CN103060599A - Sliding electric contact alloy containing high-melting-point alloy element and laminar composite thereof - Google Patents
Sliding electric contact alloy containing high-melting-point alloy element and laminar composite thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103060599A CN103060599A CN2012105603152A CN201210560315A CN103060599A CN 103060599 A CN103060599 A CN 103060599A CN 2012105603152 A CN2012105603152 A CN 2012105603152A CN 201210560315 A CN201210560315 A CN 201210560315A CN 103060599 A CN103060599 A CN 103060599A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sliding electric contact alloy containing a high-melting-point alloy element. The sliding electric contact alloy is composed of copper, the high-melting-point alloy element and silver. The weight percentage composition of the alloy containing various components is 1-8% of copper, 0.1-1% of the high-melting-point alloy element and the allowance of silver. The high-melting-point alloy element is one of rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum. The sliding electric contact alloy containing the high-melting-point alloy element has the advantages that nickel in existing alloy of silver, copper and nickel is replaced by the high-melting-point alloy element, and due to the high wear resistance and the strong electric arc resistance of the high-melting-point alloy element, the wear resistance and the electric arc resistance of the silver alloy are improved, and thus the service life of a micromotor is promoted, and then the service life of equipment or a device with the micromotor is correspondingly promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material for making micro-motor commutator, relate in particular to a kind of slip alloy as electric contact material and stratified composite thereof that contains high-melting point alloy element.
Background technology
In the working process of direct current micromotor, reverser and brush plate are in contact with one another and relatively sliding, realize the transmission of electric current, keep motor rotation.
The factor that affects the micromotor life-span mainly contains following: when 1, micromotor is worked, there is inevitably sliding frictional wear between reverser and the brush, the abrasive dust that produces because of frictional wear is compressed between reverser and the brush plate, along with the abrasive dust of piling up increases, contact performance between reverser and the brush plate progressively reduces, cause larger contact resistance fluctuation, cause the bad and electrical noise of output waveform, cause non-commutation phase electric arc when serious, non-commutation phase electric arc can further be accelerated again the wearing and tearing of material, finally causes the micromotor life termination;
2, micromotor is in when commutation, and reverser separated with brush plate moment, and the commutation phase arc temperature of generation is very high, usually cause silver alloys fusing, splash, thereby cause reverser to lose efficacy and finally make the micromotor end of life;
3, commutation phase electric arc also makes abrasive dust melting welding cause short circuit easily in the groove of reverser, causes micromotor to crash in early days;
4, electrically contact in the process because the temperature rise meeting that mechanical friction and galvanic action produce descends material surface hardness, reduce its hardness and wear resistance, further aggravate the mechanical wear of material.
Therefore, the raising reverser is to improve the important means of reverser use properties and micromotor work-ing life and stability with wear resistance and the anti electric arc corrosion ability of contact material.
Silver alloys has good electroconductibility and corrosion resistance nature, thereby is the sliding type alloy as electric contact material the most common in the reverser, that consumption is maximum; Because hardness and the fusing point of silver are all on the low side, it resistance to wears and the anti-electric-arc performance exists obviously not enough, can't satisfy the service requirements of micro-motor commutator, therefore available technology adopting the whole bag of tricks improve the performance of silver alloys, at present, by in Ag, adding Cu, Ni, Zn, Pd, Pt, RE(rare earth) etc. the alloying of the element technology that improves the silver alloys performance be widely used; Wherein, commonly used have an AgCuNi alloy, and Ni is insoluble to silver under solid-state, thereby can separate out in matrix with the form of disperse phase, the effect that play crystal grain thinning, improves wear resistance, simultaneously, because its fusing point higher (about 1455 ℃) also can improve the anti-electric-arc ability.But because Ni is face-centred cubic structure, slip system is more, and easily distortion under the External Force Acting is so when friction is serious, still can't effectively improve wear resistance; Simultaneously, when electric arc was strong, Ni still may be melted, and the anti-electric-arc performance that it provides is also limited.Therefore, the Novel sliding that exploitation has better wearability and an anti-electric-arc ability electrically contacts silver alloys, is to improve the reverser performance, prolong the micromotor necessary ways in work-ing life.
Summary of the invention
For the problem in the background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of slip alloy as electric contact material that contains high-melting point alloy element, the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, high-melting point alloy element and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, high-melting point alloy element: 0.1 ~ 1%, surplus is Ag; Described high-melting point alloy element is a kind of (when specifically selecting, the Costco Wholesale that can consider various materials is used on a selective basis) among Re, W, the Mo.
Improvement of the present invention is, Ni composition in the existing AgCuNi alloy is replaced with high-melting point alloy element, than the Ni element, high-melting point alloy element has stronger wear resistance and anti electric arc corrosion ability, the performance of silver alloys is significantly improved, thereby improve the life-span of micromotor.Its action principle is: because the inherent nature of high-melting point alloy element, in the alloying process with itself and silver matrix, high-melting point alloy element can not solid solution in silver matrix, in the solid phase of the silver alloys that finally obtains, high-melting point alloy element can be with second-phase form disperse educt, can play the obvious effect of improving to the wear resistance of silver alloys; The fusing point of high-melting point alloy element is generally higher, basically can reach more than 2620 ℃, therefore the anti electric arc corrosion of high-melting point alloy element is very capable, when producing electric arc, high-melting point alloy element can be because high arc temperature melt, and high-melting point alloy element still is present in the silver matrix with solid-state form, has increased the liquid phase viscosity of the silver matrix of melting, can effectively prevent splashing and running off of silver matrix, thereby improve the anti-electric-arc ability of material monolithic.The contriver finds in a large amount of experiments, if the content of high-melting point alloy element is lower than 0.1%, then its wear-resistant and anti-electric-arc effect can not be not fully exerted, a little less than the improved performance effect to silver alloys, if and the content of high-melting point alloy element is higher than 1%, then the homogeneity of ingredients in the silver alloys is not easy to be guaranteed, and can cause heavy wear to brush, can cause on the contrary micromotor to spend the quick-wearing life-span because of brush reduces, therefore, in the aforesaid prescription, the content of high-melting point alloy element should be accepted or rejected in 0.1 ~ 1% scope.
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, in order further to improve the wear resistance of silver alloys, also can adopt following preferred version: when described high-melting point alloy element adopts W or Mo, can be by in alloying process, processing parameter being controlled, the crystalline structure of W or Mo is present in the slip alloy as electric contact material with the body-centered cubic form, when described high-melting point alloy element adopts Re, the crystalline structure of Re is present in the slip alloy as electric contact material with the close-packed hexagonal form.The W of aforesaid body-centered cubic form or Mo, and the Re of close-packed hexagonal form, their general character is: be not easy to occur viscous deformation under the stress, therefore the distortion that causes of its opposing frictional force and wearing and tearing is very capable, can further effectively improve the wear resistance of silver alloys under the sliding friction condition.The aforesaid high-melting point alloy element that makes is present in scheme in the silver matrix with specific crystalline structure form, can realize by existing, ripe alloying technology.
Described slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface namely forms stratified composite, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.Slip alloy as electric contact material of the present invention is compounded in substrate surface as working lining, is used for making micro-motor commutator, can save precious metal, reduce the production cost of reverser and micromotor;
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, the present invention has proposed respectively again a kind of reverser and a kind of micromotor, and they have benefited from the improvement effect that high-melting point alloy element in the aforementioned schemes plays the performance of silver alloys, thereby obtain high performance reverser and micromotor.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is: by the Ni composition in the existing AgCuNi alloy is replaced with the high-melting point alloy element composition, utilize high-wearing feature and the strong anti-electric-arc ability of high-melting point alloy element, wear resistance and the anti-electric-arc ability of silver alloys are improved, thereby improve the life-span of micromotor, and then use the device of this micromotor or the life-span of equipment also to obtain corresponding raising.
Description of drawings
The stratified composite schematic cross-section that Fig. 1, working lining be stacked when being compounded on all surfaces of basic unit;
Fig. 2, the working lining preparation stratified composite schematic cross-section on the part surface of basic unit the time.
Mark 1 is working lining among the figure, and mark 2 is basic unit.
Embodiment
A kind of slip alloy as electric contact material that contains high-melting point alloy element, the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, high-melting point alloy element and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, high-melting point alloy element: 0.1 ~ 1%, surplus is Ag; Described high-melting point alloy element is a kind of among Re, W, the Mo.
Further, when described high-melting point alloy element adopts W or Mo, the crystalline structure of W or Mo is present in the slip alloy as electric contact material with body-centred cubic form, and when described high-melting point alloy element adopted Re, the crystalline structure of Re was present in the slip alloy as electric contact material with the form of close-packed hexagonal.
A kind of stratified composite, aforementioned slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface formation stratified composite, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.
A kind of reverser adopts aforesaid stratified composite to make reverser.
A kind of micromotor adopts aforesaid reverser to make micromotor.
Implement for the ease of those skilled in the art, the invention allows for a kind of concrete making step:
1) adopt vacuum induction melting to prepare alloy, wherein each element can add with the master alloy form, also can add with form of pure metal; In addition, can also utilize in the production process scrap stock discarded, that composition is qualified as the raw material of preparation new alloy.
2) with the alloy cast ingot for preparing, through techniques such as cogging, rolling, process annealing, drawings, be prepared into band or silk material.
3) adopt hot rolling, warm-rolling or cold rolling compounding technology, the band of above-mentioned band or silk material and copper or copper alloy matter is carried out compound, be made into stratified composite.
Vacuum melting technique, rolling technology, annealing process, drawing process etc. are this area general manufacture craft commonly used, are easy to grasp and implement.
Embodiment:
The alloying constituent of embodiment 1 to 9 (weight percent) as shown in the table:
| Embodiment | Cu | W | Mo | Re | Ag |
| 1 | 8.0% | 0.1% | - | - | |
| 2 | 8.0% | - | 0.1% | - | Surplus |
| 3 | 8.0% | - | - | 0.1% | Surplus |
| 4 | 4.0% | 0.5% | - | - | Surplus |
| 5 | 4.0% | - | 0.5% | - | Surplus |
| 6 | 4.0% | - | - | 0.5% | Surplus |
| 7 | 1.0% | 1.0% | - | - | Surplus |
| 8 | 1.0% | - | 1.0% | - | Surplus |
| 9 | 1.0% | - | - | 1.0% | Surplus |
With existing alloying technology the various prescriptions in the upper table are made alloy, then alloy casting is become ingot, make band through operations such as cogging, rolling, annealing, then adopt general metal level recombining process with alloy strip steel rolled stock and the compound stratified composite that obtains of copper strip, stratified composite total thickness 0.15mm, work bed thickness 0.01mm.
For the difference of the present invention and prior art relatively, the present invention has also designed 2 comparative examples, the silver alloys composition of two comparative examples see the following form (weight percent):
| Comparative example | Cu | Ni | Ag |
| 1 | 4.0% | 0.3% | |
| 2 | 6.0% | 0.4% | Surplus |
Similarly, adopt general processing means to be made as respectively silver alloys by two prescriptions in the comparative example, still silver alloys and copper strip are complex as stratified composite, stratified composite total thickness 0.15mm, work bed thickness 0.01mm.
The band of embodiment 1 ~ 9 and comparative example 1 and 2 is used for being made into micromotor three utmost point reversers, this reverser is assemblied in the micromotor, carry out longevity test, corresponding brush plate material is AgPd50/MX215.
Test condition is as follows:
Probe temperature: 50 ℃
Testing load: 12gcm
Test voltage: 12V
Speed of rotation: 7000rpm
Drive manner: continuously
In the test process, judge the working order of motor by the variation that detects motor speed and electric current, occur that rotating speed or electric current exceed standard or all be judged to be end of life when shutting down.
Test result such as following table:
| Embodiment | Life-span (h) |
| 1 | 2645 |
| 2 | 2640 |
| 3 | 2650 |
| 4 | 2670 |
| 5 | 2665 |
| 6 | 2670 |
| 7 | 2668 |
| 8 | 2654 |
| 9 | 2675 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2255 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2371 |
Conclusion: above-mentioned test result shows, in the AgCu alloy, add the high-melting point alloy element of proper content, can improve wear resistance and the anti-electric-arc ability of commutator material, make working lining, copper or copper alloy take this material and make stratified composite as basic unit, be used for making micro-motor commutator, compare with the micro-motor commutator of existing AgCuNi alloy made, under identical operational conditions, demonstrate longer work-ing life, reached the purpose that improves micromotor working life and stability.
Claims (5)
1. slip alloy as electric contact material that contains high-melting point alloy element, it is characterized in that: the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, high-melting point alloy element and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, high-melting point alloy element: 0.1 ~ 1%, surplus is Ag; Described high-melting point alloy element is a kind of among Re, W, the Mo.
2. the slip alloy as electric contact material that contains high-melting point alloy element according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described high-melting point alloy element adopts W or Mo, the crystalline structure of W or Mo is present in the slip alloy as electric contact material with body-centred cubic form, when described high-melting point alloy element adopted Re, the crystalline structure of Re was present in the slip alloy as electric contact material with the form of close-packed hexagonal.
3. stratified composite is characterized in that: each described slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface in the claim 1 ~ 2, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.
4. a reverser is characterized in that: adopt stratified composite claimed in claim 3 to make reverser.
5. a micromotor is characterized in that: adopt reverser claimed in claim 4 to make micromotor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012105603152A CN103060599A (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Sliding electric contact alloy containing high-melting-point alloy element and laminar composite thereof |
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| CN2012105603152A CN103060599A (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Sliding electric contact alloy containing high-melting-point alloy element and laminar composite thereof |
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| CN103060599A true CN103060599A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108494209A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-04 | 深圳市精锐昌科技有限公司 | A kind of long-life minitype speed reducing motor |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0935553A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-07 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Manufacture of oxide superconducting wire rod |
| CN1150861A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-05-28 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, commutator employing said material and direct current motor employing said commutator |
-
2012
- 2012-12-21 CN CN2012105603152A patent/CN103060599A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1150861A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-05-28 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, commutator employing said material and direct current motor employing said commutator |
| JPH0935553A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-02-07 | Natl Res Inst For Metals | Manufacture of oxide superconducting wire rod |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| A.凯尔等: "《电接触和电接触材料》", 31 August 1993, article "电接触和电接触材料", pages: 230-236 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108494209A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-09-04 | 深圳市精锐昌科技有限公司 | A kind of long-life minitype speed reducing motor |
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Application publication date: 20130424 |