CN102549128B - 具有出色的低温性质的长链酯组合物 - Google Patents

具有出色的低温性质的长链酯组合物 Download PDF

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CN102549128B
CN102549128B CN201080042306.3A CN201080042306A CN102549128B CN 102549128 B CN102549128 B CN 102549128B CN 201080042306 A CN201080042306 A CN 201080042306A CN 102549128 B CN102549128 B CN 102549128B
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pour point
ester
astm
chain ester
polyalkylene glycol
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CN102549128A (zh
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马丁·R·格里夫斯
纳贾特·凯利吉
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
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Abstract

一种具有出色的低温性质的润滑剂或工艺流体组合物包含封端长链酯、聚α烯烃、合成酯和/或聚亚烷基二醇以及倾点降低剂。三种基础油加倾点降低剂的组合产生协同组合物：所述组合物可以具有低于-15℃，优选低于-35℃的倾点，同时还具有大于50重量％的可再生碳并且在多种应用中是经济的并且有效的。

Description

具有出色的低温性质的长链酯组合物
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是要求2009年9月24日提交的题为“具有出色的低温性质长链酯组合物(ESTOLIDE COMPOSITIONS HAVING EXCELLENT LOWTEMPERATURE PROPERTIES)”的美国临时专利申请号61/245,495的优先权的非临时申请，其教导通过引用结合在此，如同在下面完全再次给出一样。
背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及润滑剂和工艺流体领域。更具体地，它涉及基于脂肪酸油的酯的润滑剂和工艺流体，其可以被设计为具有低于-15℃并且甚至低于-35℃的倾点，并且因此适合于在这样的低温使用。
2.技术背景
当今的润滑剂(发动机和非发动机)以及工艺流体工业寻求生物可降解的材料。生物降解性意指润滑剂和工艺流体(在下文中“流体”)随着时间的流逝而降解，它可以通过如由经济合作与开发组织(Organization ofEconomic Co-Operation and Development)(OECD)颁布的那些测试测量，包括OECD 301B和OECD 301F。最近，对于不仅是生物可降解，而且是可再生的流体的关注不断增加。按定义，可再生产品含有高水平的可再生碳，并且正在设定鼓励不断增加地更高水平可再生性的标准。例如，EuropeanEcolabel现在要求液压流体必需含有至少50重量％可再生碳。
研究者尝试通过在他们的流体制剂中包含不同类型的天然油以满足对于生物降解性和可再生性两者的要求或推荐。特别有用的是天然酯，包括例如芥花油、葵花油、油菜籽油以及棕榈油，它们具有100％的可再生碳水平。不幸地，这些天然酯通常受到低温性能差的困扰。这体现在它们具有相对高的倾点，所述倾点为材料停止流动的最高温度，并且通常是由结晶引起的显著粘度增加的结果。因为天然酯典型地具有在0至-15摄氏度(℃)范围内的倾点，这些材料可能最终对于它们将暴露至这些温度，甚至更低的温度的情况下的很多应用将是无用的。天然酯具有的另一个问题是它们倾向于具有工业不适宜水平的热-氧化稳定性，这归因于它们的化学结构的酸部分内的不饱和性。
在一些情况下合成酯可以用作天然酯的备选。在一些情况下，合成酯可以具有非常低的倾点(低于-50℃)以及工业适宜水平的热-氧化稳定性。然而，大部分合成酯得自石油化工原料并且因此具有非常低的(低于50重量％)，并且甚至零的可再生碳水平。它们也比天然酯昂贵的多，并且因此对于很多应用可能不是经济上适宜的。
然而，尽管有这些挑战，对制备具有工业上适宜水平的生物降解性和可再生碳以及非常低的倾点，即，低于-15℃并且特别是低于-35℃的流体持续存在大量的激励。最近Caterpillar，Inc.，世界上最大的建筑和矿山设备、内燃机和天然气发动机，以及工业燃气轮机的制造商，发布了对于生物液压流体的技术规格“Cat BF-2”。该技术规格要求合格的流体具有低于-35℃的倾点，并且还要求这种流体满足European Ecolabel的要求并且因此含有至少50重量％可再生碳。流体制造商可能无法满足这种性质的技术规格，除非开发出新的流体制剂。考虑到这种倾向，本领域技术人员必需持续寻求提供适宜水平的生物降解性和可再生性的流体制剂，同时还提供低倾点以使得能够在低温使用，并且提供相对低的成本以确保经济性和/或商业生存能力。
发明概述
一方面本发明提供润滑剂或工艺流体组合物，所述组合物包含(a)封端长链酯；(b)聚α烯烃；(c)合成酯或聚亚烷基二醇；以及(d)倾点降低剂添加剂。可以设计这种组合物以获得低于-15℃的倾点温度，并且在特定实施方案中，低于-35℃，并且可以具有至少50重量％的可再生碳水平。
另一方面本发明提供制备润滑剂或工艺流体组合物的方法，所述方法包括使(a)封端长链酯；(b)聚α烯烃；(c)合成酯或聚亚烷基二醇；以及(d)倾点降低剂添加剂在适于形成该润滑剂或工艺流体组合物的条件下接触。
实施方案详述
本发明的组合物通常提供相对高水平的可再生碳(大于50重量％)，以及相对好的氧化稳定性、低温性质以及低生产成本。这样它们提供迄今尚不可得的工业选择。这些组合物包含组分的协同组合，它可以获得采用组合物的任何一个、两个或三个必需组分在不存在任意第四必需组分的情况下可能无法获得的倾点水平。四个必需组分是封端长链酯；聚α烯烃；合成酯或聚亚烷基二醇；以及倾点降低剂；如同本文在下面进一步讨论的。
封端长链酯
第一组分是封端长链酯，它充当第一基础油。该封端长链酯含有多于70重量％可再生碳。通常，“长链酯”是通过两个以上脂肪酸单元缩合以产生酯键形成的低聚脂肪酸。缩合典型地通过经由酸催化将羧酸部分加成至双键上而获得。
在本发明中，由仲羟基脂肪酸制备选定的长链酯，所述仲羟基脂肪酸低聚，与醇酯交换，并且之后封端。该封端长链酯的制备可以通过任何有效的方法进行。然而，在一个特定的并且非限制性的实施方案中，合适的封端长链酯可以通过包括以下各步的方法制备：(a)将12-羟基硬脂酸的甲酯低聚以形成低聚的甲酯；(b)将低聚的甲酯与支链醇酯交换以形成长链酯；以及(c)将长链酯用酸、酸酐或酯封端以形成所需的封端长链酯。
更详细地，首先使用含锡、钛或氮的催化剂将羟基化的脂肪酸化合物(例如，12-羟基脂肪酸，如12-羟基硬脂酸的甲酯)至少部分地均聚并将形成的甲醇移出。甲醇移除可以通过夹带剂、减压和/或氮喷射的方式完成。该步骤的结果是包含如下式1的化合物结构的低聚甲酯：
Figure BDA0000145927320000031
式1
其中R是含有6至12个碳原子的烷基，R1是氢或甲基，x是整数8至12，并且n是整数1至20。
接下来将低聚酯从残留的甲醇和/或夹带剂回收，并且之后与具有2至20个碳原子的支链醇反应。在某些适宜的和非限制性实施方案中，醇可以选自2-乙基己醇、2-(2-丁氧基丙氧基)丙-1-醇(DPnB)、1-辛醇和2-辛醇。在此处可以使用另外的含锡、钛或氮的催化剂，并且将所形成的甲醇移出，产生如下由式2表示的化合物结构表示的长链酯：
Figure BDA0000145927320000041
式2
其中R、x和n与上面定义的相同并且R2是含有1至20个碳原子的烷基。
这里可以将产物长链酯从过量醇和残留的甲醇回收，并且之后与酸、酸酐或酯反应以形成封端长链酯。在特定的实施方案中，可以使用式4的酸酐：
Figure BDA0000145927320000042
式3
其中R3与上面定义的相同。示例性的酸酐包括异丁酸酐。产物封端长链酯的结构可以由如下的式4表示：
式4
其中R、x和n与上面定义的相同，R2是含有1至20个碳原子的烷基，并且R3是含有1至12个碳原子的烷基。可以将封端长链酯从过量酸、酸酐或酯回收。
在某些非限制性实施方案中合适的封端长链酯可以具有低于-10℃的倾点，大于或等于150的粘度指数，大于25厘斯(cSt)(0.000025m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度(根据ASTM D445)，以及低于1毫克氢氧化钾/克(mg KOH/g)的总酸值。在特定的实施方案中，封端长链酯具有低于-30℃的倾点，以及适宜地大于35cSt(0.000035m2/秒)并且更适宜地大于45cSt(0.000045m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度。它还可以具有低于或等于10，优选低于8，更优选低于5，再更优选低于4，并且再更优选低于3的羟基数。
在进行所描述的方法制备在本发明的组合物中使用的封端长链酯时，本领域技术人员将能够容易地认识到合适的反应方案和条件。然而，应该注意的是用于第一步，即羟基化的脂肪酸化合物的部分均聚或低聚或缩合的步骤的温度，以及反应过程中形成的甲醇的共沸蒸馏的温度，为适宜地70℃至220℃，更适宜地120℃至210℃，并且再更适宜地180℃至200℃。
用于低聚酯和支链醇之间的反应的温度可以简单地通过70℃至220℃的温度完成，并且在某些特定实施方案为120℃至210℃，再更特别地180℃至200℃。支链醇适宜地以足以对于每摩尔当量的低聚酯提供至少一摩尔当量的醇的量存在。
长链酯的封端适宜地在温度80℃至160℃，更优选100℃至140℃，并且再更适宜地110℃至130℃进行。
关于在本发明中可用的封端长链酯的制备的附加教导可以在共同待决美国临时专利申请序列号61/224,532，2009年7月10日提交，代理人案号C-68，181中找到，其通过引用以其全部内容结合在此。
聚α烯烃
本发明的组合物的第二必需组分是聚α烯烃。聚α烯烃典型地由C8至C14烯烃制成，并且得到的通常为二聚体、三聚体、四聚体、五聚体等的组合。聚α烯烃提供第二基础油并且可以选自具有低于15cSt(0.000015m2/秒)的100℃运动粘度，低于100cSt(0.0001m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度，大于120的粘度指数，大于150℃的开罐闪点，以及低于-30℃的倾点的任意一种。运动粘度根据美国材料试验协会(American Society forTesting Materials)(ASTM)D-445测量，开罐闪点根据ASTM D-92测量，并且倾点根据ASTM D-97测量。在特定适宜的实施方案中，选定的聚α烯烃具有低于-60℃的倾点。实例可以包括异链烷烃合成NEXBASETM2004聚α烯烃，可得自比利时的Neste Oil N.V.；SYNFLUIDTM PAO-4，可得自Chevron Phillips；以及DURASYNTM 164，可得自Ineos GroupLimited。SYNFLUIDTM PAO-4具有4cSt(0.000004m2/秒)的100℃运动粘度和-69℃的倾点。DURASYNTM 164具有2cSt(0.000002m2/秒)的100℃运动粘度和低于-55℃的倾点。
合成酯和/或聚亚烷基二醇
第三基础油组分是合成酯、聚亚烷基二醇，或这两者。在选择合成酯的情况下，在某些特定实施方案中优选地的是材料具有大于10cSt(0.00001m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度(根据ASTM D-445)，低于-30℃的倾点(根据ASTM D-97)，最大0.2mg KOH/g的酸值，以及大于100的粘度指数。更适宜地，它具有大于25cSt(0.000025m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度，并且再更适宜地运动粘度大于40cSt(0.000040m2/秒)。在优选的实施方案中它可以是二碳酸酯。这些经由醇与二酸如己二酸的反应制备。实例可以包括SYNATIVETM ES DEHA，可得自Cognis。该二碳酸酯(己二酸2-乙基己酯)具有11.5cSt(0.0000115m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度，或者3.4cSt(0.0000034m2/秒)的100℃运动粘度，150的粘度指数，最大0.2mg KOH/g的酸值，每100g样品0.3g碘的碘值，以及-70℃的倾点。其他实例可以包括癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和己二酸二(异十三烷基)酯。还可以使用的是某些多元醇酯，如由新戊二醇或三羟甲基丙烷或季戊四醇与脂肪酸制备的那些。例如，三甲氧基丙烷三油酸酯，可在商品名SYNATIVETM ES TMP-05-H下得自Cognis，具有46cSt(0.000046m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度，最大0.2mgKOH/g的酸值，以及低于-40℃的倾点。还可以使用的是一元酸酯。这些可以通过一元酸如油酸与醇如异丙醇的反应制备。在该特定实例中，得到的将是油酸异丙酯。实例为PRIOLUBETM1406，可得自Croda。它具有5.3cSt(0.0000053m2/秒)的40℃运动粘度，221的粘度指数，最大0.2mgKOH/g的酸值，以及-25℃的倾点。
在选择聚亚烷基二醇的情况下，在某些适宜的实施方案中，选择这样的聚亚烷基二醇以使得：它与封端长链酯可混溶并且优选具有在15至100cSt(0.000015至0.0001m2/秒)的范围内的40℃运动粘度。在某些特定实施方案中，聚亚烷基二醇是在一元醇、二元醇或更多元醇上引发的聚丙氧基化物(100％环氧丙烷)；在一元醇、二元醇或更多元醇上引发的聚丁氧基化物(100％环氧丁烷)；环氧丙烷与环氧丁烷的无规或嵌段共聚物；或环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的无规共聚物。实例可以包括SYNALOXTM 100-20B、100-30B、100-40B或100-50B，可得自陶氏化学公司。备选的选择可以包括UCONTM LB-135、LB-165或LB-285，也可得自陶氏化学公司。全部这些产物基于使用环氧丙烷丙氧基化以使得聚合物含有100个环氧丙烷单体单元作为氧化物的一元醇引发剂(如丁醇)。通常可能适宜的是避免相对吸湿的聚合物和/或可能倾向于乳化长链酯的那些。
在单一制剂中采用合成酯和聚亚烷基二醇两者的特殊组合可以包括二碳酸酯(如SYNATIVETM ES DEHA)和丁醇引发的丙氧基化物(如SYNALOXTM 100-30B)。在这样的组合中所希望的是，在特定实施方案中，合成酯构成合成酯和聚亚烷基二醇的组合的相对大的部分，而聚亚烷基二醇构成相对小的部分。
倾点降低剂(PPD)
本发明的组合物的最后的必需组分是至少一种倾点降低剂(PPD)。PPD可以以很多形式商购，并且如本文所使用的该术语广泛地包括任何与本发明的流体制剂的一种或多种其他组分协同地作用以降低倾点的倾点降低剂。本申请中的协同作用被定义为将倾点降低至低于PPD自身的倾点或其他三个组合的组分(封端长链酯、聚α烯烃、合成酯和/或聚亚烷基二醇)的倾点的温度。在本发明某些实施方案中，PPD可以包括含羧基互聚物的酯，其商购自Lubrizol Corporation并且还详细描述在，尤其是，通过引用以其全部内容结合在此的美国专利5,338,471和5,413,725中。一个特定的实例是LUBRIZOLTM 7671A。在本发明中可用的其他PPD通常包括苯乙烯系聚合物和聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯。苯乙烯系PPD可以包括聚(苯乙烯-马来酸酯)。通常PPD通过干扰一种或多种基础油在低温的结晶起作用，导致在给定温度更少的和/或更小的结晶形成。这通常降低组合物整体的倾点。
附加组分
除了四种必需组分(合成酯和/或聚亚烷基二醇在一起被认为是一个组分)之外，在某些实施方案中，本发明的组合物可以包括在本领域传统用于适宜地改性所制备的润滑剂或工艺流体组合物的性质所使用的类型的附加组分。这可以包括，例如，抗氧化剂(例如，IRGANOXTM L101，可得自BASF的酚类抗氧化剂)；摩擦改性剂(例如，NALUBETM AW6110，来自King Industries的脂族磷酸酯的胺盐)；黄铜钝化剂(例如，IRGAMETTMTTZ，来自BASF)；粘度改性剂；防锈剂；抗磨剂；洗涤剂；着色剂；消泡剂；破乳剂；它们的组合；等。
制备和组成比例
通常适宜的是以本领域技术人员已知的在制备混合物中通常有效的任何方式将四种最低限度必需组分简单地接触或合并。任何混合物的均化是适宜的，以确保给定的间歇地、半连续地或连续地制备的组合物的性质的均匀性，以及尤其是倾点的均匀性并且从而低温度性能的均匀性。因此，旋转式混料机和其他类型的实验室和工业尺度混合装备可以在可能类型的工艺设备中选择。组分的混合可以在任何方便的条件下进行，但是对于大部分目的，环境温度和压力的条件是方便的、廉价的并且有效的。然而，在某些实施方案中温度可以在环境温度至60℃的范围内，并且适宜地足够高以确保实现组分在彼此中的溶解。还适宜的是，一旦完成溶解，当组分恢复环境温度和在暴露至任何所需的运输和/或储存过程中典型地遇到的条件时，可以将其不进行进一步处理地保持。
在比例上，适宜的是，在某些非限制性实施方案中，本发明的组合物包含70至80重量％的量的封端长链酯；8至12重量％的量的聚α烯烃；总量8至12重量％的合成酯和/或聚亚烷基二醇(并且在合并的情况下，适宜的是合成酯构成该组分的50至80重量％，聚亚烷基二醇为50至20重量％)；以及PPD 0.2至2重量％；全部基于全部组合物重量。
在包含附加组分的情况下，它们通常被以总量计低于5重量％采用，和/或基于相同基准各个的量在0.05至2重量％变化。
本发明的组合物可以应用于多种润滑剂和工艺流体应用，包括但是不限于用作机械和发动机曲轴箱油、液压流体、钻井流体、二冲程循环发动机油等。这些可以包括以下范围内的工艺上的应用：纺织品、食品、电子技术、发电、纸和纸浆、轮胎模塑、活性气体、波纹成形、化学处理、航空航天以及汽车，噪音/振动/声振粗糙度(NVH)和下引擎罩两者。
实施例
实施例1和2
封端长链酯由12-羟基硬脂酸的甲酯制成，通过使用配备有温度控制器、顶部搅拌器、电加热器和具有连接至真空/氮管线的水冷凝器的Dean-Stark装置的5升(L)玻璃反应器开始。向该反应器加入968.22克(g)(3.1摩尔)的甲基-12-羟基硬脂酸酯(M12HSA)、150克的壬烷和3.25g(0.5摩尔％(摩尔％)，基于M12HSA的摩尔数)锡(II)-2-乙基己酸盐以形成混合物。将混合物加热至200℃的设定点温度并在搅拌下保持在该温度四小时(hr)，通过与壬烷的共沸蒸馏移除所生成的甲醇。收集的全部甲醇量为52g(1.6摩尔)，等于54％缩合或46％残余的甲酯官能团，得到具有通过如下的式5表示的化合物结构的产物：
式5
之后将余下的壬烷在减压下移出并将反应器内含物冷却至135℃的设定点温度。将Vigreaux蒸馏柱放置在反应器与Dean-Stark装置之间，之后将303.56g(2.3摩尔)的2-乙基己醇(2-EH)和3.25g(0.008摩尔)的二辛酸锡(II)加入至反应器并且将反应器内含物在搅拌下在六小时内加热至190℃的设定点温度。将在该步骤的过程中形成的甲醇(36.3g，1.13摩尔)通过分馏从反应器内含物移出。
之后将反应器内含物在减压(50kPa)下蒸馏以移除经由分馏未移出的残留甲醇和任何过量2-乙基己醇。所得到的产物为通过如下的式6表示的化合物结构：
Figure BDA0000145927320000101
式6
之后将反应器内含物冷却至130℃的设定点温度，并且将220.5g(1.52摩尔)的异丁酸酐加入至反应器，并将反应器内含物冷却两小时。将过量异丁酸酐和在用异丁酸酐封端的过程中形成的酸在减压下移出。将减压保持两小时，之后将反应器内含物冷却至70℃的设定点温度，并将100毫升(mL)的0.5摩尔(M)碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)在水中的溶液在搅拌下加入至反应器。在搅拌下将设定点温度保持一小时，之后将水在减压下移出。将10g量的硅酸镁、5g的活性碳和10g的硫酸镁(MgSO4)在反应器中合并，之后使用涂布有80g的硅酸镁的滤纸过滤以产生具有通过如下式7表示的化合物结构的最终产物：
Figure BDA0000145927320000102
式7
下面的表1既括了终端封端长链酯的物理性质信息。
表1
之后将封端长链酯与聚α烯烃(NEXBASETM 2004)、合成酯(SYNATIVETM DEHA)或聚亚烷基二醇(SYNALOXTM 100-30B)以及倾点降低剂(PPD)(LUBRIZOLTM 7671A)以表2中所示的比例合并。NALUBETMAW6110(脂族磷酸酯的胺盐作为抗磨添加剂)、IRGANOXTM L101(酚类抗氧化剂)以及IRGAMETTM TTZ(黄铜钝化剂)也以表2中所示的量使用。这些组分在50℃在回转式搅拌机中混合1小时。根据ASTM D-97测试倾点，并且结果在表2中给出。
表2
  组成   实施例1   实施例2
  封端长链酯   77.65   77.65
  SYNATIVE DEHA(酯)   10   --
  SYNALOX 100-30B(PAG)   --   10
  NEXBASE 2004(PAO)   10   10
  LUBRIZOL 7671A   1   1
  NALUBE AW6110   0.25   0.25
  IRGANOX L101   1   1
  IRGAMET TTZ   0.1   0.1
  倾点，℃   -40   -40
--表示在制剂中不存在
实施例3-4和比较例1-2
制备用于根据ASTM D-97的倾点测试的样品。实施例3与上文中所示的实施例1相同。比较例1仅包含纯封端长链酯。比较例2包含封端长链酯、1％的量的LUBRIZOL 7671A PPD，合成酯SYNATIVE ES DEHA以及SYNALOX 100-30B的组合，后两种组分各自以10重量％的水平存在。比较例2不含有任何聚α烯烃。实施例4包含封端长链酯、1％的量的LUBRIZOL 7671A PPD、SYNALOX 100-30B聚亚烷基二醇以及NEXBASE 2004聚α烯烃的组合，后两种组分各自以10重量％的水平存在。
表3是对于四个样品中每一个的倾点的比较。
表3
 实施例3   比较例1   比较例2   实施例4
  倾点，℃  -40   -16   -31   -37
实施例5-7
使用对于实施例1和2描述的方法制备另外三个制剂。制剂在表4中给出。根据ASTM D-97测量倾点并且在表4中给出。
表4
  组成   实施例5   实施例6   实施例7
  封端长链酯   79   79   79
  SYNATIVE DEHA(酯)   10   10   --
  SYNFLUID PAO-4(PAO)   10   --   10
  DURASYN 164   --   10   --
  SYNALOX 100-30B   --   --   10
  LUBRIZOL 7671A   1   1   1
  倾点，℃   -40   -37   -31
--表示在制剂中不存在

Claims (9)

1.一种润滑剂或工艺流体组合物，所述组合物包含：
(a)封端长链酯，其中所述封端长链酯是由下式表示的化合物：
Figure FDA0000375889180000011
其中n是整数1至20；
(b)聚α烯烃，其中所述聚α烯烃选自：根据ASTM D-445在100℃的运动粘度低于5cSt(0.000005m2/s)，并且根据ASTM D-97的倾点低于-30℃的聚α烯烃；
(c)合成酯，其中所述合成酯根据ASTM D-445在40℃的运动粘度大于10cSt(0.00001m2/s)，并且根据ASTM D-97的倾点低于-30℃；或聚亚烷基二醇，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇与所述封端长链酯可混溶，并且所述聚亚烷基二醇根据ASTM D-445在40℃的运动粘度为15至100cSt(0.000015至0.0001m2/s)；以及
(d)倾点降低剂添加剂，其中所述倾点降低剂选自含羧基互聚物、苯乙烯系聚合物和聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯，
其中基于所述组合物的总重量，所述封端长链酯以在70至80重量％的范围内的量存在；所述聚α烯烃以在8至12重量％的范围内的量存在；所述合成酯或聚亚烷基二醇以在8至12重量％的范围内的量存在；并且所述倾点降低剂添加剂以在0.5至2重量％的范围内的量存在。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物，所述组合物具有低于-15℃的倾点。
3.权利要求2所述的组合物，所述组合物具有低于-35℃的倾点。
4.权利要求1所述的组合物，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇选自：在醇上引发的聚丙氧基化物和聚丁氧基化物；环氧丙烷与环氧丁烷的无规和嵌段共聚物；环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的无规共聚物；以及它们的组合。
5.一种制备润滑剂或工艺流体组合物的方法，所述方法包括在适于形成倾点低于-15℃的润滑剂或工艺流体组合物的条件下将以下各项混合在一起：
(a)封端长链酯，其中所述封端长链酯是由下式表示的化合物：
其中n是整数1至20；
(b)聚α烯烃，其中所述聚α烯烃选自：根据ASTM D-445在100℃的运动粘度低于5cSt(0.000005m2/s)，并且根据ASTM D-97的倾点低于-30℃的聚α烯烃；
(c)合成酯，其中所述合成酯根据ASTM D-445在40℃的运动粘度大于10cSt(0.00001m2/s)，并且根据ASTM D-97的倾点低于-30℃；或聚亚烷基二醇，其中所述聚亚烷基二醇与所述封端长链酯可混溶，并且所述聚亚烷基二醇根据ASTM D-445在40℃的运动粘度为15至100cSt(0.000015至0.0001m2/s)；以及
(d)倾点降低剂添加剂，其中所述倾点降低剂选自含羧基互聚物、苯乙烯系聚合物和聚甲基丙烯酸烷基酯。
其中基于所述组合物的总重量，所述封端长链酯以在70至80重量％的范围内的量存在；所述聚α烯烃以在8至12重量％的范围内的量存在；所述合成酯或聚亚烷基二醇以在8至12重量％的范围内的量存在；并且所述倾点降低剂添加剂以在0.5至2重量％的范围内的量存在。
6.权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述混合在环境温度至60℃的范围内的温度下进行。
7.权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述封端长链酯通过包括以下步骤的方法制备：
(a)将仲羟基脂肪酸低聚以形成脂肪酸低聚物；
(b)将所述脂肪酸低聚物与醇进行酯交换以形成长链酯；以及
(c)用酸、酸酐或酯将所述长链酯封端以形成封端长链酯。
8.权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述仲羟基脂肪酸是12-羟基硬脂酸的甲酯，并且所述醇是支链醇。
9.权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述倾点低于-35℃。
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