CN102496402B - Sliding electric contact material and composite material for micro-motor commutator - Google Patents
Sliding electric contact material and composite material for micro-motor commutator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102496402B CN102496402B CN 201110371797 CN201110371797A CN102496402B CN 102496402 B CN102496402 B CN 102496402B CN 201110371797 CN201110371797 CN 201110371797 CN 201110371797 A CN201110371797 A CN 201110371797A CN 102496402 B CN102496402 B CN 102496402B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sliding electric contact material for a micro-motor commutator. The sliding electric contact material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-8 percent of Cu, 0.1-0.5 percent of Ni, 0.5-2 percent of oxide and the balance of Ag, wherein the oxide is any one of Al2O3, ZrO2, CeO2 and Cr2O3; and the granularity of the oxide is required to be controlled below 3mum. The sliding electric contact material is prepared by adopting a powder metallurgy process, has excellent wear resistance, electric arc resistance and fusion welding resistance, can be usedfor effectively preventing the phenomenon that short circuit occurs because abrasive dust is gathered in a groove of the commutator and is suitable for manufacturing the commutator with greater electric arc during commutating for a micro motor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal material, particularly a kind of commutator silver-based sliding contact material that utilizes oxide to strengthen; By this contact material make working lining, copper is made the two-layer composite material that basic unit forms; And the commutator that uses this two-layer composite material to make, and use the direct current micromotor of this commutator.
Background technology
In the course of work of direct current micromotor, commutator and brush plate are in contact with one another and relative sliding, realize the transmission of electric current, keep motor rotation.Therefore, there is inevitably sliding frictional wear between commutator and the brush, and also has electric arc to produce, to the material injury.The abrasive dust that produces in the process of friction and wear of commutator and brush plate is compressed between the two, affect the contact performance of the two, cause the fluctuation of larger contact resistance, cause the bad and electrical noise of output waveform, cause non-commutation phase electric arc when serious, accelerate the damage of material.The arc temperature that produces during commutation is very high, usually cause silver alloy fusing, splash, be that commutator lost efficacy, and then cause the major reason of electrical micro-machine end-of-life.And, electrically contact in the process because the temperature rise meeting that mechanical friction and the function of current produce descends material surface hardness, reduce its hardness and resistance to wear, further aggravated the mechanical wear of material.
Silver alloy has good conductivity and decay resistance, thereby is the slidingtype alloy as electric contact material the most common in the commutator, that consumption is maximum.The silver-based electric contact material that strengthens with oxide electrically contacts the field in " open-close " formula and is widely used, and common are AgCuO, AgZnO, AgSnO
2Deng.But, because the contact material processing characteristics that oxide strengthens is relatively poor, so that the technology how in the slidingtype contact material, to adopt oxide to strengthen, the raising commutator is to improve commutator serviceability and electrical micro-machine useful life and stability with resistance to wear and the anti electric arc corrosion ability of contact material, is the numerous technical staff's problems of concern in this area.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to problems of the prior art, provide micro-motor commutator with sliding contact material and composite material, described material is introduced the oxide particle in existing AgCuNi commutator alloy, rationally utilize high rigidity and the high-melting-point characteristic of oxide, put forward heavy alloyed resistance to wear and anti electric arc corrosion ability, described composite material is used for making the commutator of direct current micromotor, to improve the useful life of contact stabilization, reduction electrical noise, prolongation electrical micro-machine.
Micro-motor commutator sliding contact material of the present invention is comprised of Cu, Ni, oxide and Ag, and the weight percentage of its each component is:
Cu 1～8％；
Ni 0.1～0.5％；
Oxide 0.5～2%;
Surplus is Ag;
Wherein, oxide is Al
2O
3, ZrO
2, CeO
2, Cr
2O
3In any one.
The granularity of above-mentioned oxide is 0.5～3 μ m.
The micro-motor commutator that the present invention relates to slip electric contact composite material, it uses sliding contact material as working lining with micro-motor commutator, and take copper as basic unit, wherein, described working lining covers the surface of copper.
The all or part of surface that covers copper of described working lining.
A kind of micro-motor commutator that the present invention relates to, it uses micro-motor commutator slip electric contact composite material.
The invention still further relates to a kind of electrical micro-machine, it uses above-mentioned commutator.
Micro-motor commutator of the present invention has high hardness with the oxide in the sliding contact material, improve the hardness of silver matrix by dispersion-strengtherning mechanism, the ability that himself also has on the other hand very strong opposing skimming wear, the resistance to wear of slidingtype contact material is improved, reduces the generation of abrasive dust; In addition, oxide also has high fusing point, and under the effect of high arc temperature, can not melt yet, and can prevent splashing and running off of silver matrix, thus the arc resistant ability of raising material monolithic.Therefore, adopt oxide of the present invention to strengthen contact material and make micro-motor commutator, can increase the service life, increase contact stabilization, reduce electrical noise.If the content of oxide is lower than 0.5%, then its wear-resistant and arc resistant effect can not be given full play to; If the content of oxide is higher than 2%, the contact resistance when then enlarging markedly sliding contact, and brush caused heavy wear, reduce on the contrary the electrical micro-machine life-span.
For quantity and the distributing homogeneity that guarantees oxide particle, the present invention has also carried out preferably the granularity of oxide.Under existing working condition, if the granularity of oxide is lower than 0.5 μ m, then particle is too tiny, in transportation, preservation and use procedure, easily reunite, its dispersiveness and uniformity in commutator material is difficult to guarantee, reduce consistency and the stability of material property, can not satisfy the requirement of production in enormous quantities.But, if the granularity of oxide is greater than 3 μ m, then particle is too thick, this has reduced the quantity that strengthens particle in the commutator material on the one hand, reduction strengthens effect, seriously reduce on the other hand the processing performance of material, easily occur cracking phenomena in the production, can not satisfy equally the requirement of production in enormous quantities; In addition, too thick particle also can have a negative impact to contact resistance and brush.
Commutator material of the present invention is compounded in the base copper surface as working lining, is used for making micro-motor commutator, can save noble metal, reduce the production cost of commutator and electrical micro-machine.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1) adopts material of the present invention to make micro-motor commutator, have good wear-resistant and arc resistant performance, be used for electrical micro-machine, can reduce abrasive dust, reduce electrical noise, stability and the useful life of improving electrical micro-machine.
2) the present invention adopts the existing powder by atomization of material, hydrostatic pressing, sintering, pressure processing and heat treatment technics preparation, and the equipment and process technology does not need special transformation, and is easy to implement in the production.
When 3) utilizing alloy of the present invention to make laminar composite, can adopt existing AgCuNi to be associated the technology and equipment that gold/copper alloy electrically contacts composite strip and produce, technology is easy to grasp and implement, and substantially can not increase production cost.
4) the present invention adopts atomization to prepare the AgCuNi alloy powder, and its homogeneity of ingredients is high; Then adopt the technology such as mixed powder, hydrostatic pressing, extrusion process to produce commutator material, can effectively guarantee the uniformity that oxide distributes in material, and material can reach complete densification.
Embodiment
The alloying component of embodiment 1 to 12 sees Table 1.
Each metal element content of pressing in the table 1 is prepared the also AgCuNi alloy of melting heterogeneity, and is prepared into powder by water atomization, and particle size is less than 20 μ m.The alloy powder that obtains is mixed with the oxide powder of drafting content, and the technique such as repressed, sintering, extruding, rolling, annealing is made band; Then adopt hot rolling technology and fine copper to be combined into laminar composite, and be rolled into silver alloy bed thickness 0.03mm, the band of total thickness 0.25mm.
Concrete preparation technology is:
1) adopt water atomization to prepare the AgCuNi alloy powder, and the maximum equivalent diameter of assurance powder particle is less than 20 μ m.
2) above-mentioned alloy powder and oxide powder are mixed, wherein the granularity of oxide powder is 0.5～3 μ m.
3) powder that mixes is carried out isostatic pressing, pressing pressure is 60～100MPa.
4) blank that suppresses is placed ammonia decomposition or pure hydrogen atmosphere carry out sintering, 700～850 ℃ of sintering temperatures.
5) blank that sinters is pushed, extrusion ratio is not less than 20.
6) good blank be will push by techniques such as rolling, intermediate annealing, drawings, band or silk material will be prepared into.
7) adopt hot rolling, warm-rolling or cold rolling complex technique, above-mentioned band or silk material and copper alloy are carried out compound, be made into laminar composite.Wherein material of the present invention is working lining, copper alloy is basic unit.
Comparative example 1 and 2 electrically contacts the silver alloy composition and sees Table 2.
Table 2 comparative example alloying component (percetage by weight)
| Comparative example | Cu | Ni | Zn | Ag |
| 1 | 4.0 | 0.3 | - | Surplus |
| 2 | 6.0 | 0.4 | 2.0 | Surplus |
By respectively becoming assignment system and molten alloy in the table 2, be cast into ingot after, make band through operations such as cogging, rolling, annealing, then be combined into laminar composite with copper, and be rolled into silver alloy bed thickness 0.03mm, the band of total thickness 0.25mm.
The band of embodiment 1～12 and comparative example 1 and 2 is used for being made into electrical micro-machine three utmost point commutators, this commutator is assemblied in the electrical micro-machine, carry out life test.Its corresponding brush plate material is AgPd50/MX215.
Embodiment 1～12 and comparative example 1,2 test condition are as follows:
Probe temperature: 60 ℃
Testing load: 10gcm
Test voltage: 12V
Rotary speed: 8000rpm
Drive manner: continuously
In the test process, judge the operating state of motor by the variation that detects motor speed and electric current, occur that rotating speed or electric current exceed standard or all be judged to be end-of-life when shutting down.
Test result sees Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment 1～12 and comparative example 1～2 life test result
| Embodiment | Life-span (h) |
| 1 | 1840 |
| 2 | 1830 |
| 3 | 1825 |
| 4 | 1880 |
| 5 | 1861 |
| 6 | 1875 |
| 7 | 1868 |
| 8 | 1851 |
| 9 | 1843 |
| 10 | 1816 |
| 11 | 1820 |
| 12 | 1883 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1238 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1350 |
Conclusion: above-mentioned test result shows, adds the oxide of proper content and granularity in the AgCuNi alloy, can improve resistance to wear and the arc resistant ability of commutator material.Make working lining, copper take these materials and make composite material as basic unit, be used for making micro-motor commutator, compare with the micro-motor commutator of existing AgCuNi alloy made, under identical service conditions, demonstrate longer useful life, reached the purpose that improves electrical micro-machine working life and stability.
Claims (5)
1. a micro-motor commutator sliding contact material is characterized in that, is comprised of Cu, Ni, oxide and Ag, and the weight percentage of its each component is:
Cu 1~8%；
Ni 0.1~0.5%；
Oxide 0.5 ~ 2%;
Surplus is Ag;
Wherein, oxide is Al
2O
3, ZrO
2, CeO
2, Cr
2O
3In any one, the granularity of described oxide is 0.5 ~ 3 μ m.
2. a micro-motor commutator slip electric contact composite material is characterized in that, it is take the contact material of claim 1 as working lining, and take copper as basic unit, wherein, described working lining covers the surface of copper.
3. according to composite material claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: all or part of surface that covers copper of described working lining.
4. a micro-motor commutator is characterized in that, its right to use requires 2 or 3 described composite materials.
5. an electrical micro-machine is characterized in that, its right to use requires 4 described commutators.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110371797 CN102496402B (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | Sliding electric contact material and composite material for micro-motor commutator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110371797 CN102496402B (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2011-11-21 | Sliding electric contact material and composite material for micro-motor commutator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102496402A CN102496402A (en) | 2012-06-13 |
| CN102496402B true CN102496402B (en) | 2013-09-18 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103060600A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Nitride strengthened sliding electric contact alloy and laminar composite thereof |
| CN103045894A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-17 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Carbide-enhanced sliding electric contact alloy and stratiform composite material thereof |
| CN103060601A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2013-04-24 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Oxide enhanced sliding electric contact alloy and laminar composite thereof |
| CN108494209A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-04 | 深圳市精锐昌科技有限公司 | A kind of long-life minitype speed reducing motor |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1150861A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-05-28 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, commutator employing said material and direct current motor employing said commutator |
| CN101217226A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | A weak current slide contact material |
| CN101645573A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2010-02-10 | 昆明贵金属研究所 | Silver-copper-nickel-rare earth composite material |
| CN101892399A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-11-24 | 上海集强金属工业有限公司 | Silver-based alloy layer and silver-based alloy layer composite material and preparation method and application |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5352978A (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1978-05-13 | Tanaka Precious Metal Ind | Method of manufacturing aggni electric contact material |
| JPS56142837A (en) * | 1980-04-05 | 1981-11-07 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Electrical contact material |
| CN102044347B (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2013-02-13 | 浙江乐银合金有限公司 | Preparation method and products of silver-copper-nickel-ceramic alloy contact material with high welding resistance |
| CN102290116A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2011-12-21 | 上海中希合金有限公司 | Ag-Cu-Ni ceramic composite for micromotor commutator and manufacturing technology thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-11-21 CN CN 201110371797 patent/CN102496402B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1150861A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-05-28 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, commutator employing said material and direct current motor employing said commutator |
| CN101217226A (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-07-09 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | A weak current slide contact material |
| CN101645573A (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2010-02-10 | 昆明贵金属研究所 | Silver-copper-nickel-rare earth composite material |
| CN101892399A (en) * | 2010-05-14 | 2010-11-24 | 上海集强金属工业有限公司 | Silver-based alloy layer and silver-based alloy layer composite material and preparation method and application |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| JP昭53-52978A 1978.05.13 |
| JP昭56-142837A 1981.11.07 |
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