CN102548698B - 用于齿轮的倒角和/或去毛刺的设备 - Google Patents

用于齿轮的倒角和/或去毛刺的设备 Download PDF

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CN102548698B
CN102548698B CN201080043256.0A CN201080043256A CN102548698B CN 102548698 B CN102548698 B CN 102548698B CN 201080043256 A CN201080043256 A CN 201080043256A CN 102548698 B CN102548698 B CN 102548698B
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arbor
equipment
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axle
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CN102548698A (zh
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C·R·罗纳德
A·S·梅特尔斯基
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Gleason Works
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/623—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F17/00—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B23F17/006—Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the preceding groups using different machines or machining operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
    • B23F19/10—Chamfering the end edges of gear teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4876—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/488—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/56—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/60—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism
    • B23Q1/62—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides
    • B23Q1/621—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/625—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism two sliding pairs only, the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5104—Type of machine
    • Y10T29/5109—Lathe
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101113—Gear chamfering or deburring
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/101431—Gear tooth shape generating
    • Y10T409/105883—Using rotary cutter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/10—Gear cutting
    • Y10T409/10954—Work dividing or checking of work position or division
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • Y10T409/305712—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation and including means to infeed cutter toward work axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • Y10T409/305768—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation with linear movement of work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/309576—Machine frame
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2514—Lathe with work feeder or remover

Abstract

一种诸如切齿机或磨齿机的齿轮加工机(4)，其中倒角和/或去毛刺设备(2)和辅助心轴(10)包括在同一机器上。传送机构(8)装载、卸载工件并在机加工心轴(6)和辅助心轴(10)之间传送工件，由此能同时实施切削和倒角和/或去毛刺工艺。通过辅助心轴，在另一齿轮在机器心轴上加工的同时将完成的工件可从机器中移除，并可将毛坯工件装载到机器，由此加大机器产量并形成更有效率的操作。

Description

用于齿轮的倒角和/或去毛刺的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及齿轮和其它带齿制件的制造。具体来说，本发明涉及齿轮、特别是锥齿轮的倒角和/或去毛刺。
背景技术
在切削诸如锥齿轮以及特别是螺旋锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮之类的齿轮和其它带齿制件时，通常在切削刀具离开齿槽的齿端部处产生毛刺。毛刺在螺旋锥形环齿轮和小齿轮的凹入齿面的端部处尤为显著。不论在齿轮上的位置如何，毛刺都对安全和性能造成危害并因此必须去除。
还可理想地在包括齿顶端和齿根端的齿轮齿的一个端部或两个端部处提供倒角。在切削之后，尖锐角部通常存在于齿侧面、齿顶和/或齿根与正面和/或背面的相交部处，并且去除尖锐角部使操纵齿轮更安全并消除在热处理后硬度不可接受地高的潜在区域。
可在实际切削过程的各个时间和位置进行倒角。在本领域中已知单独的倒角机。例如从美国专利第7,431,544号或美国专利申请第2007/0020058号中已知当齿轮保持定位在切削机的工作心轴上的同时用转动刀具来对齿轮倒角和/或去毛刺。然而，这样倒角减慢特定机器的生产，这是因为必须等到齿轮被倒角和/或去毛刺之后才切削后续的工件。
美国专利第3,083,616号公开了提供一种在切齿机内与工件心轴相邻的倒角机，由此倒角与齿轮切削同时进行。当齿轮分度到下一齿槽位置以进行切削时，杆状的去毛刺刀具从缩回位置前进以对新切成的齿的边缘进行倒角。尽管这种布置可减少在机器上的非切削时间，但这种系统在修改倒角的尺寸、范围或形状方面灵活度较小。此外，公开的倒角机不能对由连续分度工艺(即，平面滚齿)生产的齿轮进行倒角。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种诸如切齿机或磨齿机的齿轮加工机，其中倒角和/或去毛刺设备和辅助心轴包括在同一机器上。传送机构装装载、卸载工件并在机加工心轴和辅助心轴之间传送工件，由此能同时完成切削和倒角和/或去毛刺工艺。通过辅助心轴，可在另一齿轮在机器心轴上加工的同时从机器中移除完成的工件并可将毛坯工件装上机器，，由此加大机器产量并形成更有效率的操作。
附图说明
图1是齿轮加工机的局部前视图，其示出工作心轴和本发明的具有辅助心轴的倒角和/或去毛刺设备。
图2是本发明的倒角和/或去毛刺设备和辅助心轴的侧视图。
图3是本发明的倒角和/或去毛刺设备和辅助心轴的前视图。
图4是齿轮加工机的局部前视图，其示出工作心轴、本发明的具有辅助心轴的倒角和/或去毛刺设备和处于工作位置的传送臂。
具体实施方式
在对本发明的任何特征和至少一种构造进行详细说明之前，应理解的是，本发明并不局限于将其应用至下面说明书所述或附图中所示的构造细节和部件布置。本发明能够呈其它构造，并能够以各种方式来实践或实施。还有，应理解的是，这里所用的措词和术语是为了说明的目的，而不应被认作为是限制性的。
在此使用“包括”、“具有”和“包含”及其变型意味着包含了下文所列的物件及其等效物以及附加的物件。尽管下文在描述附图时可参照诸如上、下、向上、向下、向后、底部、顶部、前、后等的方向，但出于方便可相对于附图(如通常所示)来进行参照。这些方向并不意在按文字上来取或以任何形式来限制本发明。此外，诸如“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等术语在此用于描述的目的，而并不意在指示或暗示重要性或意义的次序。
在本发明的上下文中，术语“锥”齿轮理解为包括称为锥齿轮、“准双曲面”齿轮、螺旋锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮以及称为“冠状”或“平面”齿轮的那些齿轮的充分范围。
在图1中示出本发明的倒角和去毛刺设备2。设备2较佳地作为齿轮加工机4的元件被包括，齿轮加工机较佳是如在美国专利第6,669,415号和第6,712,566号中所公开类型的切齿机或磨齿机，这些专利以参见的方式纳入本文。出于清楚和易于观察的原因，已略去外侧金属板和一些保护件。倒角和去毛刺设备2较佳地靠近切齿机或磨齿机4(下面参照切齿机来讨论)的工件心轴6定位。枢转传送臂8在工件心轴6和辅助心轴10之间传送工件，辅助心轴是倒角和去毛刺设备2的一部分，但辅助心轴10还可如下将要讨论那样具有除了倒角和去毛刺之外的效用。用于保持工件的三爪卡盘12示出为位于心轴10上，但也可以如本领域技术人员能理解那样采用其它合适的工件保持设备。示出工件心轴6，而没有工件保持设备。然而，本领域技术人员将理解到会根据待机加工的工件的几何形状来采用适当的工件保持设备。
图2示出用于倒角和去毛刺设备2和辅助心轴10的较佳布置。设备2包括刀架3、刀具心轴5和诸如倒角和去毛刺刀具的刀具14，该刀具14可绕刀具轴线T转动。刀具14由伺服电动机16驱动以转动。刀架3可由伺服电动机18驱动来绕枢转轴线P枢转。刀架3能在第一直线方向Y上沿安装到支柱22的导轨20运动，而该直线运动由伺服电动机24驱动。支柱22及因此刀架3能经由伺服电动机25在第二直线方向Z上运动(图3)。支柱22能在安装至机身28的导轨26上运动。尽管可采用诸如伺服电动机的其它类型的动力机，但机身28也能经由液压活塞32沿第三直线方向X在导轨30上运动。尽管还可设想相对于其它机器运动的附加定义的停止或协调运动，但液压活塞32较佳地使机身28在朝向刀架3(示出)的前进位置和远离刀架3的缩回位置之间运动。可使用伺服电动机代替液压活塞32使机身28运动。
辅助心轴10由伺服电动机34驱动以绕轴线A转动。辅助心轴10还经由伺服电动机38沿方向X在导轨36上作直线运动。替代地，辅助心轴10可被直接驱动。尽管X、Y和Z中的一个或多个方向可相对于其垂直定向倾斜，但方向X、Y和Z较佳地相对于彼此互相垂直。为了说明的目的，在所有附图中Y方向是沿垂向的。
由单独的驱动电动机24、25、38、18、16和34分别赋予刀架3沿方向Y的运动、支柱22沿方向Z的运动、辅助心轴沿方向X的运动、刀架3绕轴线P的枢转以及刀具14绕轴线T的转动和辅助心轴10绕轴线A的转动。上述部件能够相对于彼此独立运动或可彼此同时运动。每个对应的电动机较佳地与反馈装置关联，反馈装置诸如是作为计算机数值控制(CNC)系统一部分的直线或转动编码器、枢转轴线编码器40或Y方向编码器42(图2)，计算机数值控制系统根据输入到诸如Fanuc模型30i(未示出)的计算机控制器(即CNC)的指令来控制驱动电动机的操作。
关于将诸如待切削的毛坯工件的工件从机器4的外侧装载到辅助心轴10内，或者关于通过从辅助心轴10移除机加工好的工件——诸如经倒角和/或去毛刺的工件——而将该工件从机器4卸载，可以手动或经由自动化机构(例如，龙门架或机器人装载/卸载机构)来实现装载和卸载。
倒角和/或去毛刺的操作将从定位在心轴6上的毛坯工件(例如，具有柄的小齿轮)和定位在辅助心轴10上的相同类型的切削好的工件(例如，具有柄的小齿轮)的示例性起始参考点来描述。切削从位于心轴6上的毛坯工件开始，而倒角从位于辅助心轴10上的工件开始。倒角和去毛刺刀具14通过沿前述直线和/或转动方向X、Y、Z、P、T和A的一个或多个运动的组合来沿一路径相对于工件运动，由此在工件的齿上、在齿的端部处(例如在一侧或两侧、齿顶和/或齿根上)、在齿轮的正面和/或背面处产生期望的倒角面。另外，也可实施沿齿顶的长度方向的全部或部分的倒角。
一旦完成倒角，工件以上面讨论的方式从辅助心轴10上卸载并从机器4移除。然后，另一毛坯工件装载到辅助心轴10内。由于齿轮倒角过程通常比切削齿轮坯件的持续时间短，所以在倒角之后留有足够的时间来卸载完成的齿轮并随后将齿轮坯件装载到辅助心轴10内，而在此过程中仍在心轴6上进行齿轮坯件的切削。例如，具有11个齿的螺旋锥齿轮需要1分50秒的切削时间，而倒角仅需要约1分钟。因此，还可看到留有约50秒，在此时间段中可进行一个或多个另外的步骤和/或可从辅助心轴10卸载完成的齿轮，然后可将齿轮坯件装载到辅助心轴上。
因此，当完成切削时，传送臂8从其闲置位置(图4)向外致动(即，远离心轴6、10)并转动成通过夹持件48(在传送臂8的每端处有两个或更多个)同时夹紧心轴6上的切削好的齿轮44和辅助心轴10上的齿轮坯件46、从它们对应的心轴撤下两个工件、然后转动(在较佳实施例中约180度)成将坯件齿轮46送到工作心轴6以进行切削并将切削好的齿轮44送到辅助心轴10以进行倒角。然后，完成传送臂8的向内运动(即朝向对应心轴)，以将齿轮坯件46和切削好的齿轮44装载到它们对应的心轴内。一旦装好工件，传送臂8返回到如图1中所示的它的闲置位置。
可在心轴6和辅助心轴10之间包括诸如折叠型门的隔板或分隔件(未示出)以防止在心轴6上执行机加工操作的过程中金属切屑、磨削屑、加工流体等流入辅助心轴10周围的区域内。隔板或分隔件的操作可与传送臂8的操作相协调，因而当传送臂8处于其缩回位置(图1)时，隔板或分隔件伸出以形成单独的腔室，一个腔室包含心轴6，而另一腔室包含辅助心轴10。在传送臂8从其缩回位置轴向运动到操作位置时，隔板或分隔件缩回，由此允许在心轴6和辅助心轴10之间传送工件。
传送臂8较佳地由两个伺服电动机来驱动。第一伺服电动机50控制直线向外和向内运动以及主要取决于工件的几何形状的直线运动的范围，因为可理解到为了给比诸如锥形环齿轮的大多数设计之类没有轴的齿轮长的、诸如带有轴的锥形小齿轮的工件提供足够的间隙，较大的直线位移是必要的。另一伺服电动机(未示出)控制传送臂8的转动，以在心轴6、10之间交换工件并使它们与心轴6、10适当对准。尽管伺服驱动器是较佳的，但传送臂8的运动还可由诸如液压或气动装置的其它直线和转动驱动装置来完成。
在将带有轴的切削好的锥形小齿轮装载到辅助心轴10内以进行倒角时，可期望在装载之前或装载时使辅助心轴10轴向缩回一预定量，以在小齿轮的背面和卡盘12的正面产生间隔量(即，间隙)，从而允许倒角刀具14触及小齿轮背面以在与小齿轮的背面相交部处对齿的端部进行倒角。通过使辅助心轴10缩回一预定的控制量(经由伺服电动机32)，切削好的小齿轮的柄将不完全地插入卡盘12且将产生一预定尺寸的间隙用于进行倒角。当从卡盘12移除倒角好的齿轮时，装载小齿轮坯件，且小齿轮的轴可完全插入卡盘12，而该卡盘然后可轴向前进到与正在心轴6上进行切削的小齿轮平行的位置，由此两者可在完成切削之后同时由传送臂8来夹紧。
如前所述，除了倒角和/或去毛刺之外或替代地，还可在定位于辅助心轴10内的工件上实现其它工艺。例如，如果机器4是磨齿机并在心轴6上实施对之前切削好的齿轮的磨削，则辅助心轴10可用作旋转工位以从工件去除磨削流体。同样，还可在工件定位于辅助心轴10上时进行齿轮的测量。可利用与期望齿面几何形状的任何显著偏差来对在机器4上正在进行的切削或磨削加工进行加工校正，以试图减小或消除在后续工件上的这种偏差。另外，固定的去毛刺刀具可附连至刀架3或刀具心轴5并从其伸出。
替代地，辅助心轴10可在磨削之前用于对切削好的齿轮的原料进行划分。原料划分是在开始精加工(例如磨削)循环之前局部精加工好(例如，切削好)的齿轮相对于刀具(例如，磨削轮)的适当定位。一旦关于探测器或其它装置已知用于磨削切削好的工件相对于辅助心轴10的适当定位，可为定位在工作心轴6上的工件重复相对于磨削轮的同一相对定位。
尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了描述，但应当理解，本发明并不限于其特定形式。本发明旨在包括对本发明所属领域的技术人员显而易见的各种改型，而不偏离所附权利要求书的精神和范围。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于加工工件的设备，所述设备包括：
能沿第一方向运动的机身；
用于使工件绕工件轴线转动的工件心轴，所述工件心轴位于所述机身内并能沿所述第一方向运动；
支柱，所述支柱位于所述机身上且能沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向运动；
用于使刀具绕刀具轴线转动的刀具心轴，所述刀具心轴附连于所述支柱并能沿垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向的第三方向运动，所述刀具心轴能绕沿所述第三方向延伸的枢转轴线枢转；
所述设备包括第二工件心轴，所述第二工件心轴靠近所述工件心轴定位，并且所述设备还包括在所述工件心轴和所述第二工件心轴之间传送一个或多个工件的传送装置，由此能同时加工所述工件心轴上和所述第二工件心轴上的工件。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第一方向是水平的。
3.如权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述第二方向是水平的。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述机身的第一端部附连于导轨以使所述机身沿所述第一方向运动，且所述支柱能在所述机身的与所述第一端部相对的第二端部上运动。
5.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括定位在所述刀具心轴上的倒角和/或去毛刺刀具。
6.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，还包括定位在所述刀具心轴上的探测器。
7.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述工件轴线平行于所述第一方向延伸。
8.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述刀具轴线垂直于所述第三方向延伸。
9.如权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述传送装置包括可枢转传送臂。
10.一种用于加工设备上工件的方法，所述方法包括：
将工件装载到工件心轴上以绕工件轴线转动，所述工件心轴位于所述设备的具有所述工件心轴的机身内，且所述机身能沿第一方向运动；
使定位在刀具心轴上的刀具绕刀具轴线转动，所述刀具心轴附连于支柱，而所述支柱位于所述机身上并能沿垂直于所述第一方向的第二方向运动，所述刀具心轴能沿垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向的第三方向运动，所述刀具心轴能绕沿所述第三方向延伸的枢转轴线枢转，
转动所述刀具并使所述刀具和所述工件配合，
使所述刀具相对于所述工件沿所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向中的至少一个方向运动，从而以预定方式加工所述工件；
所述装载包括将工件从靠近所述工件心轴定位的第二工件心轴传送到所述工件心轴，并将所述工件装载到所述工件心轴上以通过第一工艺来加工。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述刀具是倒角刀具或去毛刺刀具。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述工件是齿轮。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括同时将另一工件从所述工件心轴传送到所述第二工件心轴和将所述另一工件装载到所述第二工件心轴上以通过第二工艺来加工。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
在所述第二工件心轴上切削齿轮；
将切削好的齿轮传送到所述工件心轴，而同时将齿轮坯件经由同一传送装置传送到所述第二工件心轴；
在所述第二工件心轴上切削所述齿轮坯件，同时在所述工件心轴上对所述切削好的齿轮倒角和/或去毛刺。
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