CN102102157A - Multicomponent composite copper alloy electrical contact material - Google Patents
Multicomponent composite copper alloy electrical contact material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102102157A CN102102157A CN2010106249378A CN201010624937A CN102102157A CN 102102157 A CN102102157 A CN 102102157A CN 2010106249378 A CN2010106249378 A CN 2010106249378A CN 201010624937 A CN201010624937 A CN 201010624937A CN 102102157 A CN102102157 A CN 102102157A
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Abstract
A multicomponent composite copper alloy electrical contact material is based on copper-tellurium alloy. The preparation method of the electrical contact material is as follows: according to different service conditions, at least one component of aluminum, lanthanum (cerium), cadmium, diamond and metal oxide is added in the copper-tellurium alloy to smelt or perform composite smelting through the powder metallurgy method. The electrical contact material is characterized by reasonable proportion, high melt resistance, low bulk resistance, good ablation resistance, low cost, long service life and the like; by adopting the alloy to increase the oxidation resistance of the contact substrate, the difficult problem that when the copper-based contact is used, the contact resistance is unstable, can be solved; and according to the different service conditions of the contact, other components are added targetedly, thus the breaking capacity and service life of the material can be increased and the production and use requirements of the contact for the low-voltage electrical apparatus can be met comprehensively.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is the electrical material field, more particularly is the polynary complex copper alloy contact material about contact material special uses such as alternating current contactor, switch, isolating switch and low-voltage apparatus, electric energy conversion electrical equipment.
Background technology
As everyone knows, most of low-voltage apparatus contact materials all are precious metals, and silver-base alloy or matrix material commonly used are more, though silver-based material can keep contact to have good military service characteristic, with the mass consumption rare precious metal; Also can be stolen and artificial destruction for outdoor electrical equipment, be caused unnecessary loss to power network line and electrical equipment user because of the use of noble metal.
At present, global rare precious metal resource is very poor, causes its price to raise up gradually, research and development joint silver and more and more stronger for the demand of silver contact.Copper has many superior physical propertys as contact material: indexs such as thermal conductivity, electroconductibility, thermal capacitance, fusing point, boiling point, the latent heat of fusion and the latent heat of vaporization are all higher, therefore researching and developing a kind of complex copper substitutes the matrix that silver becomes contact material of new generation, to satisfy the user demand of electric power and electrical equipment.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of elimination above-mentioned shortcoming, have reasonable ratio, melt resistance is strong, body resistance is little, and ablation resistance is good, cost is low, the polynary complex copper alloy contact material of characteristics such as long service life.Especially added multi-element composite material, the contact material of being produced has higher anti-oxidant and resistance to corrosion, and the breaking current ability keeps lower contact resistance under arms in the process, the substance transfer amount of material is lower under DC condition, has creep rupture strength preferably simultaneously.The present invention calls in the resistance of oxidation of passing through to improve with alloy the contact matrix, solved the copper base contact unsettled chronic illness of contact resistance in use, difference according to the contact working conditions, add other constituent elements targetedly, improve the breaking capacity and the service life of material, reached production and the service requirements of low-voltage apparatus comprehensively with the contact.
At present, the copper-based non-silver contact material mainly contains metallic copper, cadmium, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum and boron nitride, its composition proportion of diadust following (wt%): diamond particles: 0.01-3.0, boron nitride: 0.050.5, cadmium: 0.5-4.0, vanadium: 0.1-8.0, niobium: 0.2-6.0, molybdenum: 0.2-5.0, copper are surplus.The total content of refractory metal (vanadium, niobium, molybdenum) is no more than 10%.This material has higher arc ablation resistance, lower body resistance (2.0-3.8 μ Ω cm), sufficiently high hardness (HB=60-65) and resistance fusion welding, comparatively stable contact resistance.But the creep rupture strength level of this material is not high, splash is arranged and form the whisker phenomenon to occur, and causes contact pair contact under heavy loading (AC4) condition to take place to damage fast after the cyclical operation in several cycles.This mainly is because the wettability between diamond particles and the copper matrix is relatively poor.Between diamond particles and matrix, form Chemical bond, when particularly on the phase interface of diamond and matrix, forming carbide, can guarantee that bonding strength is higher.At this moment, require to contain a large amount of carbide forming elements in the matrix.
Although contain refractory carbides forming element (niobium, vanadium, molybdenum) in this material, under relatively low sintering temperature (900 ℃), the kinetics resistance of above-mentioned metal formation carbide is big (4).Be that carbide is difficult to form when sintering, phase interface bonding strength is lower, therefore causes the contact physical strength lower, and especially the material creep rupture strength under the cyclic loading effect descends, and causes that these reliabilities that all can make device for switching reduce.
In addition, the refractory metal element meeting solid solution of being added in the above-mentioned materials among the copper matrix (although solid solubility is less), and the dispersion coefficient in the copper matrix is bigger, and therefore under the shock load condition, material can show higher plasticity.
The present invention calls in the resistance of oxidation of passing through to improve with alloy the contact matrix, solved the copper base contact unsettled chronic illness of contact resistance in use, difference according to the contact working conditions, add other constituent elements targetedly, improve the breaking capacity and the service life of material, reached production and the service requirements of low-voltage apparatus comprehensively with the contact.
Polynary complex copper alloy contact material of the present invention is based on the metallic copper tellurium alloy, and according to different service conditions, any component melting or the compound smelting of powder metallurgic method of adding aluminium, lanthanum (cerium), cadmium, diamond, metal oxide at least form.Also can in the base mateiral of metallic copper tellurium alloy, add aluminium, lanthanum (cerium), cadmium, diamond, metal oxide wantonly two kinds or three kinds of constituent element meltings or metallurgical moulding.
Above-mentioned other constituent elements such as aluminium, lanthanum (cerium), cadmium, diamond, metal oxide that add in the base mateiral of metallic copper tellurium alloy, wherein the content of each constituent element (wt%) is as follows: tellurium: 0.05-5, lanthanum (cerium): 0.05-2, aluminium: 0.1-2, magnesium: 0.2-5.0, cadmium: 0.5-4, diamond: 0.2-2, Me:02-8.
Test shows, decides to prescribe a time limit under the scope when the content that adds constituent element is lower than above-mentioned table, and these constituent elements are to the not bigger contribution of military service performance of body material; And when the content that adds constituent element is higher than above-mentioned table and decides range limit, will cause the rapid deterioration of contact performance.Putting up with the composite oxides that added below sets forth the validity of copper-base contact material performance.
1, the effect of tellurium: tellurium can significantly improve the resistance of oxidation and the resistance to corrosion of copper, makes material can keep lower contact resistance, and material is in use kept lower temperature rise, has very great help.The affiliation that adds of tellurium simultaneously reduces the weldability of copper greatly, thereby reaches the ability that improves the material breaking current.
2, the effect of aluminium: when aluminium exists on a small quantity, promptly can improve the resistance of oxidation of copper in copper, but also can reduce electroconductibility simultaneously, therefore a small amount of the adding, the stable material temperature rise still be had positive effect.
3, the effect of rare earth: people find that very early trace rare-earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium, yttrium have restraining effect to the oxidation of copper alloy.It is generally acknowledged that trace rare-earth element is fairly obvious to the raising effect of copper alloy oxidation-resistance, mainly is owing to there is the high price rare-earth cation to exist in the lattice of oxide film.Research also shows, and is during the too high levels of rare earth element, little to the raising contribution of the oxidation-resistance of copper alloy.And, owing to lower, the too high content of rare earth of ionization energy of rare earth element, can reduce the striking voltage of material, make the anti-electric-arc ablation ability drop of material.
4, the effect of magnesium: magnesium has desoxydatoin to copper, can improve simultaneously the high-temperature oxidation resistance of copper, because it is the solid solubility of magnesium in copper is very low, little to the influence of material electroconductibility, but the affiliation that adds in a large number of magnesium reduces Drawing abillity, therefore should not add too much.
5, the effect of cadmium: cadmium can improve the intensity of copper, wear resistance, reduce electrical arc erosion, improve the resistance of oxidation of copper etc., and the electroconductibility influence to material is little, but because the toxicity of cadmium is very big, has been limited in the contact material field at present to use, therefore, only in the appliance contact of part special operation condition, use.
6, adamantine effect: add the breaking capacity that diadust can improve material, in the copper-based electric contact material of using at present, be confirmed, and obtain to use.But diadust can improve contact resistance, and can reduce the electric life of material, therefore in use is subjected to a lot of limitations.
7, the effect of metal oxide: refractory metal complex oxides such as Cadmium oxide, zinc oxide and lanthanum acid copper have high melt point, boiling point, the latent heat of fusion and the latent heat of vaporization, thereby have improved the anti-ablative and resistance fusion welding of material.
From the kinetics angle, the refractory metal complex oxide can not exist with the highest oxidation valence state in the middle of the copper matrix, and the electroconductibility of transition state oxide compound is higher; Simultaneously, above-mentioned oxidation state metal can solid solution in solid phase copper, and is therefore little to the specific conductivity influence of matrix alloy.In addition, nano level refractory metal oxidase complex composition granule has tangible dispersion-strengthened action.Can obtain the alloy of above-mentioned composition by melting, perhaps utilize powder metallurgic method, above-mentioned materials is prepared into contact members.
Embodiment
Above-mentioned interpolation constituent element powder taken advantage of according to a certain ratio get, in mixed powder machine, mixed about 1 hour then; Mixed powder is pressed into blank in steel mould, compacting pressure is 3.5-5KPa; Pressed compact carries out sintering in protective atmosphere, sintering temperature is 900-1000 ℃; Multiple pressure mainly is to be the raising density of material, and pressure is 10-12KPa again; 400-550 ℃ of annealing of final employing is to eliminate stress and to optimize tissue.
Utilize the prepared contact members performance index that go out of the present invention as follows: density is 8.2-8.9g/cm
3Hardness is HB=650-1050MPa; Resistivity is 1.9-2.7 μ Ω .cm.
The contact standard specimen of contact members of preparing as stated above and standard carries out the contrast experiment on the special test stand, contact surface temperature rise and contact drop under the test nominal current conditions.Detailed data is listed in (the contrast sample is represented with X) in the table.
Test conditions satisfies GB GB14048.Experimental prototype adopts the CJ20-63 alternating current contactor, and the temperature rise value of being tested is the difference of contact temperature and envrionment temperature, and institute's galvanization is agreement heating current I=80A.Test-results in the table is the mean value of energising 6～12 pairs of contact temperature rise values of mensuration after 5 hours.
By the table in as seen, the contact drop of military service contact surface (being contact resistance) is very low, temperature rise value is also very low.Switch on after 30-60 minute, data value is promptly stable in the table, after experimentation in remain unchanged always.
Material preparation of the present invention is become contact, be installed on CJ20-63 alternating current contactor and the DZ47-60 miniature circuit breaker, supervise inspection center at national low-voltage apparatus and carried out complete detection.Detected result shows, uses the electrical equipment of material of the present invention to satisfy GB14048 low-voltage apparatus standard and other relevant criterion fully, contact military service stable performance, and the creep rupture strength height has guaranteed the reliability of electrical equipment.
The contact standard specimen surface temperature rise of contact members and standard and contact drop data contrast sample table
Claims (3)
1. polynary complex copper alloy contact material, it is characterized in that it being based on the metallic copper tellurium alloy, according to different service conditions, any component melting or the compound smelting of powder metallurgic method of adding aluminium, lanthanum (cerium), cadmium, diamond, metal oxide at least form.
2. polynary complex copper alloy contact material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that adding aluminium, lanthanum (cerium), cadmium, diamond, metal oxide wantonly two kinds or three kinds of constituent element meltings or metallurgical moulding in the base mateiral of metallic copper tellurium alloy.
3. polynary complex copper alloy contact material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that adding in the base mateiral of metallic copper tellurium alloy aluminium, lanthanum (cerium), cadmium, diamond, metal oxide, wherein the content of each constituent element (wt%) is as follows: tellurium: 0.05-5, lanthanum (cerium): 0.05-2, aluminium: 0.1-2, magnesium: 0.2-5.0, cadmium: 0.5-4, diamond: 0.2-2, Me:02-8.
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| CN2010106249378A CN102102157A (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2010-12-17 | Multicomponent composite copper alloy electrical contact material |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103208375A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-07-17 | 哈尔滨东大高新材料股份有限公司 | Copper alloy contact material for alternating current contactor, and method for preparing copper alloy contact material |
| CN104505136A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 乐清市长虹电工合金材料有限公司 | Ceramic-shaped niobium copper hard special copper-based alloy electrical contact and preparation method thereof |
| CN115491537A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-20 | 河南工业大学 | High-thermal-conductivity diamond/copper composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115821094A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-21 | 哈尔滨东大高新材料股份有限公司 | Copper-based electrical contact material with high tellurium content and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103208375A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2013-07-17 | 哈尔滨东大高新材料股份有限公司 | Copper alloy contact material for alternating current contactor, and method for preparing copper alloy contact material |
| CN104505136A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-08 | 乐清市长虹电工合金材料有限公司 | Ceramic-shaped niobium copper hard special copper-based alloy electrical contact and preparation method thereof |
| CN115491537A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-20 | 河南工业大学 | High-thermal-conductivity diamond/copper composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115821094A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-21 | 哈尔滨东大高新材料股份有限公司 | Copper-based electrical contact material with high tellurium content and preparation method thereof |
| CN115821094B (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-03-29 | 哈尔滨东大高新材料股份有限公司 | Copper-based electrical contact material with high tellurium content and preparation method thereof |
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Address after: Shinan District 266071 Shandong city of Qingdao province Ningxia Road No. 129 room 805 Applicant after: Gu Wenwei Address before: 266032 No. 40, No. 1 Industrial Park, Wan An Road, Huangdao District, Shandong, Qingdao Applicant before: Gu Wenwei |
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