CN102540865A - High-precision time interval measurement method based on phase modulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision time interval measurement method based on phase modulation. Under the control of digital clock phase-shift, a path of high-frequency and low-jitter clock is transformed to N paths of clock signals having same frequency and fixed phase difference, and is taken as a counter reference clock; a counter is driven to count respectively in N paths of clock periods; two paths of clock signals, which have the smallest error, are extracted by utilizing the clock phase information; through the combination with the clock period and the counted values, the measurement valve of the time interval is worked out. Compared with the method using a single clock for counting, the high-precision time interval measurement method effectively reduces the measurement principle error, and can improve the measurement resolution ratio to 1/n of the reference clock. A measurement device is connected with a signal conditioning module, an FPGA module, a singlechip module and a display circuit module sequentially according to the signal processing order, and realizes high measurement precision, high measurement resolution ratio, high measurement speed, real time display, and stable and reliable work under a certain crystal oscillation frequency; and the integration in the FPGA is easy, and the expansion is flexible. The high-precision time interval measurement method can be used for measuring the speed in a high-speed motion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of time interval measurement, mainly relates to accurate measurement of intercept time of a high-speed moving object, and particularly relates to a high-precision time interval measurement method based on phase modulation. The method is used for speed testing in high-speed motion, or provides high-precision time interval measurement for the speed testing in the high-speed motion.
Background
In high velocity moving particle velocity testing, the time interval is a parameter that needs to be tested frequently. The time measuring instruments used for completing time interval measurement are more in types, but in the measurement of the high-speed moving particle speed, because the high-speed moving particle speed is high, the speed measuring distance is small, the speed measuring environment is complex, and the high-speed moving particle speed measuring instruments are easily interfered by electromagnetism and power supply fluctuation, compared with the timing under the common environment, the time measuring instruments for the high-speed moving particle speed test have higher requirements on response, precision, resolution and interference resistance. At present, various time measuring instruments at home and abroad have the following problems:
the time measuring instrument developed by adopting the direct counting method principle measures the time interval by a method of recording the number of oscillation pulses of the crystal oscillator, has simple working principle, large measuring range and good linearity, but the time measuring instrument can not obtain higher resolution.
The crystal oscillator frequency is output after being improved by adopting a frequency doubling method, the resolution and the precision of the time measuring instrument can be improved to a certain degree, but the frequency doubling is easy to have phase jitter and other phenomena, and the higher the frequency doubling coefficient is, the more obvious the jitter is, so that the application of frequency doubling is limited to a certain degree.
The analog interpolation method utilizes a capacitance charge-discharge technology to measure and amplify a tiny time interval, can obtain higher measurement precision theoretically, but has larger nonlinearity and is easy to be interfered by noise.
The vernier method has a working principle similar to that of a vernier caliper and is a digital extension method in essence. Theoretically, a chip realized by a vernier method can obtain high resolution, but the chip needs a high-stability startable oscillator and a high-precision coincidence detection circuit, and is high in price and complex in technology.
With the application and development of integrated circuits and programmable logic devices, delay interpolation techniques and phase shifting techniques are also widely applied to high-precision time interval measurement. The basic principle of the delay interpolation technique is to use the fixed delay of the electronic unit as a scale to realize the measurement of the time interval. The delay line method has simple structure, is easy for monolithic integration, can realize the measurement of tiny time intervals, and has the defects that the length of the delay line is required to be shorter and shorter along with the improvement of the measurement resolution, and when the measured time interval value is larger, the number of the delay lines is greatly increased. The basic principle of the phase shift technology is that n paths of clock signals with the same frequency and fixed phase difference are used as a counting clock to drive a counter, and the counting average value is taken as a final measurement result, so that the measurement resolution can be improved to 1/n of a reference clock.
Through the literature search of the applicant in a certain range, more closely related data are not found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of large time measurement error in the prior art, and provides a phase modulation-based high-precision time interval measurement method which can realize time interval precise measurement and real-time display under a certain crystal oscillator frequency, has high measurement resolution and high measurement speed, is high in measurement precision, high in measurement resolution and high in measurement speed, is easy to integrate and realize and is flexible to expand.
The technical solution to achieve the object of the present invention is illustrated as follows:
the invention relates to a high-precision time interval measuring method based on phase modulation, which converts a path of high-frequency and low-jitter clock into N paths of clock signals with the same frequency and fixed phase difference through clock digital phase shift control, takes the clock signals as a reference clock of a counter and drives the counter to count in N paths of clock cycles respectively, and the specific phase modulation and measuring process comprises the following steps:
step 1, filtering, amplifying and shaping signals generated by two zone cutting devices by using a signal conditioning circuit to obtain two square wave pulse signals with certain amplitude values, and then integrating the two square wave pulse signals to obtain a time interval signal T to be measured, wherein the T is a square wave pulse signal with certain width and steep edge;
the two signals generated by the section device are analog signals, one is a starting signal, the other is a stopping signal, the two signals are both recording signals passing through the section device, and the two signals need to be filtered, amplified and shaped in the processing process to form two square wave pulse signals with rising edges and falling edges, which are respectively used as a starting trigger signal and a stopping trigger signal of the time measuring instrument. For convenience of control, the two square wave pulse signals are integrated into a square wave pulse signal with a certain width and a steep edge, the square wave pulse signal is used as an enabling signal to control the start and stop of the time measuring instrument, and the square wave pulse signal is a time interval signal T;
And 4, comparing the N paths of multi-path clock signals with the time interval signal T respectively, and counting the clock signals of the complete period respectively.
Step 5, respectively comparing the N paths of clock signals with the time interval signal T, finding out or extracting a minimum interval signal of the two incomplete periodic signals, marking the minimum interval signal in the N paths of clocks as a path I and a path m, wherein l is more than or equal to 1 and less than m and less than or equal to N, and the phases of the rising edge and the falling edge of the time interval signal T and the minimum interval signal in the N paths of clock signals are respectively
Wherein,
is the signal phase with the smallest interval between the rising edge of the time interval signal T and the immediately following rising edge of the reference clock signal,
is the signal phase with the smallest interval between the falling edge of the time interval signal T and the immediately following rising edge of the reference clock signal.
Step 6, if the pulse count value of the mth path of complete period clock signal is NmThen the time interval measurement is
In the formula, TPThe N clock cycles of the multi-path clock with the same frequency and fixed phase difference are obtained.
In many occasions, it is necessary to measure the speed of an object moving at a high speed, and due to the high speed, the method usually adopted is as follows: within a certain distance which is known or accurately measured in advance, a section device is arranged on two boundary points of the distance, signals of the object moving at high speed passing through the two boundary points are recorded, a time interval of the object moving at high speed passing through the distance section is measured by a timer, and the ratio of the distance to the time interval is the moving speed of the object moving at high speed in the distance section.
The traditional pulse counting method counts the number of pulses in a complete period in a truncation time interval signal T, the product of the count value and a clock period is used as the value of the truncation time interval signal T, the time measuring method has a principle error of +/-1 clock period, and in the actual speed measuring process, the measurement of the time interval T has a large error, so that the speed measuring result is directly influenced, and particularly for the measurement of high-speed motion, a large speed measuring error can be brought by a small time error.
In order to reduce principle errors, the invention provides a high-precision time interval measuring method based on phase modulation through clock digital phase shift control. Therefore, the invention obtains a plurality of paths of clock signals with fixed phase difference after frequency multiplication, jitter removal and phase shift of an external clock, and respectively drives a counter to count pulses under the action of a time interval signal to be measured to obtain a group of count values. The accurate measurement method of the time interval is realized through the digital phase shift control of the clock.
In conventional time interval measurement, the start and stop signals of a high-speed moving object passing through the zone-chopping device are usually converted into a time interval measurement between two pulse signal edges in an electronic circuit, which inevitably has principle errors. In order to reduce principle error, the invention converts the traditional time measurement method based on high-speed clock counting intoTime measurements are made using multiple multiphase clocks. The clock signal is subjected to accurate digital phase shift to form N paths with the same frequency and phase differences in sequence
The multiphase clock signals of (1) are respectively used as reference clocks for N-channel time interval measurement, and are counted in respective clock cycles by a counter.
The invention is also realized in that: the counting set is a reference clock set { CLK } with same counting gate, i.e. time interval signal T, having same frequency and same fixed phase and sequential delay for N pathsiI is not less than 1 and not more than n. Or a series of regularly phased reference clock sets { CLK } obtained by time-interval signal T pairsiI is not less than 1 and not more than n.
After digital phase shift, clock is performed every otherA fixed delay τ is generated, knowing
Let Δ T2i、ΔT1iTo obey [0, TP) A uniformly distributed random variable, from which the measurement error can be derived as:
in the formula,. DELTA.taul、ΔτmThe principle error is counted for the pulse of the l path and the m path.
Will be Delta T1i(i is 1, …, n) are arranged in descending order, and the n numbers form an arithmetic progression with a tolerance τ. The 1 st term of the array is denoted as Δ T11And one of them satisfies a value of 0. ltoreq. DELTA.T11< tau, with a.DELTA.T of 0 or more21< tau, then
-τ＜Δτ＜τ
Namely, it is
Therefore, the time measurement resolution is changed from the original TPIs improved to
Theoretically, as long as the clock is stable enough and the jitter is small enough, the time measurement accuracy can reach several ps.
It can be seen that the technical scheme of the invention can further improve the measurement precision under the condition of not improving the frequency of the reference clock. And the technical means of clock phase shifting are numerous, and the realization is convenient and simple.
Because the invention processes the signal of the section device through the signal conditioning circuit, the time interval signal T is obtained. In the time interval of the time interval signal T, N paths of clock signals with the same frequency and fixed phase difference are adopted to drive a counter, two paths of clock signals with the minimum measurement error are extracted by utilizing the clock phase information, and the time interval measurement value is calculated by combining the period and the count value of the clock. Compared with the method adopting single clock counting, the obtained measured value effectively reduces the principle error of time interval measurement, and meanwhile, the system works stably and reliably.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. by adopting the digital phase shift control of the clock, the time interval measurement precision is effectively improved under the condition of not improving the reference frequency, and the requirements on the speed, the stability and the like of a device caused by using a high-frequency clock are reduced.
2. The measurement resolution is high, and the measurement speed is high. The invention adopts the method of pulse counting combined with phase shifting to finish the measurement of time intervals, has intuitive and clear principle, effectively reduces the principle error of pure clock counting, and improves the measurement precision and the resolution. The measurement resolution is increased to 1/n of the reference clock,
3. the high-precision time interval measuring method based on the phase modulation is easy to realize in a modularization mode and build in an integrated mode, and a circuit formed by the method is simple in structure and low in cost. In addition, within the working frequency range of the device, the effect of increasing the number of paths of the phase-shifting clock on improving the measurement precision is very obvious.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phase modulation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pulse counting method for measuring time intervals;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the high-precision time measurement overall structure based on the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1:
the invention relates to a high-precision time interval measuring method based on phase modulation, which is used for measuring the speed of a high-speed motion particle, is high-precision measurement which is often required in industrial control and national defense industry, and the measurement precision of the speed can be directly influenced by the measurement error of the distance and the time of the high-speed motion. For a long time, in the field of measurement, a time measuring instrument or a computer is used for timing as a time parameter to calculate the high-speed movement speed of a mass point, and timing errors are not considered and solved more. The invention provides a high-precision time interval measuring method which is realized based on phase modulation.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention converts an external high-precision clock into N clock signals with the same frequency and fixed phase difference through digital phase shift control of a clock, and the N clock signals are used as a reference clock of a counter to drive the counter to count in the N clock signals respectively, and the specific phase modulation and measurement process includes:
step 1, filtering, amplifying and shaping signals generated by two zone cutting devices by using a signal conditioning circuit to obtain two square wave pulse signals with certain amplitude values, and then integrating the two square wave pulse signals to obtain a time interval signal T to be measured, wherein the T is a square wave pulse signal with certain width and steep edge;
and 2, performing frequency multiplication and jitter removal on the external high-precision crystal oscillator 1 to obtain a high-frequency clock signal, and generating N paths of clock signals with the same frequency and fixed phase difference, or called reference clock signals, through phase shift control on the high-frequency clock signal, referring to fig. 2.
And 4, comparing the N paths of multi-path clock signals with the time interval signal T respectively, and counting the clock signals of the complete period respectively.
Step 5, respectively comparing the N paths of clock signals with the time interval signal T, finding out or extracting a minimum interval signal of the two incomplete periodic signals, marking the minimum interval signal in the N paths of clocks as a path I and a path m, wherein l is more than or equal to 1 and less than m and less than or equal to N, and the phases of the rising edge and the falling edge of the time interval signal T and the minimum interval signal in the N paths of clock signals are respectively
Wherein,is the signal phase with the smallest interval between the rising edge of the time interval signal T and the immediately following rising edge of the reference clock signal,
is the signal phase with the smallest interval between the falling edge of the time interval signal T and the immediately following rising edge of the reference clock signal.
Step 6, if the pulse count value of the mth path of complete period clock signal is NmThen the time interval measurement is
In the formula, TPThe N clock cycles of the multi-path clock with the same frequency and fixed phase difference are obtained.
Example 2
The high-precision time interval measuring method based on phase modulation is the same as that in embodiment 1, and based on the time interval measuring method of clock digital phase shift control, the invention also designs a high-precision time interval measuring device based on phase modulation, and referring to fig. 3, the measuring device comprises: the counting module, the display circuit module, the signal conditioning module, the FPGA module 2, the singlechip module 3 and the high-precision crystal oscillator 1, wherein a signal generated by the section device is connected with the signal conditioning module, the output of the signal conditioning module is connected with the FPGA module 2, a clock signal of the high-precision crystal oscillator 1 is connected with a special clock input end of the FPGA module 2, and the output of the FPGA module 2 is connected with the singlechip module 3; the external high-precision crystal oscillator 1 performs frequency multiplication and jitter removal under the action of a phase-locked loop inside the FPGA module 2 to obtain a high-frequency clock, N paths of clocks with the same frequency and fixed phase difference are generated inside the FPGA module 2 through phase shift control, the multiple paths of clocks respectively drive a counter to perform pulse counting in respective clock periods, an obtained counting value is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer module 3 through the FPGA module 2, data processing is performed in the single chip microcomputer module 3, a calculation result is transmitted to the display circuit module 4, and real-time measurement and display of a time interval measurement value are achieved.
The working process is that the signal conditioning module filters, amplifies and shapes the signal generated by the area cutting device to obtain a standard signal which can be identified by the FPGA module 2. The external high-precision crystal oscillator 1 performs frequency multiplication and jitter removal under the action of a phase-locked loop in the FPGA module 2 to obtain a high-frequency clock, then generates multiple clocks with the same frequency and fixed phase difference through phase shift control, and respectively drives the counters to perform pulse counting in respective clock periods. The obtained count value is transmitted to the singlechip module 3 through the FPGA module 2, necessary data processing is carried out in the singlechip module 3, the obtained calculation result is sent to the display circuit module 4, and real-time display of the time interval measurement value is realized.
The external high-precision crystal oscillator 1 adopts a 50MHz high-precision crystal oscillator; the FPGA module selects EP3C16Q FPGA of Altera corporation CycloneIII series; the single chip microcomputer adopts MSP430F 149; the single chip microcomputer adopts MSP430F149, so that the problem of level conversion between the FPGA and the single chip microcomputer is avoided. The display circuit module adopts MAX7219 serial interface 8-bit LED display driver.
The invention effectively improves the measurement precision of the time interval signal T which is the starting and stopping time signal obtained by the section device under the condition of not improving the reference frequency, and reduces the requirements on the speed, the stability and the like of the device caused by using a high-frequency clock. In addition, in the working frequency range of the device, the effect of improving the measurement precision is obvious by increasing the number of paths of the phase-shifting clock and the number of N.
Example 3
The high-precision time interval measuring method and device based on phase modulation are the same as the embodiments 1-2, and the work of the invention is further described in detail with the attached drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the signal conditioning module of the present invention obtains a time interval signal T by filtering, amplifying, shaping, and integrating the signal generated by the section device, that is, the processed time interval signal T is a standard signal that can be recognized by the FPGA module 2. The external high-precision crystal oscillator 1 performs frequency multiplication and jitter removal under the action of a phase-locked loop in the FPGA module 2 to obtain a high-frequency clock, then generates multiple clocks with the same frequency and fixed phase difference through phase shift control, and respectively drives the counters to perform pulse counting in respective clock periods. The obtained count value is transmitted to the singlechip module 3 through the FPGA module 2, necessary data processing is carried out in the singlechip module 3, the obtained calculation result is sent to the display circuit module 4, and real-time display of the time interval measurement value is realized.
The external high-precision crystal oscillator 1 adopts a 50MHz high-precision crystal oscillator as a working clock of the FPGA, and simultaneously, in order to stabilize the output frequency of the crystal oscillator, LC filtering is adopted to filter a crystal oscillator power supply, so that the interference is reduced as much as possible. EP3C16Q FPGA of Altera corporation CycleIII series has abundant clock resources, 4 phase-locked loops are embedded, the work of clock phase shift can be conveniently completed, and an EPCS16 is adopted for a configuration chip. In order to be compatible with the output level of the port of the FPGA, the single chip microcomputer adopts MSP430F149, and the problem of level conversion between the FPGA and the single chip microcomputer is solved. The display circuit module adopts an MAX7219 serial interface 8-bit LED display driver, so that real-time display of a measurement result is facilitated.
The invention can further improve the measurement precision of the time interval and reduce the requirements on the speed, the stability and the like of the device caused by using a high-frequency clock under the condition of not improving the frequency of the reference clock. In addition, the high-precision time interval measuring method based on phase modulation is easy to realize in FPGA, flexible in expansion and high in integration level, and can be widely applied to the field of high-precision time interval measurement such as speed measurement of high-speed particles.
Example 4
The high-precision time interval measuring method and device based on phase modulation are the same as those in the embodiments 1-3, the invention utilizes Mega Wizard in an FPGA design tool Quartus II to customize a phase-locked loop (PLL), an external 50MHz clock is connected to an inclk0 end of the PLL0 through an FPGA dedicated pin, the PLL0 multiplies the frequency of the clock to 250MHz and outputs 3 paths of the clock as a reference clock to the PLL1, the PLL2 and the PLL 3; the PLLs 1-3 are connected in parallel through an FPGA internal global clock line, and the inclk0 input end of each PLL is respectively connected with c 0-c 2 of the PLL 0; the 3 PLL control signals are identical, but the phase setting of the 5 output clocks in each PLL is different, and the 5 output clocks are sequentially increased by 22.5 degrees, and then a path of 337.5-degree phase shift clock of the PLL0 is added to form 16 paths of phase shift signals. The invention realizes the accurate measurement and real-time display of the time interval, is easy to carry out monolithic integration in the FPGA and is flexible to expand.
Example 5
The high-precision time interval measuring method and device based on phase modulation are the same as the embodiments 1-4,
the frequency of the high-precision crystal oscillator with 50MHz is doubled to 250MHz through an FPGA phase-locked loop, and then 16 paths of phase-shifting signals are obtained through phase control. Under the action of a signal with a fixed pulse width, each path of clock is controlled to count in each clock period, and the following count values are obtained:
table 116 phase-shift clock count
It can be seen from the table that the resolution is 4ns when a single clock is used for measurement, and the measurement result can be obtained by adopting the phase modulation time measurement principle
The resolution is 0.25 ns.
Example 6:
high-precision time interval measuring method and measuring device based on phase modulation embodiments 1-5 simultaneously,
in the speed measurement test of the high-speed moving particles, the speed measurement error is determined by the distance error and the time measurement error of the zone-cutting device. The distance error in the test is determined by the measuring instrument, and usually Δ s is 0.02 mm. When the projectile muzzle speed is 1000m/s and the distance of the zone-cutting device is 20mm, the time interval for the high-speed moving particles to fly through the zone-cutting device is 20 us. If the accuracy of the time measuring instrument is delta t is 10-6s, is prepared from
The speed measurement error is 4.9%; if a time measuring instrument developed by a phase modulation principle is adopted, the measurement accuracy delta t is 250ps, and the speed measurement error can be calculated to be 0.1%. Therefore, the high-precision time measuring instrument can effectively improve the speed measuring precision.
In summary, the present invention provides a novel high-precision time interval measurement method, which uses multi-path multi-phase clocks for measurement. Through the digital phase shift control of the clock, a path of high-frequency and low-jitter clock is converted into N paths of clock signals with the same frequency but fixed phase difference, and the N paths of clock signals are used as the reference clock of the counter to drive the counter to count in respective clock periods. Using the same countGate (start/stop) pairs obtain a series of regularly phased reference clock sets { CLKiI is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N to obtain N count values NiTwo paths of signals with the minimum time interval between the rising edges of the starting signal and the stopping signal and the rising edge of the next reference clock can be extracted and recorded as the 1 st path and the mth path, and l is more than or equal to 1 and less than m and less than or equal to n. The phases of the two signals are respectively
If the pulse count value of the mth clock is NmThe time interval measurement is calculated by
The invention effectively improves the measurement precision of the time interval without improving the reference frequency, and reduces the requirements on the speed, the stability and the like of the device caused by using a high-frequency clock. The measurement resolution is high, the measurement speed is high, and the principle error of pure clock counting is effectively reduced. Easy modularization realization, easily integrate the construction, the circuit simple structure who forms from this, it is with low costs. In addition, within the working frequency range of the device, the effect of increasing the number of paths of the phase-shifting clock on improving the measurement precision is very obvious.
Claims (2)
1. A high-precision time interval measuring method based on phase modulation is characterized in that: through the digital phase shift control of clock, convert an external high accuracy clock into N way of the same and multichannel clock signal that has fixed phase difference of frequency to this is as the reference clock of counter, and drive counter counts respectively in N way clock signal, and specific phase modulation and measurement process includes:
step 1, filtering, amplifying and shaping signals generated by two zone cutting devices by using a signal conditioning circuit to obtain two square wave pulse signals with certain amplitude values, and then integrating the two square wave pulse signals to obtain a time interval signal T to be measured, wherein the T is a square wave pulse signal with certain width and steep edge;
step 2, the external high-precision crystal oscillator 1 performs frequency multiplication and jitter removal to obtain a high-frequency clock signal, and the high-frequency clock signal is subjected to phase shift control to generate N paths of clock signals with the same frequency and fixed phase difference;
step 3, driving counters respectively by using the obtained N paths of clock signals in the time interval signal T to be measured to obtain respective corresponding count values to form a count set;
step 4, comparing the N paths of clock signals with the time interval signals T to be measured respectively, and counting the clock signals of the complete period respectively;
step 5, N paths of clock signals are respectively compared with the time interval signal T and find out the minimum interval signal in the two incomplete periodic signals, the minimum interval signal in the N paths of clocks is recorded as the path I and the path m, l is more than or equal to 1 and is more than or equal to m and is less than or equal to N, the phases of the rising edge and the falling edge of the time interval signal T and the minimum interval signal in the N paths of clock signals are respectively
Wherein,
is the signal phase with the smallest interval between the rising edge of the time interval signal T and the immediately following rising edge of the reference clock signal,
is the signal phase with the smallest interval between the falling edge of the time interval signal T and the immediately following rising edge of the reference clock signal;
step 6, if the pulse count value of the mth path of complete period clock signal is NmThen the time interval measurement is
In the formula, TPIs frequency ofThe clock periods of the N clocks having a fixed phase difference are the same.
2. The phase modulation based high precision time interval measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the counting set is a reference clock set { CLK } which is formed by sequentially delaying N paths of signals with the same frequency by using the same counting gate, namely a time interval signal T and has the same fixed phaseiI is not less than 1 and not more than n.
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