CN103045893A - Sliding electrical contact carbide-containing alloy and laminated composite material thereof - Google Patents
Sliding electrical contact carbide-containing alloy and laminated composite material thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103045893A CN103045893A CN2012105603307A CN201210560330A CN103045893A CN 103045893 A CN103045893 A CN 103045893A CN 2012105603307 A CN2012105603307 A CN 2012105603307A CN 201210560330 A CN201210560330 A CN 201210560330A CN 103045893 A CN103045893 A CN 103045893A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sliding electrical contact carbide-containing alloy. The sliding electrical contact carbide-containing alloy is characterized in that the sliding electrical contact alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-8 percent of Cu, 0.1-0.5 percent of Ni, 1-5 percent of Zn, 0.5-2 percent of carbide and the balance of Ag, wherein the carbide is one of the SiC, TiC, WC, and VC. The sliding electrical contact carbide-containing alloy has the benefits that by adding the carbide into an existing silver alloy to obtain a new silver alloy material, the new silver alloy material can benefit from that the carbide can enhance a Ag matrix, so that the silver alloy material has the characteristics of high wear resistance and strong anti-arc ability, and can be applied to the production of a commutator in a micro-motor to obtain the micro-motor with high performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy material for micro-motor commutator, relate in particular to a kind of slip alloy as electric contact material and stratified composite thereof of carbide-containing.
Background technology
In the working process of direct current micromotor, reverser and brush plate are in contact with one another and relatively sliding, realize the transmission of electric current, keep motor rotation.
The factor that affects the micromotor life-span mainly contains following: when 1, micromotor is worked, there is inevitably sliding frictional wear between reverser and the brush, the abrasive dust that produces because of frictional wear is compressed between reverser and the brush plate, along with the abrasive dust of piling up increases, contact performance between reverser and the brush plate progressively reduces, cause larger contact resistance fluctuation, cause the bad and electrical noise of output waveform, cause non-commutation phase electric arc when serious, non-commutation phase electric arc can further be accelerated again the wearing and tearing of material, finally causes the micromotor life termination;
2, micromotor is in when commutation, and reverser separated with brush plate moment, and the commutation phase arc temperature of generation is very high, usually cause silver alloys fusing, splash, thereby cause reverser to lose efficacy and finally make the micromotor end of life;
3, commutation phase electric arc also makes abrasive dust melting welding cause short circuit easily in the groove of reverser, causes micromotor to crash in early days;
4, electrically contact in the process because the temperature rise meeting that mechanical friction and galvanic action produce descends material surface hardness, reduce its hardness and wear resistance, further aggravate the mechanical wear of material.
Therefore, the raising reverser is to improve the important means of reverser use properties and micromotor work-ing life and stability with wear resistance and the anti electric arc corrosion ability of contact material.
Silver alloys has good electroconductibility and corrosion resistance nature, thereby is the sliding type alloy as electric contact material the most common in the reverser, that consumption is maximum; But hardness and the fusing point of silver are all on the low side, resistance to wear and the obvious deficiency of anti-electric-arc performance existence, can't satisfy the service requirements of micro-motor commutator, those skilled in the art have adopted the whole bag of tricks to improve its performance, at present, by Cu, Ni, Zn, Pd, Pt, RE(rare earth) etc. the alloying of element and the silver alloys technology that improves the silver alloys performance be widely used; But, along with social development, engineering field is also improving constantly the requirement of micromotor performance, therefore existing reverser is difficult to meet the demands with the slip alloy as electric contact material, introduces new reinforcement constituent element, development of new commutator material and be that the sliding type contact material is researched and developed and the prior development direction of production department.
Summary of the invention
A kind of slip alloy as electric contact material of carbide-containing, the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, Ni, Zn, carbide and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, Ni:0.1 ~ 0.5%, Zn:1 ~ 5%, carbide: 0.5 ~ 2%, surplus is Ag; Described carbide is a kind of (in concrete the production, the cost that can consider various materials is used on a selective basis) among SiC, TiC, WC, the VC.
Improvement of the present invention is, by adding carbide in existing silver alloys, thereby the wear resistance of silver alloys and anti-electric-arc ability is improved, and then produces high performance reverser and micromotor.Why adopt carbide to improve the performance of silver alloys, reason has: carbide has high rigidity, dystectic characteristic, when it is distributed in the silver matrix, can improve by dispersion-strengthened mechanism the hardness of silver matrix, simultaneously, carbide self also has the ability of very strong opposing skimming wear, thereby the overall wear resistance of material is improved, and reduces the generation of abrasive dust; In addition, because carbide has high fusing point, under the effect of high arc temperature, can not melt, when melting under the effect of silver matrix in high arc temperature, tiny carbide particle is dispersed in the silver of melting, increase the liquid phase viscosity of the silver of molten state, can effectively prevent splashing and running off of silver matrix, thereby improved the anti-electric-arc ability of material monolithic.
The contriver also finds in experimentation, if the content of carbide is lower than 0.5%, then its wear-resistant and anti-electric-arc effect can not be given full play to, to the improved performance effect of silver alloys a little less than; If the content of carbide is higher than 2%, the contact resistance in the time of then can enlarging markedly sliding contact, and brush caused heavy wear, and can reduce the micromotor life-span on the contrary, therefore, the consumption of carbide should be accepted or rejected in 0.5 ~ 2% scope.
For the quantity that guarantees carbide particle in the silver matrix and the homogeneity of distribution, the present invention has also carried out preferably the granularity of carbide: under existing working condition, if the granularity of carbide is lower than 0.5 μ m, then particle is too tiny, in transportation, agglomeration appears easily in preservation and the use procedure, its dispersiveness and homogeneity in silver matrix is difficult to be guaranteed, and then cause the consistence of material property and stability to reduce, can not satisfy the requirement of production in enormous quantities, if the granularity of carbide is greater than 3 μ m, then particle is too thick, and this has reduced the quantity of carbide particle in the silver matrix on the one hand, be difficult to reach the reinforced effects of expection, on the other hand, can seriously reduce the processing performance of material, in the production, cracking phenomena appears in finished product band easily, can not satisfy equally the requirement of production in enormous quantities; In addition, too thick particle also can have a negative impact to contact resistance and brush, therefore the mean particle size of carbide should be controlled in 0.5 ~ 3 mu m range, during production, can process by raw material is sieved and filter out the raw material that mean particle size meets the demands.
Described slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface formation stratified composite, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.Slip alloy as electric contact material of the present invention is compounded in substrate surface as working lining, is used for making micro-motor commutator, can save precious metal, reduce the production cost of reverser and micromotor.
Aforesaid stratified composite be used for is made reverser, and and then produce micromotor, the performance of micromotor is improved.
Useful technique effect of the present invention is: by add carbide in existing silver alloys, thereby obtain new silver alloy, have benefited from carbide to the enhancement of silver matrix, this silver alloy possesses the characteristic of high-wearing feature and strong anti-electric-arc ability, the reverser that is applied in the micromotor is made, and can obtain high performance micromotor.
Description of drawings
The stratified composite schematic cross-section that Fig. 1, working lining be stacked when being compounded on all surfaces of basic unit;
Fig. 2, the working lining preparation stratified composite schematic cross-section on the part surface of basic unit the time.
Mark 1 is working lining among the figure, and mark 2 is basic unit.
Embodiment
A kind of slip alloy as electric contact material of carbide-containing, the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, Ni, Zn, carbide and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, Ni:0.1 ~ 0.5%, Zn:1 ~ 5%, carbide: 0.5 ~ 2%, surplus is Ag; Described carbide is a kind of among SiC, TiC, WC, the VC.
Further, the mean particle size of described carbide is 0.5 ~ 3 μ m.
A kind of stratified composite, aforementioned slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface formation stratified composite, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.
A kind of reverser adopts aforesaid stratified composite to make reverser.
A kind of micromotor adopts aforesaid reverser to make micromotor.
Implement for the ease of those skilled in the art, introduce the concrete preparation method that a kind of contriver adopts here:
1) adopt water atomization to prepare AgCuZnNi powdered alloy (the AgCuZnNi alloy can adopt the finished product alloy, also can adopt pure metal, only sets forth as an example of the finished product alloy example) here.
2) above-mentioned powdered alloy and carbide powder are mixed, wherein the mean particle size of carbide powder can be 0.5 ~ 3 μ m by the processing controls of sieving.
3) powder that mixes is carried out isostatic pressing, form the blank of ingot shape.
4) blank that suppresses is placed ammonia dissolving atmosphere or pure hydrogen atmosphere carry out sintering.
5) blank that sinters is pushed.
6) good blank be will push by techniques such as rolling, process annealing, drawings, band or silk material will be prepared into.
7) adopt hot rolling, warm-rolling or cold rolling compounding technology, the band of above-mentioned band or silk material and copper or copper alloy material is carried out compound, be made into stratified composite.
Embodiment:
In order to verify effect of the present invention, the contriver has designed 12 embodiment, has listed the prescription (weight percent) that each embodiment adopts in the following table:
| Embodiment | Cu | Ni | Zn | SiC | TiC | WC | VC | Carbide size r | Ag |
| 1 | 8.0% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 0.5% | - | - | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | |
| 2 | 8.0% | 0.5% | 1.0% | - | 0.5% | - | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 3 | 8.0% | 0.5% | 1.0% | - | - | 0.5% | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 4 | 8.0% | 0.5% | 1.0% | - | - | - | 0.5% | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 5 | 4.0% | 0.3% | 3.0% | 1.0% | - | - | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 6 | 4.0% | 0.3% | 3.0% | - | 1.0% | - | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 7 | 4.0% | 0.3% | 3.0% | - | - | 1.0% | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 8 | 4.0% | 0.3% | 3.0% | - | - | - | 1.0% | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 9 | 1.0% | 0.1% | 5.0% | 2.0% | - | - | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 10 | 1.0% | 0.1% | 5.0% | - | 2.0% | - | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 11 | 1.0% | 0.1% | 5.0% | - | - | 2.0% | - | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
| 12 | 1.0% | 0.1% | 5.0% | - | - | - | 2.0% | 0.5μm≤r≤3μm | Surplus |
By the listed prescription of upper table, with common process or technique described herein, it is made as the finished product stratified composite, the total thickness of this stratified composite is 0.25mm, working lining thickness is 0.03mm, and basic unit adopts copper to do, and then it is made as reverser and is installed in the micromotor; Corresponding brush plate material is AgPd50/MX215.
In order to compare the difference of the present invention and prior art, the contriver has also designed 2 comparative examples, 2 prescriptions following (weight percent) that comparative example adopts:
| Comparative example | Cu | Ni | Zn | Ag |
| 1 | 4.0% | 0.3% | 4.0% | |
| 2 | 6.0% | 0.4% | 2.0% | Surplus |
Similarly, produce respectively the silver alloys band with common process by the prescription of 2 comparative examples, again silver alloys band and copper basic unit are complex as stratified composite, the total thickness of this stratified composite is 0.25mm, working lining thickness is 0.03mm, then it is made as reverser and is installed in the micromotor; Corresponding brush plate material is AgPd50/MX215.
Micromotor to embodiment 1 ~ 12 and comparative example 1 and 2 carries out longevity test, and test condition is as follows:
Probe temperature :-40 ℃
Testing load: 8gcm
Test voltage: 10V
Speed of rotation: 5000rpm
Drive manner: continuously
In the test process, judge the working order of motor by the variation that detects motor speed and electric current, occur that rotating speed or electric current exceed standard or all be judged to be end of life when shutting down.
Test result sees the following form:
| Embodiment | Life-span (h) |
| 1 | 652 |
| 2 | 640 |
| 3 | 653 |
| 4 | 680 |
| 5 | 665 |
| 6 | 670 |
| 7 | 668 |
| 8 | 650 |
| 9 | 645 |
| 10 | 630 |
| 11 | 623 |
| 12 | 683 |
| Comparative example 1 | 455 |
| Comparative example 2 | 535 |
Conclusion: above-mentioned test result shows, in the AgCuZnNi alloy, add the carbide of proper content and granularity, can improve wear resistance and the anti-electric-arc ability of commutator material, make working lining, copper take this material and make stratified composite as basic unit, be used for making micro-motor commutator, compare with the micro-motor commutator of existing AgCuZnNi alloy made, under identical operational conditions, demonstrate longer work-ing life, reached the purpose that improves micromotor working life and stability.
Claims (5)
1. the slip alloy as electric contact material of a carbide-containing, it is characterized in that: the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, Ni, Zn, carbide and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, Ni:0.1 ~ 0.5%, Zn:1 ~ 5%, carbide: 0.5 ~ 2%, surplus is Ag; Described carbide is a kind of among SiC, TiC, WC, the VC.
2. the slip alloy as electric contact material of carbide-containing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mean particle size of described carbide is 0.5 ~ 3 μ m.
3. stratified composite is characterized in that: each described slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface in the claim 1 ~ 2, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.
4. a reverser is characterized in that: adopt stratified composite claimed in claim 3 to make reverser.
5. a micromotor is characterized in that: adopt reverser claimed in claim 4 to make micromotor.
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| CN2012105603307A CN103045893A (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Sliding electrical contact carbide-containing alloy and laminated composite material thereof |
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| CN2012105603307A CN103045893A (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Sliding electrical contact carbide-containing alloy and laminated composite material thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114807665A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-29 | 安徽工程大学 | Silver-copper-zinc alloy strip |
| CN115896530A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-04 | 贵研中希（上海）新材料科技有限公司 | High-performance AgCuNi composite material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101608272A (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2009-12-23 | 温州宏丰电工合金有限公司 | AgNi electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN101831571A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-15 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Silver-nickel-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102392153A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-03-28 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Micromotor commutator electric contact material for raising wear resistance and arc erosion resistance |
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2012
- 2012-12-21 CN CN2012105603307A patent/CN103045893A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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| CN101608272A (en) * | 2009-07-20 | 2009-12-23 | 温州宏丰电工合金有限公司 | AgNi electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN101831571A (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2010-09-15 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Silver-nickel-based electrical contact material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102392153A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-03-28 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Micromotor commutator electric contact material for raising wear resistance and arc erosion resistance |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114807665A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-29 | 安徽工程大学 | Silver-copper-zinc alloy strip |
| CN114807665B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-12-16 | 安徽工程大学 | Silver-copper-zinc alloy strip |
| CN115896530A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-04 | 贵研中希（上海）新材料科技有限公司 | High-performance AgCuNi composite material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130417 |