Background technology
Genseng is an Araliaceae, herbaceos perennial.China just has since ancient times gets food, the medicinal materials of its root as preciousness, is also referred to as genseng.Ancient claim genseng be sealwort, smart, refreshing grass etc.Genseng property is flat, sweet, the little hardship of flavor, tepor.Return spleen, lung channel.The tradition traditional Chinese medicine is learned and to be thought the genseng intelligence development of reinforcing vital energy, reinforce the spleen to benefit the lung, calm the nerves, cure mainly that internal lesion caused by overexertion is deficient, food less, burnout, void cough syndrome characterized by dyspnea, palpitation with fear, card such as forgetful.Modern medicine study thinks that genseng has adaptability, protection cardiac muscle, bidirectional modulation blood pressure, the effect such as quick-recovery physical efficiency, raising immunity soon of regulating nervous function, improving body.China is genseng production and big export country, and genseng output accounts for the 80-90% of Gross World Product.Genseng mainly is processed into sun-dried ginseng, red ginseng, sugared ginseng and directly is used as medicine as crude drug, or is used to extract ginsenoside, panaxan.Through analyzing saponin(e and the polysaccharide functional component less than 20% that contains in the genseng, all the other are lignin, cellulose, starch, protein etc.That is in the process of extracting ginsenoside and panaxan, still have the constituent of ginseng more than 80% not to be fully utilized, await further development and use.At present, organic solvent method is nearly all adopted in ginsenoside and panaxan's extraction, consumes chemical reagent such as a large amount of ethanol, ether, alkali, brings very big environmental problem, and the genseng slag charge that produces.Research shows that this part genseng slag charge main component is genseng lignin and fiber, protein, starch, is the good raw material of producing high-quality dietary fiber.But owing to retain a large amount of organic solvents in the residue, color and luster, local flavor can only be discarded all by heavy damage, cause the significant wastage of this precious resources of genseng.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides high-quality dietary fiber of a kind of genseng and production method thereof; Cause problems such as ginseng resource's utilization rate is low, wastage of material is serious in present ginsenoside and the panaxan's leaching process to solve; This treasures efficiency of resource to improve genseng, creates bigger economy and society benefit.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes obtains through the following step:
One, supercritical extract-washing one-step method is carried out precipitation, is taken off and live together reason
Organic solvent method extracts the residue natural air drying behind ginsenoside and the panaxan, adopts supercritical CO
2Extraction removes wherein organic solvent and different assorted flavor material with the washing one-step method, and raw material is carried out purification process, and operating condition is pressure 20MPa~50MPa, 40 ℃~70 ℃ of temperature, time 60~180min; Work as supercritical CO
2Extraction proceeds to 2/3 o'clock of total extraction time, feeds pure water and proceeds extraction, and pure water feeding amount is 0.6-3 times (g/g) of pending appearance; Material after the purification process is pulverized, granularity adjustment, makes it can be all through 60-120 order aperture sieve;
Two, the wet method HTHP is sheared, is pulverized:
Material behind the purifying adds pure water, and the adjustment moisture is 30-60%, profit stain 20-40min; Carry out high pressure then and extrude shearing; 130 ℃~180 ℃ of pressure 9-20MPa, temperature, HTHP are extruded material after the shearing and are carried out heated-air drying or dry naturally, make its water content less than 12%; Carry out pulverization process then, gained powder granularity 120-160 order.
The present invention extracts the back residue to solvent method ginsenoside and panaxan and carries out edibleization processing; Improve the rerum natura and the processing characteristics of genseng fiber, strengthen its physiologically active, and reaction condition is gentle; Produce that raw material does not have sex change, pollution-free in the process, improve ginseng resource's utilization ratio.
The product that the present invention obtains promptly can be used as nutrition fortifier and adds in the food that needs intensification diet fiber, also can be used as health food and directly eats.
The supercritical CO that the present invention adopts
2Fluid extraction removes organic solvent, takes off the multiple effect of different assorted flavor with the washing one step technique, and is efficient, and low consumption is nontoxic, pollution-free, noresidue, easy to operate, and good selective, and can make production serialization, automation.The wet method HTHP extrude shearing to material carry out material grind rub, cutting, fusion; Compositions such as big molecule lignin, cellulose are degraded, and soluble component increases, and improves the expansive force and the retention ability of material; Improve its rerum natura, generate high-quality dietary fiber with special health care.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, supercritical extract-washing one-step method is carried out precipitation, is taken off and live together reason
Organic solvent method extracts the residue natural air drying behind ginsenoside and the panaxan, adopts supercritical CO
2Extraction removes wherein organic solvent and different assorted flavor material with the washing one-step method, and raw material is carried out purification process.Operating condition is pressure 20MPa, 70 ℃ of temperature, time 180min; Work as supercritical CO
2Extraction proceeds to 2/3 o'clock of total extraction time, feeds pure water and proceeds extraction, and pure water feeding amount is 0.6 times (g/g) of pending appearance; Material after the purification process is pulverized, granularity adjustment, makes them can be all through 60 order aperture sieve;
Compare with conventional method, water-saving and easy and simple to handle, water consumption is merely the 10-50% of conventional method.
Two, the wet method HTHP is sheared, is pulverized:
Material behind the purifying adds pure water, and the adjustment moisture is 30%, and profit stain 40min carries out high pressure then and extrudes shearing, 130 ℃ of pressure 9MPa, temperature.HTHP is extruded material after the shearing and is carried out heated-air drying or dry naturally, makes its water content less than 12%, carries out pulverization process then, gained powder granularity 120 orders.
Embodiment 2
One, supercritical extract-washing one-step method is carried out precipitation, is taken off and live together reason
Organic solvent method extracts the residue natural air drying behind ginsenoside and the panaxan, adopts supercritical CO
2Extraction removes wherein organic solvent and different assorted flavor material with the washing composite algorithm, and raw material is carried out purification process.Operating condition is pressure 35MPa, 55 ℃ of temperature, time 60min; Work as supercritical CO
2Extraction proceeds to 2/3 o'clock of total extraction time, feeds pure water and proceeds extraction, and pure water feeding amount is 3 times (g/g) of pending appearance; Material after the purification process is pulverized, granularity adjustment, makes them can be all through 120 order aperture sieve;
Two, the wet method HTHP is sheared, is pulverized:
Material behind the purifying adds pure water, and the adjustment moisture is 60%, and profit stain 20min carries out high pressure then and extrudes shearing, 180 ℃ of pressure 14MPa, temperature.HTHP is extruded material after the shearing and is carried out heated-air drying or dry naturally, makes its water content less than 12%, carries out pulverization process then, gained powder granularity 160 orders.
Embodiment 3
One, supercritical extract-washing one-step method is carried out precipitation, is taken off and live together reason
Organic solvent method extracts the residue natural air drying behind ginsenoside and the panaxan, adopts supercritical CO
2Extraction removes wherein organic solvent and different assorted flavor material with the washing composite algorithm, and raw material is carried out purification process.Operating condition is pressure 50MPa, 40 ℃ of temperature, time 120min.Work as supercritical CO
2Extraction proceeds to 2/3 o'clock of total extraction time, feeds pure water and proceeds extraction, and pure water feeding amount is 1.8 times (g/g) of pending appearance.Material after the purification process is pulverized, granularity adjustment, makes them can be all through 100 order aperture sieve.
Two, the wet method HTHP is sheared, is pulverized:
Material behind the purifying adds pure water, and the adjustment moisture is 45%, and profit stain 30min carries out high pressure then and extrudes shearing, 155 ℃ of pressure 20MPa, temperature.HTHP is extruded material after the shearing and is carried out heated-air drying or dry naturally, makes its water content less than 12%, carries out pulverization process then, gained powder granularity 140 orders.
The present invention detects by the molecular weight of national standard method to dietary fiber, adopts general in the industry accepted standard method that the main physical index of product is detected.
Less than 100,000, soluble dietary fibre content is greater than 10% through the mean molecule quantity of testing product, and control samples is merely 1.3%; Expansive force (increasing degree that adds water-soluble bloated front and back sample volume) is 3.4 times of control samples greater than 6mL/g; Retention ability (sample is to the absorption hold facility of water under the uniform temperature) is 4.2 times of control samples greater than 6g/g; Liposuction power (sample is to the absorption hold facility of grease under the uniform temperature) is 2.8 times of control samples greater than 2g/g; Meet the requirement of high-quality dietary fiber rerum natura.Compare with simple property other plant dietary fiber, the genseng dietary fiber that this invention is produced contains 1-10% protein, 1-10% starch, and edible safety has no side effect, and can eat for a long time, has the function that improves immunity of organisms.
High-quality dietary fiber raising immunity of organisms function test of genseng of the present invention and result, conclusion: with reference to Chinese Pharmacopoeia the high-quality dietary fiber of genseng is improved the immunity function test, during test the high-quality dietary fiber of genseng is mixed with the finite concentration oral administration with distilled water.Method and result, conclusion are following: get 48 mouse and be divided into fine 4.0,2.0, the 1.0g/kg body weight dose groups (n=12) of control group (n=12) and the high-quality meals of genseng at random.Continuous gastric infusion 5d, in last administration 1h, tail vein injection india ink 0.1mL/10g body weight is got blood 0.025mL in 5min and 15min from the mouse vena ophthalmica, adds among the 0.1% sodium carbonate liquor 2mL, shakes up 675nm punishment light Spectrophotometry for Determination OD value; And put to death immediately, get liver, spleen is weighed, calculating K value, α value.Other gets 48 of mouse, and grouping and medication, time are the same, puts to death animal, cuts open and gets spleen and thymus gland, weighs, and calculates organ index.The result shows: compare with control group, the high-quality dietary fiber of genseng 4.0,2.0g/kg body weight group can obviously improve the phagocytic function (P<0.01, P<0.05) of mouse monokaryon macrophage.The high-quality dietary fiber of genseng 4.0,2.0g/kg body weight group all have obvious rising trend (P<0.01, P<0.05) to spleen coefficient and the thymus gland coefficient of mouse.Conclusion: the high-quality dietary fiber of genseng of the present invention can obviously improve mouse immune power, and certain dose-effect relationship is arranged.
Phagocytic function test result of
table 1 mouse monokaryon macrophage and analysis (X ± S)
Group and dosage |
Number of animals (only) |
The K value |
The α value |
Control group |
12 |
0.0214±0.0169 |
4.80±1.01 |
The high-quality dietary fiber 4.0g/kg of genseng |
12 |
0.0567±0.0222** |
7.89±1.79** |
The high-quality dietary fiber 2.0g/kg of genseng |
12 |
0.0309±0.0211* |
6.42±1.77* |
The high-quality dietary fiber 1.0g/kg of genseng |
12 |
0.0269±0.0136 |
5.58±1.74 |
Compare * P<0.05, * * P<0.01 with control group.
table 2 mice spleen and thymus gland index variation experimental result and analysis (X ± S)
Group and dosage |
Number of animals (only) |
Spleen index (mg/g body weight) |
Thymus index (mg/g body weight) |
Control group |
12 |
5.02±1.03 |
3.79±1.28 |
The high-quality dietary fiber 4.0g/kg of genseng |
12 |
8.23±1.12** |
7.38±1.22** |
The high-quality dietary fiber 2.0g/kg of genseng |
12 |
7.81±0.43* |
6.04±1.21* |
The high-quality dietary fiber 1.0g/kg of genseng |
12 |
5.60±1.38 |
4.25±0.46 |
Compare * P<0.05, * * P<0.01 with control group.
The high-quality dietary fiber of genseng irritates stomach for the maximum gastric capacity of mouse, through multiple dosing, does not cause that significantly poison, side reaction appear in animal; No animal dead; And outward appearance, behavioral activity, the state of mind, appetite, stool and urine color, fur, breathing, nose, eye, oral cavity are all no abnormal, and changes of weight also belongs to normal growth, and experiment finishes the back and puts to death animal; Also do not find to organize internal organs the abnormal change of volume, color, quality to occur; Limitting because of administration concentration and volume, fail to measure the LD50 value of the high-quality dietary fiber gastric infusion of genseng, is 20g/kg and record its 24 hours maximum dosage-feedings; 230 times of quite clinical consumption prove the high-quality dietary fiber edible safety of genseng.