CN110100658A - A kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain Download PDFInfo
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- CN110100658A CN110100658A CN201910505370.3A CN201910505370A CN110100658A CN 110100658 A CN110100658 A CN 110100658A CN 201910505370 A CN201910505370 A CN 201910505370A CN 110100658 A CN110100658 A CN 110100658A
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- strain
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain, comprising the following steps: the culture material for being 60-75% by water content, sealing after standing 1-5h, are packed into material bag, tying；Culture material includes major ingredient and auxiliary material, and material bag is Polywoven Bag；Under aseptic condition, the culture material after being loaded into material bag is immersed in the water, and is impregnated sterilizing 5-10h, is taken out, and the water content to drain away the water to culture material is 60-70%, pours out, and obtains cultivation matrix；Cultivation matrix is mixed with urea, is fitted into bacterium bag, after several strain blocks to be filled in the centre and open end of bacterium bag respectively, tying, acanthopore, in bacterium germination temperature be 24-26 DEG C at, bacterium germination 13-17 days.The present invention carries out immersion sterilizing with water to culture material, can effectively remove the miscellaneous bacteria in culture material when strain is planted, and is conducive to subsequent inoculations bacterium germination, saves cost of investment, time and labour saving, safety, energy conservation and environmental protection, can large-scale promotion use.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to edible mushroom technical fields.
Background technique
The domestic fungus resource of China is abundant, and China is also cultivation earliest, utilizes one of country of edible mushroom.Contain in edible mushroom
There are protein abundant, amino acid, vitamin and mineral etc., when eating, delicious flavour, unique flavor, edible mushroom is as one
Kind low fat, food low in calories are extensively accepted by the public.For entire development trend, edible fungi sector will become an independent production
Industry；For being worth above, edible mushroom will become one of the source of third world's main protein；For sales situation, eat
The sales volume of bacterium increases considerably, and such as nearly 20 annual consumption of Japan increases 223 times.Therefore, edible mushroom has a extensive future, and development is empty
Between it is very big.
In planting edible mushroom, need to by pack, sterilizing, inoculation, bacterium germination step, it is technical it is strong, production procedure is cumbersome, existing
Have in technology, involved raw material in planting edible mushroom is all attached to a large amount of fungi again with water, equipment, air etc., is thin
The microorganisms such as bacterium, actinomyces, virus, they are not fighting for nutriment and infringement edible mushroom with edible mushroom all the time.These miscellaneous bacterias
Very big harm and loss are caused to planting edible mushroom.Complete nutrients matter needed for edible fungi growth development is all from compost,
And most of domestomycetes can be cultivated using the conduct major ingredient such as sawdust, corncob, cotton seed hulls, yield is guaranteed and cost
It is low.The common corncob of production edible mushroom and cotton seed hulls have the characteristics that water imbibition is poor, absorb water slow, water deficient in culture medium
Afterwards, heat transfer efficiency is low, under same sterilization conditions, sterilization can be caused to be not thorough.
Edible mushroom includes multiple kinds such as oyster mushroom, mushroom, straw mushroom, needle mushroom, agaric, just widely popular oyster mushroom
Also to carry out that parent species, original seed, that four sets of processes of cultivar and fruiting can allow broad masses to have is fresh and tender palatable in production process
Fructification (mushroom).Three sets of parent species, original seed and fruiting programs are easier in this four sets of processes, and the general producer of parent species is that do not have
Capable production, the big producer's product of purchase is generally taken, original seed is to be bred to generate by parent species, has the factory of general production capacity
Family is able to produce, but under normal circumstances, original seed also needs breeding to produce cultivar, in actual planting edible mushroom, parent species and
The dosage of original seed is seldom, it is generally the case that is that could produce to nurture mushroom strains progress fruiting production extensively using cultivar.And
Most cumbersome is the production of cultivation strain, and dosage is big, it is more when throwing to throw work, also needs high-temperature sterilization in process of production, leads to production and uses
Be to take baked wheaten cake high temperature sterilization, it may be assumed that after packing culture material, pile up and carry out high-temperature sterilization in autoclave or high-pressure boiler,
13-15h is usually required, and needs temperature constant in sterilization process, is then allowed to stand and is cooled to room temperature, then carries out pharmaceutical aerosol disinfection.
Autoclave or high-pressure boiler and fire coal are also bought, this method is at high cost, risk is high, time-consuming, pollutes environment, there is also kill
The halfway phenomenon of bacterium is not suitable for the plantation problem of the biggish cultivation strain of dosage in the market yet.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain.
Based on above-mentioned purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain, comprising the following steps:
1) culture material for being 60-75% by water content, sealing after standing 1-5h, are packed into material bag, tying；Culture material include major ingredient and
Auxiliary material, material bag are Polywoven Bag；
2) under aseptic condition, the culture material after being loaded into material bag is immersed in the water, and is impregnated sterilizing 5-10h, is taken out, drains away the water to cultivation
The water content of training material is 60-70%, pours out, and obtains cultivation matrix；
3) under aseptic condition, step 2 cultivation matrix is mixed with urea, is fitted into bacterium bag, several strain blocks are filled in into bacterium respectively
Bag centre and open end after, tying, acanthopore, in bacterium germination temperature be 24-26 DEG C at, bacterium germination 13-17 days；The matter of urea
Amount is the 0.2-0.4% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.
In step 1), the major ingredient of culture material is cotton seed hulls, any one in corncob or two kinds of mixture；Culture material
Auxiliary material is corn flour, any one in wheat bran or two kinds of mixture, compound fertilizer and pulverized limestone.
In step 3), strain block is the bacterial initial species block that water content is 60-65%.
In step 3), the quality sum of several strain blocks is the 20-25% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.
In step 3), strain block is flat mushroom strain.
In step 1), the water content of culture material is 65-70%.
Sorting principle: 1, the major ingredient of culture material is with fresh, cannot select drenched by rainwater, mildew phenomena, it is outmoded or
The major ingredient of bacterium germination failure secondary use；2, configure culture material wants fresh with water, immersion with water, cannot use rotten, contaminated
Or impregnated the water of culture material secondary use；3, it not can be selected by living contaminants or the bacterial initial species block of fruiting.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention carries out immersion sterilizing with water to culture material, can effectively remove the miscellaneous bacteria in culture material when strain is planted, benefit
In subsequent inoculations bacterium germination.Compared with burning high temperature sterilization, save cost of investment, time and labour saving, sterilization it is thorough, easy to operate,
Without high-pressure boiler, not coal-fired bavin, safety, no pollution to the environment, energy conservation and environmental protection, economic and practical are strong, can large-scale promotion make
With；Raw material resources are abundant, and are convenient for the secondary recycling of waste material, are conducive to large-scale production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that bacterium bag is implanted into the schematic diagram after strain block；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram shaped using implantation methods mushroom cultivation of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In embodiment 1-4, compound fertilizer is the chemical fertilizer of not chloride ion-containing；In step 2, aseptic condition passes through in sterile behaviour
Make room realization, is sterilized in sterile working room using ozone machine.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain, comprising the following steps:
1) it by 92.5 parts of cotton seed hulls, teds and is cleaned with degassing, be uniformly mixed with 5 parts of wheat brans, 0.5 part of compound fertilizer, obtain premix,
It solution is made is mixed 2 parts of pulverized limestones are soluble in water with premix, obtain the culture material that water content is 65%, by culture material sealing, quiet
After setting 5h, it is packed into material bag, tying, material bag is Polywoven Bag；
2) under aseptic condition, the culture material after being loaded into material bag is immersed in the water and (to prevent from floating, weight can be put on material bag), impregnates
Sterilize 5h, taking-up, and the water content to drain away the water to culture material is 65%, pours out, and obtains cultivation matrix (with pH test paper test cultivation base
The pH value of the pH value of matter, cultivation matrix is advisable in 6.5-7, if peracid, adds pulverized limestone and adjusts cultivation matrix pH to 6.5-
7)；
3) under aseptic condition, step 2 cultivation matrix is mixed with urea, is fitted into bacterium bag, by 4 strain blocks (original seed, oyster mushrooms
Strain) fill in the centre and open end of bacterium bag respectively after, tying, in the bacterium bag around each strain block acanthopore (convenient for ventilation,
Ventilation is conducive to strain block fast-growth), as shown in Figure 1, being bacterium germination 14 days at 24 DEG C in bacterium germination temperature, finished product (strain) is long
At as shown in Figure 2；The quality of urea is that the 0.2%(cultivation matrix of the quality of the siccative of culture material sterilizes by water logging, drains the water
After point, humidity has reached the degree of mushroom growth, but in above process, compound fertilizer is but lost, and therefore, supplement is certain
The urea of amount), the quality sum for the strain block that 4 water content are 60% is the 20% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.The purchase of strain block
From science edible mushroom research institute, Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province.
Strain block fills in the specific method of bacterium bag: it is the bacterium bag (polybag) of the two open ends of 17cm × 35cm by specification,
First fill wherein one, fill after cultivation matrix 1 strain block (being equivalent to jujube size) of implantation tying afterwards, then turn around fill it is another
2 strain blocks are first leaned against on the inner wall of bacterium bag respectively, refill cultivation matrix by head, after filling compacting, are replanted into 1 strain block
?.Then the strain block corresponding position acanthopore in bacterium bag, each strain block pierce 4 holes.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain, comprising the following steps:
1) it by 86.5 parts of cotton seed hulls, 5 parts of corncobs (sundries such as memory stone, iron, soil, plastics), teds and is cleaned with degassing, crush
Afterwards, be uniformly mixed with 5 parts of wheat brans, 1 part of compound fertilizer, obtain premix, by 2.5 parts of pulverized limestones it is soluble in water be made solution and premix
Material mixing obtains the culture material that water content is 62%, after culture material sealing, standing 4h, is packed into material bag, tying, material bag is plastics volume
Knit bag；
2) under aseptic condition, the culture material after being loaded into material bag is immersed in the water and (to prevent from floating, weight can be put on material bag), impregnates
Sterilize 5h, taking-up, and the water content to drain away the water to culture material is 65%, pours out, and obtains cultivation matrix (with pH test paper test cultivation base
The pH value of the pH value of matter, cultivation matrix is advisable in 6.5-7, if peracid, adds pulverized limestone and adjusts cultivation matrix pH to 6.5-
7)；
3) under aseptic condition, step 2 cultivation matrix is mixed with urea, is fitted into bacterium bag, by 4 strain blocks (original seed, oyster mushrooms
Strain) fill in the centre and open end of bacterium bag respectively after, tying, in the bacterium bag around each strain block acanthopore (convenient for ventilation,
Ventilation is conducive to strain block fast-growth), as shown in Figure 1, being bacterium germination 13 days at 26 DEG C in bacterium germination temperature, finished product (strain) is long
At as shown in Figure 2；The quality of urea is that the 0.3%(cultivation matrix of the quality of the siccative of culture material sterilizes by water logging, drains the water
After point, humidity has reached the degree of mushroom growth, but in above process, compound fertilizer is but lost, and therefore, supplement is certain
The urea of amount), the quality sum for the strain block that several water content are 65% is the 23% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.The purchase of strain block
From science edible mushroom research institute, Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province.
Strain block fills in the specific method of bacterium bag: it is the bacterium bag (polybag) of the two open ends of 17cm × 35cm by specification,
First fill wherein one, fill after cultivation matrix 1 strain block (being equivalent to jujube size) of implantation tying afterwards, then turn around fill it is another
2 strain blocks are first leaned against on the inner wall of bacterium bag respectively, refill cultivation matrix by head, after filling compacting, are replanted into 1 strain block
?.Then the strain block corresponding position acanthopore in bacterium bag, each strain block pierce 4 holes.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain, comprising the following steps:
1) it by 85 parts of cotton seed hulls, 5 parts of corncobs, teds and is cleaned (sundries such as memory stone, iron, soil, plastics) with degassing, after crushing,
It is uniformly mixed with 5 parts of wheat brans, 1 part of compound fertilizer and 2 portions of corn flour, obtains premix, solution is made by 2 parts of pulverized limestones are soluble in water
It is mixed with premix, obtains the culture material that water content is 65%, culture material is sealed into (plastic covering film in culture material), stands 5h
Afterwards, it is packed into material bag, tying, material bag is Polywoven Bag；
2) under aseptic condition, the culture material after being loaded into material bag is immersed in the water and (to prevent from floating, weight can be put on material bag), impregnates
Sterilize 8h, taking-up, and the water content to drain away the water to culture material is 60%, pours out, and obtains cultivation matrix (with pH test paper test cultivation base
The pH value of the pH value of matter, cultivation matrix is advisable in 6.5-7, if peracid, adds pulverized limestone and adjusts cultivation matrix pH to 6.5-
7)；
3) under aseptic condition, step 2 cultivation matrix is mixed with urea, is fitted into bacterium bag, by several strain block (original seed, oyster mushrooms
Strain) fill in the open end of bacterium bag respectively after, tying, in the bacterium bag around each strain block acanthopore (convenient for ventilation, ventilation,
Conducive to strain block fast-growth), as shown in Figure 1, being at 25 DEG C in bacterium germination temperature, bacterium germination 15 days, finished product (strain) grew up to, and such as schemed
Shown in 2；The quality of urea is the 0.4%(cultivation matrix of the quality of the siccative of culture material after water logging sterilizing, draining away the water, wet
Degree has reached the degree of mushroom growth, but in above process, compound fertilizer is but lost, and therefore, supplements a certain amount of urine
Element), the quality sum for the strain block that 4 water content are 60% is the 20% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.Strain block is purchased from Shaanxi
Province Xixiang County edible mushroom research institute.
Strain block fills in the specific method of bacterium bag: it is the bacterium bag (polybag) of the two open ends of 17cm × 35cm by specification,
First fill wherein one, fill after cultivation matrix 1 strain block (being equivalent to jujube size) of implantation tying afterwards, then turn around fill it is another
2 strain blocks are first leaned against on the inner wall of bacterium bag respectively, refill cultivation matrix by head, after filling compacting, are replanted into 1 strain block
?.Then the strain block corresponding position acanthopore in bacterium bag, each strain block pierce 4 holes.
Embodiment 4
A kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain, comprising the following steps:
1) by 91 parts of corncobs, ted and cleaned with degassing, after crushing (maize cob meal is broken to soya bean size), with 5 parts of wheat brans,
1 part of compound fertilizer is uniformly mixed, and obtains premix, solution is made mixes 3 parts of pulverized limestones are soluble in water with premix, obtain water content
It is packed into material bag, tying, material bag is Polywoven Bag after culture material sealing, standing 5h for 70% culture material；
2) under aseptic condition, the culture material after being loaded into material bag is immersed in the water and (to prevent from floating, weight can be put on material bag), impregnates
Sterilize 7h, taking-up, and the water content to drain away the water to culture material is 65%, pours out, and obtains cultivation matrix (with pH test paper test cultivation base
The pH value of the pH value of matter, cultivation matrix is advisable in 6.5-7, if peracid, adds pulverized limestone and adjusts cultivation matrix pH to 6.5-
7)；
3) under aseptic condition, step 2 cultivation matrix is mixed with urea, is fitted into bacterium bag, by several strain block (original seed, oyster mushrooms
Strain) fill in the open end of bacterium bag respectively after, tying, in the bacterium bag around each strain block acanthopore (convenient for ventilation, ventilation,
Conducive to strain block fast-growth), as shown in Figure 1, being at 20 DEG C in bacterium germination temperature, bacterium germination 17 days, finished product (strain) grew up to, and such as schemed
Shown in 2；The quality of urea is the 0.3%(cultivation matrix of the quality of the siccative of culture material after water logging sterilizing, draining away the water, wet
Degree has reached the degree of mushroom growth, but in above process, compound fertilizer is but lost, and therefore, supplements a certain amount of urine
Element), the quality sum for the strain block that several water content are 65% is the 25% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.Strain block is purchased from Jiangsu
Science edible mushroom research institute, Gaoyou City, province.
Strain block fills in the specific method of bacterium bag: it is the bacterium bag (polybag) of the two open ends of 17cm × 35cm by specification,
First fill wherein one, fill after cultivation matrix 1 strain block (being equivalent to jujube size) of implantation tying afterwards, then turn around fill it is another
2 strain blocks are first leaned against on the inner wall of bacterium bag respectively, refill cultivation matrix by head, after filling compacting, are replanted into 1 strain block
?.Then the strain block corresponding position acanthopore in bacterium bag, each strain block pierce 4 holes.
High-temperature sterilization planting method is burnt compared with implantation methods of the invention, by taking one ton of premix as an example, high temperature is burnt and goes out
Bacterium method, lasts 26 working days, time-consuming 200h, and 3500 yuan of required fund has pollution to environment；Implantation methods of the invention, go through
When 4.5 working days, time-consuming 50h, 102 yuan of required fund, no pollution to the environment, it can be seen that, utilize plantation side of the invention
Method shortens 21.5 working days, saving 150h, 3398 yuan of fund of saving, no pollution to the environment, and advantage is apparent.
The present invention carries out immersion sterilizing with water to culture material, can effectively remove miscellaneous in culture material when strain is planted
Bacterium is conducive to subsequent inoculations bacterium germination, and the mushroom product after bacterium germination saves cost of investment, time and labour saving, peace not by living contaminants
Entirely, energy conservation and environmental protection, can large-scale promotion use.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain, which comprises the following steps:
1) culture material for being 60-75% by water content, sealing after standing 1-5h, are packed into material bag, tying；Culture material include major ingredient and
Auxiliary material, material bag are Polywoven Bag；
2) under aseptic condition, the culture material after being loaded into material bag is immersed in the water, and is impregnated sterilizing 5-10h, is taken out, drains away the water to cultivation
The water content of training material is 60-70%, pours out, and obtains cultivation matrix；
3) under aseptic condition, step 2 cultivation matrix is mixed with urea, is fitted into bacterium bag, several strain blocks are filled in into bacterium respectively
Bag centre and open end after, tying, acanthopore, in bacterium germination temperature be 24-26 DEG C at, bacterium germination 13-17 days；The matter of urea
Amount is the 0.2-0.4% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.
2. the implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), culture material
Major ingredient is cotton seed hulls, any one in corncob or two kinds of mixture；The auxiliary material of culture material is corn flour, any one in wheat bran
Kind or two kinds of mixture, compound fertilizer and pulverized limestone.
3. the implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3), strain block is
Water content is the bacterial initial species block of 60-65%.
4. the implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in step 3), several strains
The quality sum of block is the 20-25% of the quality of the siccative of culture material.
5. the implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that in step 3), strain block is
Flat mushroom strain.
6. the implantation methods of edible fungus culturing strain as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1), culture material
Water content is 65-70%.
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