CN102559710B - 等鞭金藻δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因及其克隆方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一个来源于海洋微藻等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因及其克隆方法。本发明以一种等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)为材料,通过设计简并引物扩增基因核心序列,再采用基因组步移的方法扩增出全长Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因isfad4。通过在毕赤酵母中异源表达isfad4证实了IsFAD4的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一个来源于海洋微藻等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因及其克隆方法。
背景技术
多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturased fatty acids,PUFAs),如二十碳五烯酸(Eicosatetraenoicacid,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)等是人体中枢神经系统膜脂结构的主要成分,对人体特别是婴幼儿大脑和神经系统的发育是必不可少的,在医学和营养保健方面具有重要的作用。人体合成EPA和DHA的效率极低,在日常生活中补充足够的EPA和DHA对维持身体健康极为重要。目前市场上该类脂肪酸主要来源于深海鱼油,环境污染问题及鱼类资源的有限性使得人们必需寻找持久的、稳定安全的EPA和DHA替代来源。已知某些微生物如真菌和海洋微藻能从头合成PUFAs且体内含量丰富,目前直接从这些微生物发酵培养制备商业化的PUFAs只是在极少数物种中取得成功,高提取成本和低产量是需要克服的主要瓶颈。另一方面,基因工程已经能实现在一些植物中合成PUFAs,利用转基因植物尤其是油料作物作为“绿色细胞工厂”生产PUFAs也是今后发展的一个重要方向。一些微生物拥有合成PUFAs的全套基因,是转基因研究中优良基因的主要来源,因此从这些微生物中克隆合成PUFAs所必需的去饱和酶基因和延长酶基因是转基因研究及开发的基础。
图1显示了生物体内合成PUFAs的主要过程,Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶处于整个途径的最下游,是将二十二碳五烯酸(Docosapentaenoic acid,DPA)转化生成DHA所必需的一个脂肪酸去饱和酶。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因及其克隆方法,该基因具有Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶功能。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4脂肪酸去饱和酶基因,其特征在于它的基因的全长序列如下:
atgtgcaacg cggcagtcga gaagaagcag ccacccaggc cttcgtggac gaagatccac 60
ggccgcgtcg ttgacgtcgc caacttccgc cacccaggcg gcaacatcct agacctcttt 120
ctggggatgg acgccaccag tgcatttgag cagttccatg gccaccacaa gggcgcatgg 180
aagatgctcc actcgttgcc cgagaaagtt gtcgatcagg ccgatattcc cacccagaac 240
gacgagcacg tcgccgaaat gacccgtctg atgacctcgt ggcgcgagcg tggcctcttc 300
aagcctcgcc cagtcgcctc ggctgtctat ggcatctgcg ttgtgcttgc gatcatcgcg 360
tcggtcgcgt gcgcaccgta cgctcctgtg atcgctggta tcgcggtggg cacttgctgg 420
gcgcagtgcg gcttcctgca gcacatggga ggccaccgag agtgggggcg caagtggtcg 480
tttgctttcc agcacttttt tgagggcctc ctgaagggag ggtcggcctc gtggtggcga 540
aaccggcaca acaagcacca cgctaagaca aacgtgattg gggaggacgg cgaccttcqc 600
accacgcctt tttttgcgtg ggaccctact cttgccaaga aggtgcctga ctggtcgctc 660
cgaacgcaag ccttcacctt ccttccggcc cttggtgcgt acgtcttcat tttcgctttc 720
acggtgcgca agtactccgt tgtcaagcgc ctctggcatg aggtcgccct tatgctcgcc 780
cactacgcga tcttcgcctg gggcctccac gtcgccggtg cgacgctgaa ggcaggcctc 840
acattctatt gcacgggcta tgcatggcag ggcatctacc ttggcttctt cttcggtctc 900
tcgcactttg ctgttgagcg cgtgccatcg acggccacgt ggctcgagtc cacgatgatt 960
ggcaccatcg actggagcgg ctcctccgcc ttctgcggct acctttctgg cttcctcaac 1020
atccagatcg agcaccacat ggcgccacaa atgcccatgg agaacctccg acaaatccgg 1080
gctgactgca aggcttccgc cgagaagttt ggcctcccgt accgtgagat gtccttcctc 1140
gctgccgtca agctcatgat caacgggctc taccagaccg gcaaggagga gctgaagttg 1200
cgatcagatc ggcgcaaata ctcgcgtgca caggcctacc ttggtgcggc gagcgctgtg 1260
gttgagacgc tcaaggcgga ttga 1284。
上述等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因isfad4的克隆方法,其特征在于:
对已报道的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶氨基酸序列进行比对,根据比对结果在保守区LQHMGGH和QIEHHMAP设计简并引物IsF1和IsR1;以提取的等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)总基因组DNA为模板,以IsF1/IsR1为引物,采用Touch-Down PCR方法扩增出保守区间对应的基因片段,克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序;通过构建等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)基因组步移文库,采用接头PCR(Adaptor-PCR)和热不对称交错PCR(TAIL-PCR)扩增出等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因片段5’和3’端的侧翼序列;将获得的侧翼序列与之前得到的基因片段进行拼接,即得到等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4结构基因的全长序列(即等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的全长序列)。
与现有的脂肪酸去饱和酶基因相比,该基因具有以下特点:
1)球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)中富含DHA,具有很大的应用潜力。本发明从一种等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)中克隆到Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因isfad4,该基因具有Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶功能。在毕赤酵母中异源表达Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶IsFAD4,通过在发酵培养基中添加底物DPA测定IsFAD4活性,证实IsFAD4将DPA转化为DHA的效率可接近80%。等边金藻属是目前已报道的DHA含量最高的一种海洋微藻,因此,从该属中克隆得到的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因isfad4是转基因研究及相关开发利用中最高效合成DHA的基因。
2)在NCBI中经Blast分析表明,isfad4与其它物种的脂肪酸去饱和酶基因在核苷酸序列上没有同源性,在氨基酸序列上与来源于海洋微藻Isochrysis galbana的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶相似性最高,达到84%。
附图说明
图1是多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)的合成途径图。
图2是等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因的全长序列。
图3是等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因的编码氨基酸序列。
具体实施方式
1.等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因isfad4的克隆方法,它包括如下步骤:
对已报道的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶氨基酸序列进行比对,根据比对结果在保守区LQHMGGH和QIEHHMAP设计简并引物IsF1和IsR1;以提取的等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)总基因组DNA为模板,以IsF1/IsR1为引物,采用Touch-Down PCR方法扩增出保守区间对应的基因片段,克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序;通过构建等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)基因组步移文库,采用接头PCR(Adaptor-PCR)和热不对称交错PCR(TAIL-PCR)扩增出等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因片段5’和3’端的侧翼序列;将获得的侧翼序列与之前得到的基因片段进行拼接,即得到等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4结构基因的全长序列(即等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的全长序列)。
采用TRIzol试剂盒提取等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)的总RNA,通过逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)扩增出isfad4基因对应的全长cDNA序列。测序表明等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)isfad4结构基因的序列与其对应的全长cDNA序列一致,isfad4基因不含有内含子。
等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因的全长序列如下:
atgtgcaacg cggcagtcga gaagaagcag ccacccaggc cttcgtggac gaagatccac 60
ggccgcgtcg ttgacgtcgc caacttccgc cacccaggcg gcaacatcct agacctcttt 120
ctggggatgg acgccaccag tgcatttgag cagttccatg gccaccacaa gggcgcatgg 180
aagatgctcc actcgttgcc cgagaaagtt gtcgatcagg ccgatattcc cacccagaac 240
gacgagcacg tcgccgaaat gacccgtctg atgacctcgt ggcgcgagcg tggcctcttc 300
aagcctcgcc cagtcgcctc ggctgtctat ggcatctgcg ttgtgcttgc gatcatcgcg 360
tcggtcgcgt gcgcaccgta cgctcctgtg atcgctggta tcgcggtggg cacttgctgg 420
gcgcagtgcg gcttcctgca gcacatggga ggccaccgag agtgggggcg caagtggtcg 480
tttgctttcc agcacttttt tgagggcctc ctgaagggag ggtcggcctc gtggtggcga 540
aaccggcaca acaagcacca cgctaagaca aacgtgattg gggaggacgg cgaccttcgc 600
accacgcctt tttttgcgtg ggaccctact cttgccaaga aggtgcctga ctggtcgctc 660
cgaacgcaag ccttcacctt ccttccggcc cttggtgcgt acgtcttcat tttcgctttc 720
acggtgcgca agtactccgt tgtcaagcgc ctctggcatg aggtcgccct tatgctcgcc 780
cactacgcga tcttcgcctg gggcctccac gtcgccggtg cgacgctgaa ggcaggcctc 840
acattctatt gcacgggcta tgcatggcag ggcatctacc ttggcttctt cttcggtctc 900
tcgcactttg ctgttgagcg cgtgccatcg acggccacgt ggctcgagtc cacgatgatt 960
ggcaccatcg actggagcgg ctcctccgcc ttctgcggct acctttctgg cttcctcaac 1020
atccagatcg agcaccacat ggcgccacaa atgcccatgg agaacctccg acaaatccgg 1080
gctgactgca aggcttccgc cgagaagttt ggcctcccgt accgtgagat gtccttcctc 1140
gctgccgtca agctcatgat caacgggctc taccagaccg gcaaggagga gctgaagttg 1200
cgatcagatc ggcgcaaata ctcgcgtgca caggcctacc ttggtgcggc gagcgctgtg 1260
gttgagacgc tcaaggcgga ttga 1284。
等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因的编码氨基酸序列如下:
mcnaavekkq pprpswtkih grvvdvanfr hpggnildlf lgmdatsafe qfhghhkgaw 60
kmlnslpekv vdqadiptqn dehvaemtrl mtswrerglf kprpvasavy gicvvlaiia 120
svacapyapv iagiavgtcw aqcgflqhmg ghrewgrkws fafqhffegl lkggsaswwr 180
nrhnkhhakt nvigedgdlr ttpffawdpt lakkvpdwsl rtqaftflpa lgayvfifaf 240
tvrkysvvkr lwhevalmla hyaifawglh vagatlkagl tfyctgyawq giylgfffgl 300
shfavervps tatwlestmi gtidwsgssa fcgylsgfln iqiehhmapq mpmenlrqir 360
adckasaekf glpyremsfl aavklmingl yqtgkeelkl rsdrrkysra qaylgaasav 420
vetlkad 427。
2.经序列分析,isfad4全长1284bp,不含内含子,其编码427个氨基酸,预测蛋白的分子量为47.9KD,理论等电点为9.34;氨基酸序列与来源于海洋微藻Isochrysis galbana的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶相似性最高,达到84%。
3.在NCBI中经Blast分析表明,isfad4与其它物种的脂肪酸去饱和酶基因在核苷酸序列上没有同源性,在氨基酸序列上与来源于海洋微藻Isochrysis galbana的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶相同性最高,达到84%。
4.等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因功能的验证:
(1)将等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pHBM906,得到毕赤酵母表达质粒pHBM906-isfad4,并将其与空载体pHBM906以电击方法转入毕赤酵母中分别得到重组酵母GS115-isfad4和GS115-pHBM906。挑取阳性转化子接种到装有5mlBMGY液体培养基的试管中,28℃,200rpm摇床培养过夜。然后吸取500μl过夜培养的菌液接种至50ml BMGY液体培养基(见附录)的三角瓶中,28℃,200rpm摇床培养至OD600=2~6。离心收集菌体,稀释2~6倍将菌体转移至BMMY液体培养基(见附录)中,使BMMY中初始的OD600=1。向BMMY液体培养基中加入终浓度为1%的NP40、0.5%的甲醇和100μM的底物DPA。同时设立两个底物空白对照,即不添加底物的两个样品做对照。所有样品每隔24h添加一次甲醇诱导。培养96h后离心收集菌体,超声法提取脂肪酸并进行甲酯化,气相色谱分析脂肪酸组成变化。
(2)表1表示的是重组酵母GS115-isfad4和GS115-pHBM906中脂肪酸组成的测定的结果。分析表明:重组酵母GS115-isfad4和GS115-pHBM906在不添加DPA的条件下均没有DPA和DHA的生成。在添加外源底物DPA的情况下,重组酵母GS115-pHBM906中有DPA检出,但是没有检测到DHA的存在,表明转有空载体的菌株不具有将DPA转化成DHA的能力;但是重组酵母GS115-isfad4中除了有DPA检出外,还检测到DHA的存在。DPA占总脂肪酸的比例为0.74%,DHA占总脂肪酸的比例为2.93%,计算将DPA转化成DHA的转化率为79.8%。该转化效率在已经报道的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶中是最高的,这说明等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4基因编码的蛋白质具有将DPA转化生成DHA能力,等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4编码的蛋白是Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶,等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)isfad4是Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因。首次从一种等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)中克隆得到了一条Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因,并且在毕赤酵母中对其进行了功能验证。
表1不同酵母转化子的脂肪酸组成
(+):外源添加DPA (-)不添加DPA ND:未检测到(no detected)
附录:
BMGY(BMGY液体培养基):1%(质量比,下同)Yeast extract,2%Peptone,1%glycerin,121℃灭菌20min,固体培养基添加1.5%琼脂粉。灭菌完毕后加入1/10体积的13.4%YNB,4×10-5%Biotin以及1/10体积Potassium Phosphate Buffer(1mol/L,pH6.0)。YNB,Biotin和Potassium Phosphate Buffer用过滤除菌。
BMMY(BMMY液体培养基):1%Yeast extract,2%Peptone,121℃灭菌20min,固体培养基添加1.5%琼脂粉。灭菌完毕后加入1/10体积的13.4%YNB,4×10-5%Biotin和1/10体积Potassium Phosphate Buffer(1mol/L,pH6.0)。YNB,Biotin和Potassium Phosphate Buffer用过滤除菌。
Potassium Phosphate Buffer(1mol/L,pH6.0):1mol/L K2HPO4和1mol/LKH2PO4的体积比为13.2/86.8
Claims (2)
1.等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因,其特征在于它的基因的全长序列如下:
atgtgcaacg cggcagtcga gaagaagcag ccacccaggc cttcgtggac gaagatccac 60
ggccgcgtcg ttgacgtcgc caacttccgc cacccaggcg gcaacatcct agacctcttt 120
ctggggatgg acgccaccag tgcatttgag cagttccatg gccaccacaa gggcgcatgg 180
aagatgctcc actcgttgcc cgagaaagtt gtcgatcagg ccgatattcc cacccagaac 240
gacgagcacg tcgccgaaat gacccgtctg atgacctcgt ggcgcgagcg tggcctcttc 300
aagcctcgcc cagtcgcctc ggctgtctat ggcatctgcg ttgtgcttgc gatcatcgcg 360
tcggtcgcgt gcgcaccgta cgctcctgtg atcgctggta tcgcggtggg cacttgctgg 420
gcgcagtgcg gcttcctgca gcacatggga ggccaccgag agtgggggcg caagtggtcg 480
tttgctttcc agcacttttt tgagggcctc ctgaagggag ggtcggcctc gtggtggcga 540
aaccggcaca acaagcacca cgctaagaca aacgtgattg gggaggacgg cgaccttcgc 600
accacgcctt tttttgcgtg ggaccctact cttgccaaga aggtgcctga ctggtcgctc 660
cgaacgcaag ccttcacctt ccttccggcc cttggtgcgt acgtcttcat tttcgctttc 720
acggtgcgca agtactccgt tgtcaagcgc ctctggcatg aggtcgccct tatgctcgcc 780
cactacgcga tcttcgcctg gggcctccac gtcgccggtg cgacgctgaa ggcaggcctc 840
acattctatt gcacgggcta tgcatggcag ggcatctacc ttggcttctt cttcggtctc 900
tcgcactttg ctgttgagcg cgtgccatcg acggccacgt ggctcgagtc cacgatgatt 960
ggcaccatcg actggagcgg ctcctccgcc ttctgcggct acctttctgg cttcctcaac 1020
atccagatcg agcaccacat ggcgccacaa atgcccatgg agaacctccg acaaatccgg 1080
gctgactgca aggcttccgc cgagaagttt ggcctcccgt accgtgagat gtccttcctc 1140
gctgccgtca agctcatgat caacgggctc taccagaccg gcaaggagga gctgaagttg 1200
cgatcagatc ggcgcaaata ctcgcgtgca caggcctacc ttggtgcggc gagcgctgtg 1260
gttgagacgc tcaaggcgga ttga 1284。
2.如权利要求1所述的等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的克隆方法,其特征在于:
对已报道的Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶氨基酸序列进行比对,根据比对结果在保守区LQHMGGH和QIEHHMAP设计简并引物IsF1和IsR1;以提取的等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)总基因组DNA为模板,以IsF1/IsR1为引物,采用Touch-Down PCR方法扩增出保守区间对应的基因片段,克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序;通过构建等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)基因组步移文库,采用接头PCR和热不对称交错PCR扩增出等鞭金藻(Isochrysissphaerica)isfad4基因片段5’和3’端的侧翼序列;将获得的侧翼序列与之前得到的基因片段进行拼接,得到等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sphaerica)Δ4-脂肪酸去饱和酶基因的全长序列。
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