CN103194636A - Palladium-containing silver alloy self-lubricating electric contact material and composite belt material - Google Patents

Palladium-containing silver alloy self-lubricating electric contact material and composite belt material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103194636A
CN103194636A CN201310105456XA CN201310105456A CN103194636A CN 103194636 A CN103194636 A CN 103194636A CN 201310105456X A CN201310105456X A CN 201310105456XA CN 201310105456 A CN201310105456 A CN 201310105456A CN 103194636 A CN103194636 A CN 103194636A
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ti3sic2
contact material
alloy
electric contact
lubricating
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CN201310105456XA
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郑元龙
郑旭阳
刘清泽
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Shanghai Longsun Alloy Co Ltd
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Shanghai Longsun Alloy Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a palladium-containing silver alloy self-lubricating electric contact material and a composite belt material made of the electric contact material. The palladium-containing silver alloy self-lubricating electric contact material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.1%-2.0% of Ti3SiC2 particles, 1%-15% of Cu, 0.05%-2.0% of Ni, 0.1%-3.0% of Pd and the balance of Ag; and alloy can also comprise one or more of Zn, Mg, La, Ce, Y and Sm, wherein the content of each added metal element is 0.1%-3.0%, and the total content of the added metal elements does not exceed 3%. The Ti3SiC2 powder is added to the Ag alloy by adopting a powder metallurgy method for preparing the electric contact material. The palladium-containing silver alloy self-lubricating electric contact material disclosed by the invention is capable of greatly improving the high-temperature abrasion resistance of a direct-current micro-motor commutator and effectively prolonging the service life of a motor.

Description

The silver alloys self-lubricating contact material and the composite strip that contain palladium
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy material, be specifically related to a kind of silver alloys self-lubricating contact material of palladium and composite strip of being made by this contact material of containing.
Background technology
The reverser volume of direct current micromotor is less, and rotating speed is very fast during work, and multiselect processes with the Ag alloy of conductivity excellence.Yet in the course of the work, the reverser of micromotor and the sliding friction between brush plate are a kind of unlubricated metal to-metal contact.Wearing and tearing under this dry friction condition mainly show as adhesive wear and abrasive wear, and adhesive wear is even more serious generally speaking.The severity of wearing and tearing and the hardness of material are inversely proportional to, and are directly proportional with the pressure that contacts, and is also closely related with factor such as envrionment temperature.During the micromotor high speed rotating, the elastic pressure of brush plate is given positive pressure of reverser, to keep the electric interface conduction good.Because motor speed is fast, arc erosion is arranged again between brush and the reverser, the friction pair temperature progressively raises, make the small protrusion that contacts on the surface of friction partly produce seam, bonding point is rotated the shear-stress that causes immediately again and tears, be sheared the lower commutator material major part of intensity of getting off and come off into abrasive dust, these abrasive dusts are brought in the reverser pole piece gap by brush and are heaped, and finally cause pole piece conducting short circuit and motor early failure is crashed.On the sliding contact surface of reverser and brush plate, do not add the traditional lubrication agent, add traditional lubrication agent meeting electrical contact performance is brought disadvantageous effect.
It below all is the common problem of commutator materials such as existing AgCuNi, AgCuZnNi.The more and more miniaturization of modern household electrical equipment, small household appliances inner member are arranged closely, and heat be difficult for to scatter and disappear, internal temperature even up to 70 ℃ in the working process~80 ℃.Motor in the automobile also often is in the comparatively high temps state.Under hot environment, the wearing and tearing of reverser aggravation, adhesive wear is more serious, and simultaneously more abrasive dust shifts and is deposited on the brush plate, and these settlings carry out scraping to commutator face again, produce more abrasive dust, shorten the work-ing life of motor.
In order to improve the job stability of micromotor, prolong the work-ing life of micromotor, people are making great efforts to seek to solve the easy to wear problem of direct current micromotor reverser under hot environment always.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is in order to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, and a kind of silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium that can the high temperature resistance wearing and tearing is provided.
First purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium comprises following component in percentage by weight: 0.1%~2.0% Ti3SiC2 particulate; 1%~15% Cu; 0.05%~2.0% Ni; 0.1%~3.0% Pd; Surplus is Ag; The present invention adopts powder metallurgy method that the Ti3SiC2 powder is added to contain the contact material of making in the Ag alloy of Pd.
Wherein, the purity of described Ti3SiC2 particulate 〉=98%, median size≤2.0 μ m.
Alloying constituent also comprises one or more among Zn, Mg, La, Ce, Y, the Sm, and the content of the metallic element of above-mentioned every kind of adding is 0.1%~3.0%, and the total amount of the metallic element of above-mentioned adding is no more than 3%.
In the Ag alloy material, the adding of Pd can improve anti-melting welding, the antistick ability of alloy, reduces adhesive wear in the course of the work, reduces material and shifts and deposition to brush plate.And the Ti3SiC2 powder has excellent self-lubricating property, can reduce the frictional coefficient of material, reduces the surface of friction surface energy, reduces the generation of adhesion abrasion.Pd and the acting in conjunction of Ti3SiC2 powder can effectively improve the ability of the high temperature resistance wearing and tearing of material.Certainly, the Pd in the Ag alloy material can be substituted by Pt, and just Pt is more expensive.
Effect to the Ti3SiC2 powder is elaborated below.The Ti3SiC2 of laminate structure belongs to hexagonal system, and lattice parameter is a=0.30665nm, c=1.767nm.The CTi6 octahedron of rib is cut apart by the Si atomic shell that the parallelogram on plane distributes altogether, and each crystalline substance includes 2 Ti3SiC2 molecules.Ti-C is covalent bonds, and is stronger in conjunction with bonding force, and having brought up Ti3SiC2 has high-melting-point more than 3000 ℃.And the bonding force of Si atom and Ti-C-Ti-C-Ti chain a little less than, Ti layer and Si layer are easy to produce shearing slip under external force, make Ti3SiC2 have excellent self-lubricating property and extremely low frictional coefficient.Its frictional coefficient even also lower than graphite and molybdenumdisulphide.Ti3SiC2 combines the advantage of metal and pottery, has excellent electroconductibility and thermal conductivity.Specific conductivity during room temperature is 4.5X106 Ω -1.m -1(be about pure Ti specific conductivity 2 times), thermal conductivity is 43w.m -1.k -1The etch of Ti3SiC2 acid and alkali-resistance, anti-oxidant, thermal shock resistance is good, also has good workability.These excellent performances are that the direct current micromotor commutator material need possess.
For the reverser that the self-lubricating ability is arranged that contains the Ti3SiC2 particulate, in the motor rotation friction process, the solid lubrication material Ti3SiC2 that wherein contains discharges, and enters in the frictional interface of metal, forms a kind of half of boundary lubricating status.Shear the low solid lubricant Ti3SiC2 of drag and reduced frictional coefficient.There is report to claim that intermetallic frictional coefficient is generally between 0.5~1.0.And Ag base self-lubricating contact material frictional coefficient is many in 0.16~0.55 scope.On the other hand, the Ti3SiC2 solid lubricant is adsorbed on the surface of friction surface energy is greatly reduced, and has reduced the generation of adhesion abrasion to a great extent.To add the conductivity of solid lubricant Ti3SiC2 good, can not influence the current lead-through between brush plate and the reverser.
In material of the present invention, the weight percent content of Ti3SiC2 particulate is no more than 2%.The weight percent content of Ti3SiC2 particulate is too high, and the Ag alloy becomes fragile, and the materials processing mis-behave almost can't be produced required band.If the weight percent content of Ti3SiC2 particulate, does not just have the effect that self-lubricating and particulate are strengthened less than 0.1%.Simultaneously, the median size of Ti3SiC2 particulate≤2 μ m.Because the Ag alloy working lining thickness of the accurate composite strip of punching out micromotor reverser generally only has 20~30 μ m, the particle diameter of Ti3SiC2 particulate is excessive, can influence the performance of working lining.When in the Ag alloy, adding the Ti3SiC2 powder, need take effective technological measure, the Ti3SiC2 particulate is evenly distributed in Ag alloy substrate tissue.
The alloys such as AgCuPdNi, AgCuPdZnNi that added the Ti3SiC2 particulate not only have the self-lubricating ability, reduce the wearing and tearing of commutator material, and the microhardness of Ti3SiC2 particulate can reach 4GPa, join and to have played the effect that particulate is strengthened in the Ag alloy, intensity and the hardness of alloys such as AgCuPdNi, AgCuPdZnNi are improved, have strengthened alloy high temperature resistance wearing and tearing abilities such as AgCuPdNi, AgCuPdZnNi.
Second purpose of the present invention is in order to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of composite strip with self-lubricating ability to be provided.
Second purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of composite strip comprises basic unit and inlays compound or face being compound in Ag alloy layer in this basic unit; Wherein, basic unit is copper layer or copper alloy layer; The Ag alloy layer is made by the silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium.
The upper surface of described Ag alloy layer also is compounded with Au or the Au alloy layer of thickness 1~2 μ m.
Precious metal composite strip of the present invention, precious metal resources such as a large amount of saving Ag, to contain the Ag alloy strip steel rolled stock with self-lubricating ability of Ti3SiC2 particulate by the technology of press working, inlay compound or face is compounded on copper or the copper alloy band, form the stratiform composite strip of the firm precision of combination, use for punching out direct current micromotor reverser.This composite strip has only the Ag alloy that uses on the reverser working face seldom, and all the other major parts are then used the still Cu alloy of excellence of cheap conductivity.The composite strip that this reverser uses not only can be saved precious metal resources such as Ag greatly, but also can take full advantage of the excellent properties of different metal material.Ag alloy layer electrical and thermal conductivity performance excellence, high temperature wear resistant, anti-electric-arc is ablated, as working lining; Cu alloy basic unit provides mechanical support for the Ag alloy layer, and the conducting electric current.Be Au or Au alloy for the top layer, the middle layer is this 3 layers of composite strip of Ag alloy with self-lubricating ability, because there are Au or Au alloy layer in the top layer, so its resistance of oxidation is extremely strong, and the contact conducting is reliable, and contact resistance is stable.The reverser of these 3 layers of composite strip punching out is mainly used in hot and humid environment or requires the high important motor of reliability.
The technological process of production of composite strip of the present invention is:
1, superfine Ti3SiC2 powder is joined in the alloys such as AgCuPdNi or AgCuPdZnNi with powder metallurgy method, make the AgCuPdNi or the AgCuPdZnNi alloy pig that contain the Ti3SiC2 particulate.
2, with the circulation technology flow process of above-mentioned alloy pig by annealing-rolling processing-annealing, be processed into the Ag alloy strip steel rolled stock.
3, with the technology of above-mentioned Ag alloy strip steel rolled stock by press working, inlay compound or face is compounded on copper or the copper alloy band, form 2 shape composite strips layer by layer in conjunction with firm precision, use for punching out direct current micromotor reverser.Above-mentioned 2 layers of accurate composite strip, the Ag alloy layer must be combined firmly with basic unit.
4, at the upper surface of the Ag of above-mentioned 2 layers of composite strip alloy layer Au or the Au alloy layer of compound last layer thickness 1~2 μ m again.So just form and a kind ofly be the top layer, be the middle layer, be 3 layers of composite strip of basic unit with Cu or Cu alloy layer with the Ag alloy layer with Au or Au alloy layer.Au or Au alloy layer can adopt inlays complex form, also can be the face complex form.
5, above-mentioned 2 layers of accurate composite strip or 3 layers of accurate composite strip punching out are become the micromotor reverser.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: owing in contact material of the present invention, contain Pd and Ti3SiC2 particulate, the ability that this has improved high temperature resistance wearing and tearing of the direct current micromotor reverser of being made by material of the present invention greatly can effectively prolong micromotor work-ing life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of two layers of composite strip of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-basic unit; The 2-Ag alloy layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail.
1: two layer of composite strip of embodiment
1) material (material sign: plied timber master composition/base material)
AgCu4PdNiT/Tu1 (T represents to add Ti3SiC2, and Tu1 represents oxygen free copper)
2) ribbon dimension (size marking: multiple layer Ag alloy thickness * width/band total thickness * width)
0.02×1.2/0.10×6
3) working lining: AgCu4PdNiT composition (wt%)
Cu 4.2 Pd 1.0 Ni 0.32 Ti3SiC2 0.50 Ag surplus
4) composite strip microhardness Hv (hardness sign: Ag alloy layer hardness/Cu alloy basic unit hardness)
158.3 159.2 156.5/116.2 117.8 115.4
2: two layers of composite strip of embodiment
1) material: AgCu8PdNiT/Tu1
2) ribbon dimension: 0.02 * 2.0/0.20 * 12
3) working lining: AgCu8PdNiT composition (wt%)
Cu 8.0 Pd 0.5 Ni 0.42 Ti3SiC2 0.40 Ag surplus
4) composite strip microhardness Hv
162.2 165.4 163.7/116.1 117.6 113.2
3: two layers of composite strip of embodiment
1) material: AgCuPdZnNiT/Tu1
2) ribbon dimension: 0.03 * 2.2/0.25 * 11
3) working lining: AgCuPdZnNiT composition (wt%)
Cu 1.0 Pd 1.0 Zn 1.0 Ni 0.35 Ti3SiC2 0.70 Ag surplus
4) composite strip microhardness Hv
141.6 143.2 138.7/116.5 115.0 116.8
4: two layers of composite strip of embodiment
1) material: AgCu6PdZnNiT/Tu1
2) ribbon dimension: 0.03 * 3.4/0.25 * 12
3) working lining: AgCu6PdZnNiT composition (wt%)
Cu6.0 Pd 0.5 Zn 1.0 Ni 0.43 Ti3SiC2 0.45 Ag surplus
4) composite strip microhardness Hv
158.8 163.5 162.2/115.2 114.3 117.8
5: two layers of composite strip of embodiment
1) material: AgCuPdZnNiT/Tu1
2) ribbon dimension: 0.03 * 2.5/0.25 * 10
3) working lining AgCuPdZnNiT composition (wt%)
Cu 1.0 Pd 1.0 Zn 0.5 Ni 0.35 Ti3SiC2 0.55 Ag surplus
5) composite strip microhardness Hv
136.3 141.8 139.2/118.1 117.5 116.6
6: two layers of composite strip of embodiment
1) material: AgCu6PdZnNiT/Tu1
2) ribbon dimension: 0.02 * 2.4/0.25 * 9
3) working lining AgCu6PdZnNiT composition (wt%)
Cu 6.0 Pd 1.0 Zn 1.0 Ni 0.42 Ti3SiC2 0.40 Ag surplus
5) composite strip microhardness Hv
160.6 157.6 162.5/114.9 118.5 115.2
7: three layers of composite strip of embodiment
1) material: AuAg40/AgCu4PdNiT/Tu1
2) ribbon dimension (0.001+0.019) * 2.4/0.25 * 8
3) working lining: AuAg40 composition (wt%)
Au 60% Ag surplus (40%)
4) middle layer: AgCu4PdNiT composition (wt%)
Cu 4.2 Pd 1.0 Ni 0.32 Ti3SiC2 0.50 Ag surplus
5) composite strip microhardness Hv
145.2 145.2 147.8/116.1 114.8 117.7
The material long duration test
(1) by Ag alloy ingredient processing precious metal in the above-mentioned embodiment
Ag alloy ingredient table (wt) %
Cu Pd Zn Ni Ti3SiC2 Ag
Embodiment 1 4.2 1.0 0.32 0.50 Surplus
Embodiment
2 8.0 0.5 0.42 0.40 Surplus
Embodiment 3 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.35 0.70 Surplus
Embodiment 4 6.0 0.5 1.0 0.43 0.45 Surplus
Embodiment 5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.35 0.55 Surplus
Embodiment 6 6.0 1.0 1.0 0.42 0.40 Surplus
Comparative example 1 4.0 1.0 0.35 Surplus
Comparative example 2 6.0 1.0 0.40 Surplus
Comparative example 3 6.0 0.5 1.0 0.40 Surplus
(2) the Ag alloy of above-mentioned composition is processed into band and inlays be compounded on the TU1 oxygen free copper base band, be processed into two layers of composite strip.Ag alloy work bed thickness 0.03mm, band total thickness 0.25mm.
(3) above-mentioned two layers of composite strip punching out are become micromotor 3 utmost point reversers and be assembled into micromotor with AgPd50/BZn18-26 brush pairing.
(4) test conditions: 70 ℃ of temperature, humidity 50%, zero load, 7V, running continuously.
(5) long duration test the results are shown in following table.
Hour
Embodiment 1 1304
Embodiment 2 1330
Embodiment 3 1255
Embodiment 4 1326
Embodiment 5 1041
Embodiment 6 1348
Comparative example 1 837
Comparative example 2 426
Comparative example 3 972
In above-described embodiment 1, the AuAg40 alloy that the Ag alloy surface is gone up 1.0 μ m has more again constituted 3 layers of composite strip, middle Ag alloy bed thickness 0.029mm, band total thickness 0.25mm, punching out becomes identical reverser and is assembled into same motor, with the pairing of AgPd50/BZn18-26 brush, carry out long duration test under the same conditions, its life-span reaches 14860h.
Above-mentioned long duration test result shows, after in AgCuPdNi and AgCuPdZnNi alloy, adding an amount of solid lubricant Ti3SiC2, make the Ag alloy have the self-lubricating ability, reduced the Ag alloy working face of reverser and the coefficient of sliding friction between brush contact surface, and the Ag alloy is strengthened.Use the direct current micromotor reverser of the composite strip punching out that the above-mentioned silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium processes to have the performance of better high temperature wear resistant, can reduce the wearing and tearing of material under hot environment, prolong the work-ing life of motor under hot environment.
Should be noted that at last; above content is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention; but not limiting the scope of the invention; the simple modification that those of ordinary skill in the art carries out technical scheme of the present invention or be equal to replacement does not all break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium is characterized in that comprising following component in percentage by weight: 0.1%~2.0% Ti3SiC2 particulate; 1%~15% Cu; 0.05%~2.0% Ni; 0.1%~3.0% Pd; Surplus is Ag; The present invention adopts powder metallurgy method the Ti3SiC2 powder to be added the contact material of making in the Ag alloy.
2. the silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the purity of described Ti3SiC2 particulate 〉=98%, median size≤2.0 μ m.
3. the silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: alloying constituent also comprises one or more among Zn, Mg, La, Ce, Y, the Sm, the content of the metallic element of above-mentioned every kind of adding is 0.1%~3.0%, and the total amount of the metallic element of above-mentioned adding is no more than 3%.
4. composite strip is characterized in that: comprise basic unit and inlay compound or face being compound in Ag alloy layer in this basic unit; Wherein, basic unit is copper layer or copper alloy layer; The Ag alloy layer is made by the silver alloys self-lubricating contact material that contains palladium described in the claim 1,2,3.
5. composite strip according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the upper surface of described Ag alloy layer also is compounded with Au or the Au alloy layer of thickness 1~2 μ m.
CN201310105456XA 2013-03-29 2013-03-29 Palladium-containing silver alloy self-lubricating electric contact material and composite belt material Pending CN103194636A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106935794A (en) * 2017-03-15 2017-07-07 陈熙野 A kind of preparation method of copper electrode of gilding
CN109075479A (en) * 2016-04-20 2018-12-21 株式会社自动网络技术研究所 Connection terminal and connection terminal pair
CN110964941A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-07 东莞正丰科技有限公司 Composite carbon material silver-based electric contact material and preparation method thereof

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CN101246758A (en) * 2008-03-19 2008-08-20 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 Sliding electric contact material for low current
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109075479A (en) * 2016-04-20 2018-12-21 株式会社自动网络技术研究所 Connection terminal and connection terminal pair
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CN110964941A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-07 东莞正丰科技有限公司 Composite carbon material silver-based electric contact material and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20130710