228A
CN102574228A CN2010800423595A CN201080042359A CN102574228A CN 102574228 A CN102574228 A CN 102574228A CN 2010800423595 A CN2010800423595 A CN 2010800423595A CN 201080042359 A CN201080042359 A CN 201080042359A CN 102574228 A CN102574228 A CN 102574228A
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machine
workpiece
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instrument
operating
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CN102574228B (zh
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阿特米奥·阿法蒂卡蒂
维托·佩罗内
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Aimei Gesu Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/028—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of workholder per toolhead in operating position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F1/00—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface
    • B23F1/06—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by milling
    • B23F1/065—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by milling with plural tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F17/00—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B23F17/006—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups using different machines or machining operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F21/005—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth with plural tools on a common axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/006—Equipment for synchronising movement of cutting tool and workpiece, the cutting tool and workpiece not being mechanically coupled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/20—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling
    • B23F5/22—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling the tool being a hob for making spur gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/626—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B23Q39/028—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of workholder per toolhead in operating position
    • B23Q39/029—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station with a plurality of workholder per toolhead in operating position with a twin table for alternatively working on one of the tables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5176—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling including machining means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10159—Hobbing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10159—Hobbing
    • Y10T409/102544—Hobbing including infeed means
    • Y10T409/102703—Hobbing including infeed means to infeed along axis of work rotation
    • Y10T409/102862—Infeed of cutter
    • Y10T409/103021—Infeed of cutter and infeed radially of axis of work rotation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10159—Hobbing
    • Y10T409/102544—Hobbing including infeed means
    • Y10T409/102703—Hobbing including infeed means to infeed along axis of work rotation
    • Y10T409/102862—Infeed of cutter
    • Y10T409/10318—Vertically
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10159—Hobbing
    • Y10T409/102544—Hobbing including infeed means
    • Y10T409/103339—Hobbing including infeed means to infeed radially of axis of work rotation
    • Y10T409/103498—Infeed of cutter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/10159—Hobbing
    • Y10T409/102544—Hobbing including infeed means
    • Y10T409/103339—Hobbing including infeed means to infeed radially of axis of work rotation
    • Y10T409/103498—Infeed of cutter
    • Y10T409/103657—Infeed of cutter and infeed tangentially of work axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305264—Multiple work stations

Abstract

一种用于制造齿轮的机器(1)。机器(1)包括工件固定器单元(3*、3**)以及装配有操作头(30)的操作单元(20)，所述操作头设置有用于加工工件的至少一个工具(33；33A、33B)。此外，工件固定器单元(3*、3**)和操作单元(20)被提供有在一方向(X1、X2)上相对于彼此的相对运动。机器(1)的特征在于，所述操作单元(20)适于在基本上垂直于上述方向(X1、X2)的方向(Y1)上移动，并且所述工具(33；33A、33B)安装在滑动件(25)上，所述滑动件被提供有由一方向(Y)限定的切线运动。

Description

用于制造齿轮的工作机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造齿轮的工作机。
背景技术
在齿轮制造领域，一种已知的齿轮制造方法包括在对应工件上加工出一组齿且然后对该带齿工件进行磨削。每个齿轮切割和磨削工艺均包括相应的工件的粗加工阶段和精加工阶段。
通常，齿轮切割或磨削工艺通过工作机执行，所述工作机包括操作头以及安装为围绕其自身的纵向竖直轴线旋转的工件固定器工作台，所述操作头设置有用于加工工件的至少一个工具，并可沿着在基本上横切于工件固定器工作台的纵向轴线的方向上延伸的导向装置移动。
为提高机器生产力，可使用不同工具来执行粗加工和精加工工艺。因此可优化每个加工工艺并缩短周期时间。普遍地，越来越频繁地执行完整的齿轮切割工艺，变得需要为单个工具托架装配几种工具以能在单个位置中执行不同的加工工艺。通常，可使用的工具的数量及其宽度受限于操作头的行程长度。
如今，已出现生产在特定应用中(诸如在风能发电机的生产中)使用的特别大标称直径的齿轮的需求。
发明内容
因此，本发明的主要目的在于提供一种能够加工特别大的工件的用于制造齿轮的工作机。
此外，为提高工作机的生产量，提供至少两个工作站，以在第一工作站中加工第一工件的同时，在“隐蔽时间(masked time)”内在第二工作站中对对应的第二工件进行定心和/或维修第二工作站的对应工件固定器单元。
还可邻近至少一个工作站设置工具更换站。
因此，根据本发明，提供了一种如所附权利要求书中所要求保护的用于制造齿轮的工作机。
附图说明
现在将参考示出了本发明的非限制性实施例的附图对本发明进行说明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的用于制造齿轮的工作机的优选实施例的示意性透视图；
图2是图1所示的工作机的平面图；
图3(图3A、图3B、图3C)通过举例示出了安装在图1、图2所示的工作机上的操作头的一些操作参数。
具体实施方式
参考图1和图2，整体上用标号1表示的用于制造齿轮(没有示出这些齿轮)的工作机包括支撑框架2。
框架2可理想地视为包括：第一部分2A，在所述第一部分中具有第一基座(BS1)，所述第一基座上布置有支撑、夹持和移动待加工的工件的装置；以及第二部分2B，在所述第二部分中具有第二基座(BS2)，所述第二基座上布置有支撑、夹持和移动适于生产齿轮的粗加工工具和精加工工具(参见下文)的装置。
如图1、图2所示，两个工件固定器单元3*和3**安装在框架2的第一部分2A上，每个工件固定器单元均包括相关滑动件4*、4**。
每个滑动件4*、4**均滑动地接合至布置在框架2的部分2A下方的相关导向装置(未示出)，以通过未示出的已知致动装置驱动而相对于部分2A从框架2的第二部分2B开始和朝着框架的第二部分分别在方向(X1)、(X2)上以直线移动。每个滑动件4*、4**均支撑相关工件固定器工作台5*、5**，所述工件固定件工作台适于支撑大的基本上为圆柱形的工件(未示出)，将在所述工件上执行齿轮切割和磨削操作。
此外，每个工件固定器工作台5*、5**还布置为在相应的方向(C1)、(C2)上围绕相关竖直轴线(a*)、(a**)旋转(通过已知的且未示出的相关致动装置驱动)，以使机器1每次能加工齿轮的一个齿。
每条轴线(a*)、(a**)均横切于相应的方向(X1)、(X2)。
此外，每个滑动件4*、4**均适于通过未示出的相应锁定装置相对于框架2的部分2A锁定。
参考图1，每个工件固定器单元3*、3**均与操作单元6*、6**协作，所述操作单元包括相应的直立柱7*、7**，所述直立柱在基本上平行于轴线(a*)和(a**)的方向上从部分2A向上延伸。
相关滑动件8*、8**滑动地接合至每个直立柱7*、7**，以通过未示出的已知致动装置驱动而在分别横切于方向(X1)或方向(X2)的相应方向上以直线沿着直立柱7*、7**移动。
每个操作单元6*、6**又包括相关支撑臂9*、9**，所述支撑臂铰接至相应的滑动件8*、8**，以通过未示出的已知致动装置驱动而相对于上述对应的滑动件8*、8**围绕相应的支轴(K1)、(K2)(图2)旋转。顺便说一下，支撑臂9*、9**可一直旋转到呈现以图1中的虚线表示的构造。
每个支撑臂9*、9**均适于支撑用于加工和/或控制安装在相关工件固定器工作台5*、5**上的工件的相应辅助装置(未示出)。
工作机1还设置有使用框架2的部分2B的另一操作单元20。
如上所述，所述部分2B包括第二细长基座(BS2)，所述第二基座邻近部分2A，并且所述第二基座的端部从所述部分2A突出。
操作单元20包括第一水平滑动件22，所述第一水平滑动件从第二基座(BS2)向上延伸，滑动地接合(例如通过轨道系统)至所述第二基座(BS2)，以通过未示出的已知致动装置驱动而在方向(Y1)上以直线沿着第二基座(BS2)移动。
第二竖直滑动件23滑动地接合至第一水平滑动件22，以通过未示出的已知致动装置驱动而在横切于方向(Y1)的竖直方向(Z)上以直线沿着水平滑动件22移动。第二滑动件23上具有枢转管状件24，所述枢转管状件通过未示出的已知致动装置驱动而在方向(A)上围绕轴线(W)旋转。枢转管状件24适于通过包括围绕轴线(W)均匀分布的多个锁定装置的锁定组件(未示出)锁定。
再次参考图1，操作单元20还包括滑动地接合至枢转管状件24的第三滑动件25。所述第三滑动件25通过未示出的已知致动装置驱动而在切线方向(Y)上以直线移动。显然，第三滑动件25的实际移动方向还取决于枢转管状件24的角位置，如前所述，所述枢转管状件能够在方向(A)上旋转。
最后，第三滑动件25支撑包括电动机31的操作头30，所述电动机在方向(Y)上延伸，并设置有输出轴32，至少一个工具33锁定至所述输出轴以对所述工件进行加工。
在使用期间，操作头30在两个工作站(WS1)、(WS2)之间在方向(Y1)上沿着第二基座(BS2)移动，在每个工作站内，操作头30面向工件固定器单元3**，3*，以加工安装在相关工件固定器工作台5**、5*上的工件(未示出)。
随着所述操作头继续在方向(Y1)上行进，操作头30能够完全移动到工作站(WS2)外并进入工具更换站(TC)。
在工具更换站(TC)中，操作头30移动到第二基座(BS2)的相对于第一基座(BS1)突出的一部分中，以使操作人员(未示出)能方便地更换工具33。
在工具更换站(TC)内更换工具33的操作可手动地或者通过机械化工具装载/卸载系统(未示出)执行。
在两个工作站(WS1)、(WS2)中的每个内，机器1能够在由相关工件固定器工作台5**和5*支撑的每个工件(未示出)上执行两个加工工艺，例如：
-齿轮切割，以制造齿轮(未示出)的齿，所述齿轮切割通常包括第一粗加工阶段和第二精加工阶段；以及
-磨削工艺，磨削在先前的齿轮切割工艺期间获得的齿，所述磨削工艺通常也包括第一粗加工阶段和第二精加工阶段。
两个工件固定器单元3*、3**和操作头30的移动和锁定均通过电子控制单元(CG)(图2)控制和监控。
机器1的众多优点之一来源于以下事实，即，当操作头30面向工件固定器单元3**并因此占据工作站(WS1)时，还可在“隐蔽时间”内在由工件固定器单元3*支撑的工件上执行必要的定心操作，如果需要，使用任何由支撑臂9*支撑的控制装置(未示出)执行。
此外，当操作头30占据工作站(WS1)时，操作人员还可在“隐蔽时间”内维修工件固定器单元3*、更换由支撑臂9*支撑的控制装置等。
显然，当操作头30占据工作站(WS2)时，实现类似优点。在这种情况下，还可在“隐蔽时间”内对由工件固定器单元3**支撑的工件进行定心，如果需要，使用由支撑臂9**支撑的控制装置(未示出)进行。此外，当操作头30占据工作站(WS2)时，操作人员还可在“隐蔽时间”内维修工件固定器单元3**、更换由支撑臂9**支撑的控制装置等。
显然，不背离本发明的范围的前提下，操作头30和/或滑动件4*、4**可安装在除上述这些之外的单元的不同组合上。
图3A、图3B、图3C示出了在上述机器1上通过一对工具33A、33B执行的加工操作的顺序。
具体地，工具33A是插入式铣刀(insert milling cutter)，而工具33B是齿轮滚刀33B。
显然，在某一工艺阶段使用的工具33A或33B的类型根据用来制造正在加工的工件的材料、加工工艺的类型等来选择。
当工具33A、33B起作用(即加工工件)时，其它工具33B、33A处于不起作用(即不工作)，并且不管出于什么原因都不能接触工件。
“总工作行程”(CTL)，需要使用多个工具执行“组合加工工艺”，由工具33B的前表面33B*与工具33B的中心之间的“纵向距离”(LD)(图3C)和“移动距离”(SD)(图3B)(即最终按所使用的工具的宽度计算)的总和给出。
也就是说，“总工作行程”(CTL)由单个工具之间的距离加上其宽度的总和限定。
“总工作行程”(CTL)通常通过使滑动件25在方向(Y)上移动而获得。
所述“总工作行程”(CTL)可能不足以加工特别大的工件，诸如在风力发电机中使用的齿轮。当操作头30上具有两个工具33A、33B时，不足的“总工作行程”(CTL)还将引起被称为“侧倾(heeling)”的现象，此时工具33A仍位于正在被工具33B加工的工件上。也就是说，在“总工作行程”(CTL)不足的机器中，当加工大直径的工件时，两个工具中的一个，例如工具33A，在正在由工具33B加工所述工件时，将不能完全从所述工件移开；显然，工具33A将因此损坏工件。在工具33A工作时，当工具33B不应工作时，将出现相同的情况。
在这种情况下，图1所示的机器1的特定布局很有用，因为通过使整个操作单元20在方向(Y1)上移动，“总工作行程”(CTL)可假想地“延长”。
操作单元20的“总工作行程”(CTL)的延长是由图1所示的机器1的布局提供的一个显著优点。
根据本发明的工作机的重大优点主要包括“总工作行程”(CTL)的显著延长，以加工特别大直径的工件，并在操作头支撑多个工具时防止出现被称为“侧倾”的现象。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于制造齿轮的机器(1)，
所述机器(1)包括至少一个工件固定器单元(3*；3**)以及装配有至少一个操作头(30)的至少一个操作单元(20)，所述至少一个操作头设置有用于加工所述工件的至少一个工具(33；33A、33B)；所述至少一个工件固定器单元(3*；3**)和所述至少一个操作单元(20)被提供有根据至少一个方向(X1、X2)的相对于彼此的相对运动；
所述机器(1)的特征在于：
所述至少一个操作单元(20)还适于在基本上垂直于所述至少一个方向(XI、X2)的方向(Y1)上移动；
并且其中，
所述至少一个工具(33；33A、33B)安装在滑动件(25)上，所述滑动件被提供有由一方向(Y)限定的切线运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，所述滑动件(25)安装在枢转元件(24)上，所述枢转元件适于在基本上平行于所述至少一个方向(X1、X2)且垂直于所述方向(Y1)的方向(X3)上移动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，所述枢转元件(24)还适于根据一方向(A)围绕轴线(W)旋转。
4.前述权利要求中任一项所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，所述机器包括至少两个工作站((WS1)、(WS2))，从而在第一工作站((WS1))中加工第一工件的同时，在“隐蔽时间”内在第二工作站((WS2))中对对应的第二工件进行定心和/或维修所述第二工作站((WS2))的对应工件固定器单元(3*)。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，邻近一工作站((WS1)、(WS2))设置有至少一个工具更换站((TC))。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，所述机器包括适于在所述至少两个工作站((WS1)、(WS2))之间移动的单个操作单元(20)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，所述单个操作单元(20)适于移动以到达工具更换站((TC))，在所述工具更换站中更换至少一个工具(33；33A、33B)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，单个操作单元(20)由底座((BS2))支撑，所述底座相对于支撑所述工件固定器单元(3*、3**)的底座(BS1)突出。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机器(1)，其特征在于，所述操作单元(20)为单个的并支撑单个操作头(30)，所述单个操作头上安装有至少两个工具(33A、33B)。
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