CN102523923B - Method of straw mushroom cultivation with pure banana leaves - Google Patents
Method of straw mushroom cultivation with pure banana leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN102523923B CN102523923B CN 201210010455 CN201210010455A CN102523923B CN 102523923 B CN102523923 B CN 102523923B CN 201210010455 CN201210010455 CN 201210010455 CN 201210010455 A CN201210010455 A CN 201210010455A CN 102523923 B CN102523923 B CN 102523923B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technique of straw mushroom cultivation with pure banana leaves, which includes material preparation, material soaking, draining, material spreading for seeding, spore germinating, mushroom harvesting, and management of primary-batch mushrooms and tertiary-batch mushrooms, wherein a wild straw mushroom strain Vb separated from a banana pseudostem by purification to be cultivated on banana leaves. Compared with the prior art, the technique uses simple production materials, needs no measures such as sterilization and the like, and uses only pure banana leaves to enable straw mushrooms to germinate and grow normally, the mushrooms grown are full and good-shaped, and the technique has biological efficiency more than 20%. Use of the technique consumes no energy source, management is simple and convenient, production cycle is short, effect is quick, and input-output ratio is high. In addition, waste resources are fully utilized, shortage of raw materials is relieved, environment is protected, farmland fertility is improved, farmer's income is increased, and the technique has positive practical significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize a kind of application technology of discarded object Banana Leaf culturing edible fungus, be specifically related to a kind of method of pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom, belong to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
The straw mushroom formal name used at school
Volvariella volvacea(Bull.ex Fr.) Sing, another name Volvariella volvacen, delicious luxuriant pin mushroom, China mushroom, Nanhua mushroom are one of the world's four large culturing edible fungus, also are one of leading kinds of edible mushroom of China's In Guangdong Province.The straw mushroom delicious flavour, nutritious, have good health-care effect.
Straw mushroom happiness temperature, happiness are wet, grow in the herbaceous stem saprophytic bacteria on the gramineae grass such as straw or the fiber waste-materials such as cotton, fiber crops summer.The present primary raw material of the production of straw mushroom is waste cotton and straw.But along with raw-material in short supply, these are the also rise in price of catchpenny material originally, has caused the raising of production cost, has suppressed the straw mushroom enthusiasm for production of mushroom farming.
Banana Leaf is the discarded object that produces after the banana results, contains the abundant materials such as fiber.According to incompletely statistics, China has 2325.05 ten thousand tons banana refuse abandoned every year approximately.Utilize banana stem leaves to replace waste cotton and straw cultivating straw mushroom, not only can take full advantage of the banana waste resource, save cost, turn waste into wealth, protection of the environment, and also straw mushroom output and the quality produced be improved, and cost is lower, has good development prospect.Yet; the existing technology of utilizing the Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom; its in batching except banana stem leaves; usually also need to add the raw materials such as a certain proportion of cow dung, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, lime, calcium carbonate jointly as composts or fertilisers of cultivating; in the cultivation production process of reality; the operation such as also need sterilize, method is loaded down with trivial details, step is consuming time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom, this culture technique is to utilize that a separation and purification wild straw mushroom bacterial strain Vb out cultivates at Banana Leaf from the banana caulo, this culture technique is take pure Banana Leaf as raw material, delime need not to add other raw material outward, need not to take other sterilization measures, utilize pure Banana Leaf can make straw mushroom normally send out bacterium, normal fruiting, and the mushroom body that produces is full, morphological characters is good, and the biological efficiency more than 20% is arranged.
For addressing the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method of pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom, comprise get the raw materials ready, raw material soaking, draining, stone sowing, send out bacterium, adopt mushroom and the second damp mushroom, the management of the 3rd damp mushroom, its concrete grammar and step are as follows:
(1) get the raw materials ready: collect Banana Leaf or the fresh Banana Leaf done and dry, for subsequent use;
(2) near raw material soaking: the orchard or outdoorly dig a pond, or build a pond, or have a large basin, with the ready Banana Leaf of step (1) and the hydrated lime in powder ratio in 20:1, replace in the pond according to one deck Banana Leaf one deck hydrated lime in powder, pond or large basin middle berth are good, and every one deck all will be treaded, work as the pond, stone height distance pond in pond or the large basin or pond upper along on 9-10cm or the large basin of distance during along 3-5cm, at stone surface weighting material, then to the pond, pour water in pond or the large basin, institute's priming charge floods Banana Leaf, and Banana Leaf was soaked 24～48 hours;
(3) draining: Banana Leaf is pulled out and is soaked sufficient Banana Leaf after soaking and finishing, and drains unnecessary water, is not continuous shape as degree take current, obtains the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining;
(4) stone sowing:
1) ground floor stone, sowing: the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that on milpa, spreads first step (3) acquisition of thick layer 10cm, wide 100cm, compacting, leveling, with this as the ground floor stone, then under open environment, sow, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification around the ground floor stone, the middle part is not sowed;
2) second layer stone, sowing: the step (3) of ground floor stone upper berth thick layer 4-6cm, wide 90cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill thin water one time after compacting, the leveling,, then sow as second layer stone with this, type of seeding is identical with the ground floor stone;
3) the 3rd layer of stone, sowing: the step (3) of second layer stone upper berth thick layer 4-6cm, wide 80cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill thin water one time after compacting, the leveling,, then sow as the 3rd layer of stone with this, type of seeding is identical with second layer stone;
4) determining of the number of plies of stone: pre-coated layer is several to be determined according to milpa season at that time: milpa is that southern area and planting time are 3,4,11, during December, the stone number of plies is four ~ five layers, milpa is that southern area and planting time are 5,6,7,8,9, during October, the stone number of plies is two ~ three layers; Milpa is that northern area and planting time are 4 and during October, and the stone number of plies is five layers, and milpa is that northern area and planting time are 5,6,7,8, during September, and the stone number of plies is three ~ four layers; The thickness of each layer stone, width requirement later layer stone identical with the 3rd layer of stone all dwindles 10 cm than front one deck stone behind the 3rd layer of stone;
5) last one deck stone, sowing: when finishing last one deck stone, in the end on one deck stone, perfuse bacterial classification, spread thinly again the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that one deck step (3) obtains, then evenly spill thin water one time;
6) seeding quantity: by total seeding quantity 450-500g/m
2Finish the sowing to each layer stone, obtain postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating, last overlay film;
(5) send out bacterium: stone after planting 1-4 days is not arbitrarily moved postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating for sending out a bacterium initial stage, does not arbitrarily raise film, and film one side is raised, the former basic formational situation of observation straw mushroom gently for a bacterium later stage in after planting 5-6 days of stone;
(6) adopt mushroom: send out bacterium and saw button shape mushroom in 7-8 days, it is the first damp mushroom, adopt mushroom when the fruit body when 80 ~ 90% enters the avette phase or adopt mushroom according to planting time, pin the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of mushroom body below when adopting mushroom with proficiency, on the other hand the mushroom body is rotated gently and take, all mushroom body disposables have been adopted, be beneficial to the generation of lower damp mushroom;
The management of (7) second damp mushrooms, the 3rd damp mushroom:
1) management of the second damp mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, in the middle of outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be had water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating to get final product to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, and overlay film was then received the second damp mushroom in 6-7 days behind overlay film; Umbrella occurs as there's something fishy behind the first damp mushroom, namely stops the management work of the second damp mushroom;
2) management of the 3rd damp mushroom: when the second damp mushroom still has the management of namely determining to carry out the 3rd damp mushroom more than or equal to 8% biological efficiency, otherwise stop to carry out the management work of the 3rd damp mushroom; When carrying out the management of the 3rd damp mushroom, the management method of the 3rd damp mushroom is identical with the management of the second damp mushroom.
Its cultivar origin of Banana Leaf in described method and the step (1) is banana or plantain kind.
Bacterial classification described in described method and the step (4) is a kind of wild straw mushroom bacterial strain that separation and purification goes out from the banana caulo: straw mushroom Vb.
Thin water described in described method and the step (4) is little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface.
The determining of pre-coated layer number in described method and the step (4): when milpa was Guangdong Province's most areas, the stone number of plies was: 3,4,11, December four ~ five layers of stones, 5,6,7,8,9, October two ~ three layers of stones; After the 3rd layer, the 4th, the thickness of each layer of layer 5 stone, width requirement later layer stone identical with the 3rd layer of stone all dwindle 10 cm than front one deck stone.
Stone described in described method and the step (4) sowing is when spacious milpa without sheltering from heat or light carries out, and behind overlay film, also need to cover shading rate greater than 50% shading net above milpa.
Adopting mushroom according to planting time described in described method and the step (6) refers to: planting time is 5,6,7,8,9, during October, adopts mushroom in 8-9 days, and planting time is 3,4,11, during December, adopts mushroom in 9-10 days.
The present invention with respect to the beneficial effect of prior art is:
(1) method of utilizing pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention is to utilize a separation and purification wild straw mushroom bacterial strain out from the banana caulo in inventor early stage: straw mushroom Vb(Liu Yue-Lian, Lu Qing-Fang. Identification and cultivation of a wild mushroom from banana pseudo-stem sheath.Scientia Horticulturae. 129:922 – 925) cultivates at Banana Leaf, this culture technique is take pure Banana Leaf as raw material, delime need not to add other raw material outward, need not to take other sterilization measures, utilize pure Banana Leaf can make straw mushroom normally send out bacterium, normal fruiting, and the mushroom body that produces is full, morphological characters is good, and the biological efficiency more than 20% is arranged;
(2) method of pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom of utilizing of the present invention can be utilized discarded Banana Leaf, and producing can be for the human high protein that directly eats; Use present technique, do not consume the energy, simple and convenient management, with short production cycle, just can adopt mushroom in 8-10 days, instant effect, input-output ratio is high, can reach 1: 2 ~ 3;
(3) enforcement of the method scheme of utilizing pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention to abundant Banana Leaf resource, alleviate raw material pressure in short supply, protection of the environment, raising farmland fertility; improve farmers' income, promote the aspects such as the sexual development held of banana industry all to have positive meaning.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment only are used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1Adopt the method for pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention, adopt following raw materials according and follow these steps to utilize pure Banana Leaf to carry out Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
1, raw material: dried Banana Leaf, hydrated lime in powder, 5% limewash; Bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb is provided by agricultural college of Guangdong Ocean University.
2, step:
(1) get the raw materials ready: collect the Banana Leaf of doing, for subsequent use;
(2) near raw material soaking: the orchard, dig a pond, with the ready Banana Leaf of step (1) and the hydrated lime in powder ratio in 20:1, alternately in the pond, complete according to one deck Banana Leaf one deck hydrated lime in powder, and every one deck all will be treaded, when on the stone height distance pond in the pond during along 9cm, at stone surface weighting material, then in the pond, pour water, institute's priming charge floods Banana Leaf, and Banana Leaf was soaked 24 hours;
(3) draining: Banana Leaf is pulled out and is soaked sufficient Banana Leaf after soaking and finishing, and drains unnecessary water, is not continuous shape as degree take current, obtains the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining;
(4) stone sowing: milpa is in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and planting time is June, adopts the stone number of plies: three layers; By total seeding quantity: 470g/m
2Prepare bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb; Carry out stone, sowing by following method and step:
1) ground floor stone, sowing: the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that on milpa, spreads first step (3) acquisition of thick layer 10cm, wide 100cm, compacting, leveling, with this as the ground floor stone, then under open environment, sow, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along the ground floor stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
2) second layer stone, sowing: the step (3) of ground floor stone upper berth thick layer 5cm, wide 90cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as second layer stone, then sowing, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along second layer stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
3) the 3rd layer of stone, sowing: at second layer stone upper berth thick layer 5cm, the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that the step of wide 80cm (3) obtains, compacting, evenly spill little drop-shaped after the leveling one time, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface, with this as the 3rd layer of stone, then on the 3rd layer of stone, perfuse front two-layer stone remaining straw mushroom Vb bacterial classification after planting, spread thinly again the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that one deck step (3) obtains, then evenly spill little drop-shaped one time, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface, obtain postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating, last overlay film;
(5) send out bacterium: stone after planting 1-4 days is not arbitrarily moved postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating for sending out a bacterium initial stage, does not arbitrarily raise film, and film one side is raised, the former basic formational situation of observation straw mushroom gently for a bacterium later stage in after planting 5-6 days of stone;
(6) adopt mushroom: sending out a bacterium and saw button shape mushroom on the 7th day, is the first damp mushroom, observes 80% fruit body and enters the avette phase, adopts mushroom; With the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of pinning on the other hand mushroom body below, the mushroom body is rotated gently take on the other hand when adopting mushroom, all mushroom body disposables have been adopted, be beneficial to the generation of lower damp mushroom;
The management of (7) second damp mushrooms, the 3rd damp mushroom:
1) management of the second damp mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, in the middle of outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be had water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating get final product to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, overlay film then, the 6th day receipts the second damp mushroom behind overlay film;
2) management of the 3rd damp mushroom: after measured, the second damp mushroom biological efficiency is 25%, therefore carry out the management management method of the 3rd damp mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into middle, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be had water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating get final product to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, overlay film then, the 7th day receipts the 3rd damp mushroom behind overlay film.
Embodiment 2Adopt the method for pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention, adopt following raw materials according and follow these steps to utilize pure Banana Leaf to carry out Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
1, raw material: fresh Banana Leaf, hydrated lime in powder, 5% limewash; Bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb is provided by agricultural college of Guangdong Ocean University.
2, step:
(1) get the raw materials ready: fresh Banana Leaf is dried, for subsequent use;
(2) raw material soaking: build a pond outdoor digging, with the ready fresh Banana Leaf that has dried of step (1) and the hydrated lime in powder ratio in 20:1, alternately in the pond, complete according to fresh Banana Leaf one deck hydrated lime in powder that one deck has dried, and every one deck all will be treaded, on the stone height distance pond in the pond, along 10cm, at stone surface weighting material, then in the pond, pour water, institute's priming charge floods Banana Leaf, and Banana Leaf was soaked 36 hours;
(3) draining: Banana Leaf is pulled out and is soaked sufficient Banana Leaf after soaking and finishing, and drains unnecessary water, is not continuous shape as degree take current, obtains the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining;
(4) stone sowing: milpa is in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and planting time is March, adopts the stone number of plies: four layers; By total seeding quantity: 450g/m
2Prepare bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb; Carry out stone, sowing by following method and step:
1) ground floor stone, sowing: the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that on milpa, spreads first step (3) acquisition of thick layer 10cm, wide 100cm, compacting, leveling, with this as the ground floor stone, then under open environment, sow, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along the ground floor stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
2) second layer stone, sowing: the step (3) of ground floor stone upper berth thick layer 4cm, wide 90cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as second layer stone, then sowing, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along second layer stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
3) the 3rd layer of stone, sowing: the step (3) of second layer stone upper berth thick layer 4cm, wide 80cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as the 3rd layer of stone, then sowing, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along the 3rd layer of stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
4) the 4th layer of stone, sowing: at second layer stone upper berth thick layer 4cm, the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that the step of wide 70cm (3) obtains, compacting, evenly spill little drop-shaped after the leveling one time, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface, with this as the 4th layer of stone, then perfuse the after planting remaining bacterial classification of finishing the three first layers stone at the 4th layer of stone: straw mushroom Vb, spread thinly again the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that one deck step (3) obtains, then evenly spill little drop-shaped one time, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface, obtain postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating, overlay film covers shading rate and is 50% shading net again above milpa;
(5) send out bacterium: stone after planting 1-4 days is not arbitrarily moved postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating for sending out a bacterium initial stage, does not arbitrarily raise film, and film one side is raised, the former basic formational situation of observation straw mushroom gently for a bacterium later stage in after planting 5-6 days of stone;
(6) adopt mushroom: sending out a bacterium and saw button shape mushroom on the 8th day, is the first damp mushroom, observes 90% fruit body this moment and enters the avette phase, therefore, adopts mushroom; With the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of pinning on the other hand mushroom body below, the mushroom body is rotated gently take on the other hand when adopting mushroom, all mushroom body disposables have been adopted, be beneficial to the generation of lower damp mushroom;
The management of (7) second damp mushrooms, the 3rd damp mushroom:
1) management of the second damp mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, in the middle of outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating has water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, and overlay film was then received the second damp mushroom on the 7th day behind overlay film;
2) management of the 3rd damp mushroom: after measured, the second damp mushroom biological efficiency is 8%, therefore carry out the management of the 3rd damp mushroom, management method: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into middle, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, and the limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating has water to get final product from the side outflow of composts or fertilisers of cultivating to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, then overlay film was received the 3rd damp mushroom on the 6th day behind overlay film.
Embodiment 3Adopt the method for pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention, adopt following raw materials according and follow these steps to utilize pure Banana Leaf to carry out Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
1, raw material: dried Banana Leaf derives from plantain kind, hydrated lime in powder, 5% limewash; Bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb is provided by agricultural college of Guangdong Ocean University.
2, step:
(1) get the raw materials ready: collect the Banana Leaf of doing, for subsequent use;
(2) raw material soaking: have a large basin outdoor, with the ready Banana Leaf of step (1) and the hydrated lime in powder ratio in 20:1, alternately good at large basin middle berth according to one deck Banana Leaf one deck hydrated lime in powder, and every one deck all will be treaded, when on the large basin of stone height distance in the large basin during along 5cm, at stone surface weighting material, then in large basin, pour water, institute's priming charge floods Banana Leaf, and Banana Leaf was soaked 48 hours;
(3) draining: Banana Leaf is pulled out and is soaked sufficient Banana Leaf after soaking and finishing, and drains unnecessary water, is not continuous shape as degree take current, obtains the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining;
(4) stone sowing: milpa is in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and planting time is October, adopts the stone number of plies: three layers; By total seeding quantity: 500g/m
2Prepare bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb; Carry out stone, sowing by following method and step:
1) ground floor stone, sowing: the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that on milpa, spreads first step (3) acquisition of thick layer 10cm, wide 100cm, compacting, leveling, as the ground floor stone, then under open environment, sow type of seeding: press 500g/m with this
2Seeding quantity broadcast one deck bacterial classification around the ground floor stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
2) second layer stone, sowing: the step (3) of ground floor stone upper berth thick layer 6cm, wide 90cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as second layer stone, then 500g/m is pressed in sowing
2Seeding quantity broadcast one deck bacterial classification around the second layer stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
3) the 3rd layer of stone, sowing: the step (3) of second layer stone upper berth thick layer 6cm, wide 80cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as the 3rd layer of stone, then on the 3rd layer of stone, press 500g/m
2Seeding quantity perfuse bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb, spread thinly again that one deck step (3) obtains through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, then evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface, obtain postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating, last overlay film; Above milpa, cover again shading rate and be 95% shading net;
(5) send out bacterium: stone after planting 1-4 days is not arbitrarily moved postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating for sending out a bacterium initial stage, does not arbitrarily raise film, and film one side is raised, the former basic formational situation of observation straw mushroom gently for a bacterium later stage in after planting 5-6 days of stone;
(6) adopt mushroom: sending out bacterium and saw button shape mushroom on the 8th day, was the first damp mushroom, and planting time is October, therefore adopted mushroom at the 9th day; With the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of pinning on the other hand mushroom body below, the mushroom body is rotated gently take on the other hand when adopting mushroom, all mushroom body disposables have been adopted, be beneficial to the generation of lower damp mushroom;
The management of (7) second damp mushrooms, the 3rd damp mushroom:
1) management of the second damp mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, in the middle of outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be had water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating get final product to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, overlay film then, the 6th day receipts the second damp mushroom behind overlay film;
2) management of the 3rd damp mushroom: after measured, the second damp mushroom biological efficiency is 22%, therefore carry out the management management method of the 3rd damp mushroom: after having adopted the second damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into middle, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be had water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating get final product to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, overlay film then, the 7th day receipts the 3rd damp mushroom behind overlay film.
Embodiment 4Adopt the method for pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom of the present invention, adopt following raw materials according and follow these steps to utilize pure Banana Leaf to carry out Volvaria volvacea cultivation.
1, raw material: dried Banana Leaf, hydrated lime in powder, 5% limewash; Bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb is provided by agricultural college of Guangdong Ocean University.
2, step:
(1) get the raw materials ready: collect dried Banana Leaf, for subsequent use;
(2) raw material soaking: build a pond outdoor digging, with the ready fresh Banana Leaf that has dried of step (1) and the hydrated lime in powder ratio in 20:1, alternately in the pond, complete according to fresh Banana Leaf one deck hydrated lime in powder that one deck has dried, and every one deck all will be treaded, on the stone height distance pond in the pond, along 10cm, at stone surface weighting material, then in the pond, pour water, institute's priming charge floods Banana Leaf, and Banana Leaf was soaked 36 hours;
(3) draining: Banana Leaf is pulled out and is soaked sufficient Banana Leaf after soaking and finishing, and drains unnecessary water, is not continuous shape as degree take current, obtains the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining;
(4) stone sowing: milpa is in Qingdao, Shandong Province, and planting time is April, adopts the stone number of plies: five layers; By total seeding quantity: 480g/m
2Prepare bacterial classification: straw mushroom Vb; Carry out stone, sowing by following method and step:
1) ground floor stone, sowing: the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that on milpa, spreads first step (3) acquisition of thick layer 10cm, wide 100cm, compacting, leveling, with this as the ground floor stone, then under open environment, sow, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along the ground floor stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
2) second layer stone, sowing: the step (3) of ground floor stone upper berth thick layer 4cm, wide 90cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as second layer stone, then sowing, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along second layer stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
3) the 3rd layer of stone, sowing: the step (3) of second layer stone upper berth thick layer 4cm, wide 80cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as the 3rd layer of stone, then sowing, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along the 3rd layer of stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
4) the 4th layer of stone, sowing: the step (3) of the 3rd layer of stone upper berth thick layer 4cm, wide 70cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface after compacting, the leveling, with this as the 4th layer of stone, then sowing, type of seeding: broadcast one deck bacterial classification all around along the 4th layer of stone: straw mushroom Vb, the middle part is not sowed;
5) layer 5 stone, sowing: at the 4th layer of stone upper berth thick layer 4cm, the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that the step of wide 60cm (3) obtains, compacting, evenly spill little drop-shaped after the leveling one time, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface, with this as the layer 5 stone, then the layer 5 stone perfuse finish before the after planting remaining bacterial classification of four layers of stone: straw mushroom Vb, spread thinly again the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that one deck step (3) obtains, then evenly spill little drop-shaped one time, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface, obtain postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating, overlay film covers shading rate and is 100% shading net again above milpa;
(5) send out bacterium: stone after planting 1-4 days is not arbitrarily moved postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating for sending out a bacterium initial stage, does not arbitrarily raise film, and film one side is raised, the former basic formational situation of observation straw mushroom gently for a bacterium later stage in after planting 5-6 days of stone;
(6) adopt mushroom: sending out a bacterium and saw button shape mushroom on the 8th day, is the first damp mushroom, observes 90% fruit body this moment and enters the avette phase, therefore, adopts mushroom; With the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of pinning on the other hand mushroom body below, the mushroom body is rotated gently take on the other hand when adopting mushroom, all mushroom body disposables have been adopted, be beneficial to the generation of lower damp mushroom;
The management of (7) second damp mushrooms, the 3rd damp mushroom:
1) management of the second damp mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, in the middle of outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating has water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, and overlay film was then received the second damp mushroom on the 7th day behind overlay film;
2) management of the 3rd damp mushroom: after measured, therefore the second damp mushroom biological efficiency does not carry out the management of the 3rd damp mushroom less than 8%.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom is characterized in that: comprise get the raw materials ready, raw material soaking, draining, stone sowing, send out bacterium, adopt mushroom and the second damp mushroom, the management of the 3rd damp mushroom, its concrete grammar and step are as follows:
(1) get the raw materials ready: collect Banana Leaf or the fresh Banana Leaf done and dry, for subsequent use;
(2) near raw material soaking: the orchard or outdoorly dig a pond, or build a pond, or have a large basin, with the ready Banana Leaf of step (1) and the hydrated lime in powder ratio in 20:1, replace in the pond according to one deck Banana Leaf one deck hydrated lime in powder, pond or large basin middle berth are good, and every one deck all will be treaded, work as the pond, stone height distance pond in pond or the large basin or pond upper along on 9-10cm or the large basin of distance during along 3-5cm, at stone surface weighting material, then to the pond, pour water in pond or the large basin, institute's priming charge floods Banana Leaf, and Banana Leaf was soaked 24～48 hours;
(3) draining: Banana Leaf is pulled out and is soaked sufficient Banana Leaf after soaking and finishing, and drains unnecessary water, is not continuous shape as degree take current, obtains the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining;
(4) stone sowing:
1) ground floor stone, sowing: the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that on milpa, spreads first step (3) acquisition of thick layer 10cm, wide 100cm, compacting, leveling, with this as the ground floor stone, then under open environment, sow, broadcast one deck bacterial classification around the ground floor stone, the middle part is not sowed;
2) second layer stone, sowing: the step (3) of ground floor stone upper berth thick layer 4-6cm, wide 90cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill thin water one time after compacting, the leveling,, then sow as second layer stone with this, type of seeding is identical with the ground floor stone;
3) the 3rd layer of stone, sowing: the step (3) of second layer stone upper berth thick layer 4-6cm, wide 80cm obtain through soaking and the Banana Leaf of draining, evenly spill thin water one time after compacting, the leveling,, then sow as the 3rd layer of stone with this, type of seeding is identical with second layer stone;
4) determining of the number of plies of stone: pre-coated layer is several to be determined according to milpa season at that time: milpa is that southern area and planting time are 3,4,11, during December, the stone number of plies is four ~ five layers, milpa is that southern area and planting time are 5,6,7,8,9, during October, the stone number of plies is two ~ three layers; Milpa is that northern area and planting time are 4 and during October, and the stone number of plies is five layers, and milpa is that northern area and planting time are 5,6,7,8, during September, and the stone number of plies is three ~ four layers; The thickness of each layer stone, width requirement later layer stone identical with the 3rd layer of stone all dwindles 10 cm than front one deck stone behind the 3rd layer of stone;
5) last one deck stone, sowing: when finishing last one deck stone, in the end on one deck stone, perfuse bacterial classification, spread thinly again the Banana Leaf through immersion and draining that one deck step (3) obtains, then evenly spill thin water one time;
6) seeding quantity: by total seeding quantity 450-500g/m
2Finish the sowing to each layer stone, obtain postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating, last overlay film;
(5) send out bacterium: stone after planting 1-4 days is not arbitrarily moved postvaccinal composts or fertilisers of cultivating for sending out a bacterium initial stage, does not arbitrarily raise film, and film one side is raised, the former basic formational situation of observation straw mushroom gently for a bacterium later stage in after planting 5-6 days of stone;
(6) adopt mushroom: send out bacterium and saw button shape mushroom in 7-8 days, it is the first damp mushroom, adopt mushroom when the fruit body when 80 ~ 90% enters the avette phase or adopt mushroom according to planting time, pin the composts or fertilisers of cultivating of mushroom body below when adopting mushroom with proficiency, on the other hand the mushroom body is rotated gently and take, all mushroom body disposables have been adopted, be beneficial to the generation of lower damp mushroom;
The management of (7) second damp mushrooms, the 3rd damp mushroom:
1) management of the second damp mushroom: after having adopted the first damp mushroom, put immediately the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level in order, remove foreign material, mashed mushroom, then composts or fertilisers of cultivating is overturn again, in the middle of outer field composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into, and middle composts or fertilisers of cultivating is translated into skin, compacting, leveling, limewash with 5% spills composts or fertilisers of cultivating to be had water to flow out from the side of composts or fertilisers of cultivating to get final product to pushing the composts or fertilisers of cultivating charge level, and overlay film was then received the second damp mushroom in 6-7 days behind overlay film; Umbrella occurs as there's something fishy behind the first damp mushroom, namely stops the management work of the second damp mushroom;
2) management of the 3rd damp mushroom: when the second damp mushroom still has the management of namely determining to carry out the 3rd damp mushroom more than or equal to 8% biological efficiency, otherwise stop to carry out the management work of the 3rd damp mushroom; When carrying out the management of the 3rd damp mushroom, the management method of the 3rd damp mushroom is identical with the management of the second damp mushroom.
2. the method for described pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its cultivar origin of Banana Leaf in the step (1) is banana or plantain kind.
3. the method for described pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: thin water described in the step (4) is little drop-shaped, a small amount of and be enough to the water on wetting inoculation material surface.
4. the method for described pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pre-coated layer number is definite in the step (4): when milpa is Guangdong Province's most areas, the stone number of plies is: 3,4,11, December four ~ five layers of stones, 5,6,7,8,9, October two ~ three layers of stones; After the 3rd layer, the 4th, the thickness of each layer of layer 5 stone, width requirement later layer stone identical with the 3rd layer of stone all dwindle 10 cm than front one deck stone.
5. the method for described pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sowing of stone described in the step (4) is when spacious milpa without sheltering from heat or light carries out, behind overlay film, also need to above milpa, cover shading rate greater than 50% shading net.
6. the method for described pure Banana Leaf cultivating straw mushroom according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt mushroom according to planting time described in the step (6) and refer to: planting time is 5,6,7,8,9, during October, adopted mushroom in 8-9 days, planting time is 3,4,11, during December, adopted mushroom in 9-10 days.
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