CN102523811B - Method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions - Google Patents
Method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN102523811B CN102523811B CN201210013807.XA CN201210013807A CN102523811B CN 102523811 B CN102523811 B CN 102523811B CN 201210013807 A CN201210013807 A CN 201210013807A CN 102523811 B CN102523811 B CN 102523811B
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- urea
- chemical nitrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizers to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions and in particular relates to a novel method for applying two chemical nitrogen fertilizers (urea and ammonium sulfate) to crops under no-tillage (minimum-tillage) cultivation conditions. An acrylamide-potassium-polyacrylate cross-linking copolymer (i.e. cross-linked polyacrylamide) is proportionally added into a chemical nitrogen fertilizer which is dissolved in water, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is adsorbed to form a reticular complex which can release nitrogen element in the fertilizer sustainedly after application, the complex is mixed with water-absorbent dry powders to form a dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex wettable powder formulation. The chemical nitrogen fertilizer and the cross-linking agent are conjugated to form the complex, which can achieve sustained release, reduce the loss of nitrogen fertilizers, increase the fertilizer utilization rate and reduce environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical nitrogen fertilizer in a kind of crop genetics field and use new method, be specifically related to two kinds of chemical nitrogen fertilizers of a kind of urea and ammonium sulfate and crop, exempt from the new method of using under (lacking) cultivation condition.
Background technology
Crop no-tillage cultivation refers to continuous 3 years not plowed soils, directly plate field sowing crop, or the method for transplanting crop.And within 1-2 plowed soils not, directly plate field sowing crop, or the method for transplanting crop refers to and minimal tills cultivation.The no-tillage cultivation of the present invention definition comprises no-tillage cultivation and minimal tills cultivation, refers under plowed soils condition not, directly in the method for plate field plantation crop.Crop is exempted under the condition of (lacking) cultivation crop, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied to soil surface, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer is used rear easy loss, has reduced the application effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, has even caused the pollution of area source of environment.In recent years, what China was applying paddy rice, rape, corn, potatoes and other crops exempts from (lack) cultivation, year approximately 100,000,000 mu of area under cultivations.While exempting from (lacking) cultivation crop, using of nitrogenous fertilizer is the problem that needs solve, particularly on no-tillage nonirrigated farmland, use chemical nitrogen fertilizer, very easily cause volatilization or the loss of fertilizer nutrient, be therefore necessary will there be a new application process to using of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.Having at present a kind of method is the method that adopts slow-release fertilizer, and the method has solved the problem of fertilizer slow release, but running into moisture content when more, due to the embedding medium imbibition of slow-release fertilizer, has part easily to cause breaking of release membranes, affects the application effect of slow-release fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has object to be to provide a kind of application process of new chemical nitrogen fertilizer, the method is after chemical nitrogen fertilizer and crosslinking agent complexing, to form complex compound, thereby can slowly-releasing, can reduce the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, improve the availability of fertilizer, can support the pollution to environment simultaneously.
Chemical nitrogen fertilizer under crop no-tillage cultivation crops condition is used new method, its content is: utilize acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, be cross-linked polyacrylamide physical adsorption and chemisorbed characteristic, by chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium sulfate) be dissolved in water, add by a certain percentage cross-linked polyacrylamide, by the webbed complex compound of shape after chemical nitrogen fertilizer absorption, fertilizer nitrogen can slowly be discharged after using, thereby reach minimizing chemical nitrogen fertilizer face, impose on the nitrogen loss after soil.Because cross-linked polyacrylamide is water insoluble, can not burn, nontoxic and non-corrosiveness, it is granule or the powder morphology of <0.5 millimeter that its form has particle diameter: or the irregular particle of particle diameter >=0.5 millimeter.After cross-linked polyacrylamide is manured into soil, because the effect of ultraviolet light and edaphon starts degraded, its degradation product plant can directly utilize, and can not injure plant, also can not cause environmental pollution.
Urea can be entirely water-soluble, is not electrolyte, can be mixed mutually with any form of cross-linked polyacrylamide, and it does not have side effects to cross-linked polyacrylamide, can greatly improve urea availability.Cross-linked polyacrylamide is tridimensional network under nitrogenous fertilizer aqueous solution state, by the effect of osmotic pressure and hydrophilic radical, nitrogenous fertilizer water soluble materials is drawn into network structure, thereby fertilizer nitrogen can slowly be discharged after using, its rate of release is synchronizeed with growing of crop, can meet crop growth for the needs of nitrogen nutrient, can reach the object that reduces chemical nitrogen fertilizer consumption in no-tillage cultivation crop production again, to realize the efficient crop production of abridged edition.
The chemical nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium sulfate) that crop is exempted under (lacking) cultivation condition is used new method, comprises preparation method and the field application process of urea and ammonium sulfate complex compound.
Cross-linked polyacrylamide is dissolved in to water at normal temperatures according to a certain percentage, simultaneously by chemical nitrogen fertilizer, comprise that urea or ammonium sulfate are also dissolved in water at normal temperatures by a certain percentage, then add by a certain percentage cross-linked polyacrylamide, fully stir, to after chemical nitrogen fertilizer absorption, form cancellated complex compound, add again water imbibition to be dried medicinal powder (as rice chaff, wood chip, cottonseed cake, colza cake, soya-bean cake etc.) in above-mentioned complex compound and absorb moisture content, thereby form the moistening pulvis of dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound.Therefore, when carrying out crop no-tillage cultivation, can effectively chemical nitrogen fertilizer directly be spread fertilizer over the fields at upper soll layer, to realize the loss that reduces fertilizer nitrogen, improve the absorption rate of this season crop to fertilizer nitrogen.Below compound method is further described, comprises the following steps:
In being dissolved in the chemical nitrogen fertilizer of water, add by a certain percentage acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, it is cross-linked polyacrylamide, chemical nitrogen fertilizer is adsorbed the webbed complex compound of rear shape, fertilizer nitrogen can slowly be discharged after using, at above-mentioned complex compound, add again water imbibition to be dried medicinal powder, to form the moistening pulvis of dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound.
The preparation method of urea complex is:
(1) according to Niao Su ︰ water, be the ratio of 1000～1200 Ke ︰ 1000 ml waters, urea is dissolved in to water, obtain aqueous solution of urea;
(2) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 7～10 grams of cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(3) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add 450～500 grams of the dry medicinal powders of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form the urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state.
The preparation method of ammonium sulfate/urea complex is:
(1) according to Niao Su ︰ water, be the ratio of 1000～1200 Ke ︰ 1000 ml waters, urea is dissolved in to water, obtain aqueous solution of urea;
(2) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 12～15 grams of cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(3) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add 500～600 grams, ammonium sulfate, fully stir simultaneously, form ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(4) in every thousand milliliters of ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add 500～550 grams of the dry medicinal powders of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form ammonium sulfate/urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state.
The dry thing of described water imbibition comprises rice chaff, wood chip, cottonseed cake, colza cake, one or more of soya-bean cake.
The application process of complexing nitrogenous fertilizer, before crop sowing or transplanting, soil, without stirring, directly directly spreads fertilizer over the fields the moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound in no-tillage soil surface; The moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound is generally to use at shoot transplanting equipment or afternoon of throw planting first 1 day, throws next day and transplants rice seedlings, or transplanting rice, rape, seeding corn and other crops; Or use the afternoon of 1 day prior to seeding, directly sow paddy rice, rape, seeding corn and other crops next day.The amount of application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer can be determined amount of application according to different crop fertilizer requirement.
The method has easy and simple to handle, and the easy embedding of fertilizer, after embedding, because chemical nitrogen fertilizer is to be attracted in embedding medium, is difficult for being broken by imbibition, thereby has improved result of use, and chemical nitrogen fertilizer is also difficult for running off.
Embodiment
Just the invention will be further described for embodiment provided by the invention, is not to further restriction of the present invention.
embodiment 1:take chemical nitrogen fertilizer as 1150 grams, urea, add 1000 milliliters, water to dissolve at normal temperatures; Take again 8.5 grams, acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium, join aqueous solution of urea, both stir, limit edged stirs, urea and acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium can form netted complex compound, then add approximately 500 grams of the dry medicinal powders of water imbibition, absorb moisture, form the moistening pulvis of dispersible urea complex.
embodiment 2:take chemical nitrogen fertilizer as 1150 grams, urea, add 1000 milliliters, water to dissolve at normal temperatures; Take again 8.5 grams, acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium, join aqueous solution of urea, form aqueous solution of urea urea complex; Taking 550 grams of chemical nitrogen fertilizer sulfuric acid amine joins in aqueous solution of urea complex compound again, both stir, limit edged stirs, ammonium sulfate and urea and acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium can form netted complex compound, then add approximately 500 grams of the dry medicinal powders of water imbibition, absorb moisture, form the moistening pulvis of dispersible ammonium sulfate/urea complex.
embodiment 3:the experiment in cultivation of double cropping late rice no-tillage cast-transplanted is carried out in 2010 Nian Agricultural University Of Hunan proving grounds.Previous crops is two season early rice, July 15, gathers in.Late rice adopts plastic floppy disk seedling, sowing on June 20, and the excellent China in kind sky accounts for.After early rice harvesting, soak 1 day with shallow irrigation in rice field, and when field, face table soil, when moistening (not showing water layer), is directly applied to paddy soil surface by urea complexation medicinal powder by 35 kilograms every mu (nitrogen contents approximately 20%).After nitrogen application, throw the rice shoot (or transplanting rice rice shoot) that transplants rice seedlings next day, and other field management measure carries out according to local high yielding culture of rice method.Result shows that paddy growth is sane, and rate of tillering panicle improves approximately 10%, and output increases more than 5%, reduces nitrogen fertilizer amount 20% left and right.
embodiment 4:double-low rapeseed zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating is tested in 2010 Nian Agricultural University Of Hunan proving grounds and is carried out.One season of previous crops semilate rice, October 7, gathered in.Rape adopts no-tillage and direct-seeding, sowing on October 8, No. 15, kind Hunan oil.After semilate rice harvesting, rice field table soil sprays paraquat herbicide solution, and next day, fine day, irrigated the moistening soil of horse race water (if run into overcast and rainy, do not need to pour water), kept ground moistening.When face table soil in field is moistening, the moistening pulvis of ammonium sulfate complex compound is directly applied to paddy soil surface by 30 kilograms every mu (nitrogen contents approximately 24%).After nitrogen application, directly sow rape next day, and other field management measure carries out according to local rape high yield cultivation method.Result shows that growth of rape is sane, and output increases approximately 5%, reduces nitrogen fertilizer amount 25% left and right.
Claims (3)
1. the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under a crop no-tillage cultivation condition, it is characterized in that: in being dissolved in the chemical nitrogen fertilizer of water, add by a certain percentage acrylamide and acrylic acid potassium crosslinking copolymerization thing, it is cross-linked polyacrylamide, chemical nitrogen fertilizer is adsorbed the webbed chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound of rear shape, fertilizer nitrogen can slowly be discharged after using, at above-mentioned complex compound, add again water imbibition to be dried medicinal powder, to form the moistening pulvis of dispersible chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound, described chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound is urea complex or ammonium sulfate/urea complex;
The preparation method of urea complex is:
(1) according to urea: water is 1000～1200 grams: the ratio of 1000 ml waters, urea is dissolved in to water, obtain aqueous solution of urea;
(2) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 7～10 grams of cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(3) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add 450～500 grams of the dry medicinal powders of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form the urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state;
The preparation method of ammonium sulfate/urea complex is:
(a) according to urea: water is 1000～1200 grams: the ratio of 1000 ml waters, urea is dissolved in to water, obtain aqueous solution of urea;
(b) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea, add 12～15 grams of cross-linked polyacrylamides, fully stir, form aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(c) in every thousand milliliters of aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add 500～600 grams, ammonium sulfate, fully stir simultaneously, form ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compound;
(d) in every thousand milliliters of ammonium sulfate/aqueous solution of urea complex compounds, add 500～550 grams of the dry medicinal powders of water imbibition, fully stir simultaneously, form ammonium sulfate/urea complexation medicinal powder of moisture state.
2. the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under crop no-tillage cultivation condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the dry medicinal powder of described water imbibition comprises rice chaff, rice hull carbon, wood chip, cottonseed cake, colza cake, one or more of soya-bean cake.
3. the chemical nitrogen fertilizer application process under crop no-tillage cultivation condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that: before crop sowing or transplanting, soil, without stirring, directly directly spreads fertilizer over the fields the moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound in no-tillage soil surface; The moistening pulvis of chemical nitrogen fertilizer complex compound is generally at shoot transplanting equipment or throws the afternoon of planting first 1 day and use, throws next day and transplants rice seedlings, or transplanting rice; Or use the afternoon of 1 day prior to seeding, directly sow paddy rice, rape, corn crop next day.
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| CN201210013807.XA CN102523811B (en) | 2012-01-17 | 2012-01-17 | Method for applying chemical nitrogen fertilizer to crops under no-tillage cultivation conditions |
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| CN102523811B true CN102523811B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
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| US9034960B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2015-05-19 | Momentive Performance Materials Inc. | Antidrift composition |
| CN105272474A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-27 | 潘发全 | Manufacturing method for low-cost controlled-release chemical fertilizer |
Citations (3)
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| CN1446779A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2003-10-08 | 潘印桥 | Macromolecule fertilizer |
| CN1605580A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-13 | 白银市技术开发服务中心 | Liquid slow releasing compound fertilizer |
| CN101037368A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-19 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Biological biodegradable self-control slow-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1446779A (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2003-10-08 | 潘印桥 | Macromolecule fertilizer |
| CN1605580A (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2005-04-13 | 白银市技术开发服务中心 | Liquid slow releasing compound fertilizer |
| CN101037368A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-19 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Biological biodegradable self-control slow-releasing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
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| 何绪生等.保水剂与肥料互作及保水缓/控释肥料研究进展.《土壤通报》.2006,第37卷(第4期),第799-803页. |
| 保水剂与肥料互作及保水缓/控释肥料研究进展;何绪生等;《土壤通报》;20060831;第37卷(第4期);第799-803页 * |
| 宋宝兴.高分子材料在旱地作物生产中的应用基础研究.《中国博士学位论文全文数据库-农业科技辑》.2008,(第3期),第D043-2页. |
| 高分子材料在旱地作物生产中的应用基础研究;宋宝兴;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库-农业科技辑》;20080315(第3期);第D043-2页 * |
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