CN103014402B - Alloy as electric contact material and its laminar composite are slided in high-melting point alloy element enhancing - Google Patents
Alloy as electric contact material and its laminar composite are slided in high-melting point alloy element enhancing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103014402B CN103014402B CN201210562157.4A CN201210562157A CN103014402B CN 103014402 B CN103014402 B CN 103014402B CN 201210562157 A CN201210562157 A CN 201210562157A CN 103014402 B CN103014402 B CN 103014402B
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Abstract
Alloy as electric contact material is slided the invention discloses a kind of enhancing of high-melting point alloy element, the composition for sliding alloy as electric contact material is made up of Cu, Zn, high-melting point alloy element and Ag；The weight percentage of various composition is respectively：Cu：1~8%、Zn：1 ~ 5%, high-melting point alloy element：0.1 ~ 1%, balance of Ag；The high-melting point alloy element is the one kind in Re, W, Mo.The method have the benefit that：High-melting point alloy element composition is replaced with by by the Ni compositions in existing AgCuNi alloys, using the high-wearing feature and strong arc resistant ability of high-melting point alloy element, improved the wearability of silver alloy and arc resistant ability, so as to improve the life-span of micro machine, and then device using the micro machine or the life-span of equipment are also accordingly improved.
Description
Technical field
Increase the present invention relates to a kind of material for making micro-motor commutator, more particularly to a kind of high-melting point alloy element
It is strong to slide alloy as electric contact material and its laminar composite.
Background technology
In the course of work of direct current micromotor, commutator and brush plate contact with each other and relative slip, realize electric current
Transmission, keeps motor rotation.
Influenceing the factor in micro machine life-span mainly has following：1st, when micro machine works, between commutator and brush not
There is sliding frictional wear with can avoiding, because the abrasive dust that fretting wear is produced is compressed between commutator and brush plate, with
The abrasive dust of accumulation increases, and the contact performance between commutator and brush plate is gradually reduced, and causes larger contact resistance to fluctuate, and leads
Cause output waveform bad and electrical noise, cause non-commutation phase electric arc, non-commutation phase electric arc to further speed up material again when serious
Abrasion, ultimately result in micro machine life termination；
2nd, in commutation, commutator is separated micro machine with brush plate moment, and the commutation phase arc temperature of generation is very high, usually
Cause the fusing of silver alloy, splash, so as to cause commutator to fail and finally make micro machine end-of-life；
3rd, commutation phase electric arc is also easy to make abrasive dust melting welding cause short circuit in the groove of commutator, causes micro machine early stage dead
Machine；
4th, because the temperature rise produced by mechanical friction and the function of current can decline material surface hardness during making electrical contact with,
Its hardness and wearability are reduced, the mechanical wear of material is further exacerbated by.
Therefore, the wearability and anti electric arc corrosion ability for improving commutator contact material are to improve commutator usability
Can be with micro machine service life and the important means of stability.
Silver alloy has excellent electric conductivity and a decay resistance, thus is the maximum cunning of most common, consumption in commutator
Dynamic formula alloy as electric contact material；Because the hardness and fusing point of silver are relatively low, its wear-resistant and arc resistance can exist substantially not enough, it is impossible to
Meeting the use requirement of micro-motor commutator, therefore employ various methods in the prior art improves the performance of silver alloy, mesh
Before, by adding Cu, Ni, Zn, Pd, Pt, RE in Ag（Rare earth）The technology of silver alloy performance is improved Deng the alloying of element
Have been obtained for being widely applied；Wherein, more common to have AgCuZnNi alloys, Ni, thus can be with the solid state insoluble in silver
The form of disperse phase is separated out in matrix, is played a part of crystal grain thinning, wearability is improved, simultaneously as its fusing point is higher（About
1455℃）, it is also possible to improve arc resistant ability.But, because Ni is face-centred cubic structure, slip system is more, under external force effect
It is easily deformed, so when rubbing serious, wearability still cannot be effectively improved；Meanwhile, when electric arc is strong, Ni still may
It is melted, its arc resistance for providing can be also limited.Therefore, exploitation is new with more preferable wear resistance and arc resistant ability
Slidingtype makes electrical contact with silver alloy, is to improve commutator performance, the necessary ways of extension micro machine service life.
The content of the invention
For the problem in background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of high-melting point alloy element enhancing and slides electrical contact conjunction
Gold, the composition for sliding alloy as electric contact material is made up of Cu, Zn, high-melting point alloy element and Ag；The weight percentage of various composition
Respectively：Cu：1~8%、Zn：1 ~ 5%, high-melting point alloy element：0.1 ~ 1%, balance of Ag；The high-melting point alloy element be Re,
One kind in W, Mo（When specifically selecting, the Costco Wholesale that can consider various materials is used on a selective basis）.
Improvement of the invention is that the Ni compositions in existing AgCuNi alloys are replaced with into high-melting point alloy element,
Compared to Ni elements, high-melting point alloy element has stronger wearability and anti electric arc corrosion ability, can make the property of silver alloy
Can significantly improve, so as to improve the life-span of micro machine.Its action principle is：Due to the inherency of high-melting point alloy element
Matter, by its alloying process with silver matrix, high-melting point alloy element can not be solid-solution in silver matrix, what is finally given
In the solid phase of silver alloy, high-melting point alloy element be able to can be played with the second phase form disperse educt, the wearability to silver alloy
Obvious improvement；The fusing point of high-melting point alloy element is universal higher, can substantially reach more than 2620 DEG C, therefore Gao Rong
The anti electric arc corrosion of point alloying element is very capable, and when producing electric arc, high-melting point alloy element will not melt because of high arc temperature,
High-melting point alloy element is still present in silver matrix in solid form, increases the liquid phase viscosity of the silver matrix of melting, can be with
The splashing and loss of silver matrix are effectively prevented, so as to improve the overall arc resistant ability of material.Inventor is in substantial amounts of experiment
Middle discovery, if the content of high-melting point alloy element is less than 0.1%, its is wear-resistant and arc resistant effect can not be not fully exerted,
It is weaker to the effect of the performance improvement of silver alloy, and if the content of high-melting point alloy element is higher than 1%, the composition in silver alloy is equal
Even property is not readily available guarantee, and heavy wear can be caused to brush, can cause micro machine because brush crosses quick-wearing on the contrary and
Service life reduction, therefore, in foregoing formula, the content of high-melting point alloy element should be accepted or rejected in the range of 0.1 ~ 1%.
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, in order to further improve the wearability of silver alloy, following preferred scheme can be also used：
When the high-melting point alloy element use W or Mo when, technological parameter can be controlled by alloying process, make W or
The crystal structure of Mo is present in slip alloy as electric contact material in body-centered cubic form, when the high-melting point alloy element uses Re
When, the crystal structure of Re is present in slip alloy as electric contact material in close-packed hexagonal form.The W of foregoing body-centered cubic form or
Mo, and close-packed hexagonal form Re, their general character is：It is less likely to occur plastic deformation under stress, therefore it is resisted
Deformation that frictional force is caused and abrasion it is very capable, can effectively further improve silver alloy under the conditions of sliding friction
Wearability.The foregoing scheme for making high-melting point alloy element be present in specific crystal structure form in silver matrix, can pass through
Existing, ripe alloying technology is realized.
Described slip alloy as electric contact material stacking is embedded in copper or copper alloy surface forms laminar composite, wherein
Copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.Slip alloy as electric contact material of the invention is answered as working lining
Close in substrate surface, for making micro-motor commutator, noble metal can be saved, reduce being produced into for commutator and micro machine
This；
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, the present invention proposes a kind of commutator and a kind of micro machine respectively again, and they obtain
Beneficial to the improvement result that high-melting point alloy element in aforementioned schemes is played to the performance of silver alloy, so as to obtain high performance changing
To device and micro machine.
The method have the benefit that：Closed by the way that the Ni compositions in existing AgCuNi alloys are replaced with into high-melting-point
Gold element composition, using the high-wearing feature and strong arc resistant ability of high-melting point alloy element, makes the wearability of silver alloy and anti-electricity
Arc ability is improved, so as to improve the life-span of micro machine, and then uses the device of the micro machine or the life-span of equipment also to obtain
To corresponding raising.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, work layer stackup are compounded in laminar composite schematic cross-section when on all surfaces of basic unit；
Laminar composite schematic cross-section when Fig. 2, working lining preparation are on the part surface of basic unit.
Mark 1 is working lining in figure, and mark 2 is basic unit.
Specific embodiment
Alloy as electric contact material is slided in a kind of high-melting point alloy element enhancing, slides the composition of alloy as electric contact material by Cu, Zn, Gao Rong
Point alloying element and Ag compositions；The weight percentage of various composition is respectively：Cu：1~8%、Zn：1 ~ 5%, high-melting-point alloy unit
Element：0.1 ~ 1%, balance of Ag；The high-melting point alloy element is the one kind in Re, W, Mo.
Further, when the high-melting point alloy element uses W or Mo, the crystal structure of W or Mo is with body-centred cubic shape
Formula is present in slip alloy as electric contact material, and when the high-melting point alloy element uses Re, the crystal structure of Re is with close-packed hexagonal
Form is present in slip alloy as electric contact material
A kind of laminar composite, foregoing slip alloy as electric contact material is laminated or is embedded in copper or copper alloy surface forms stratiform
Composite, wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.
A kind of commutator, commutator is made using foregoing laminar composite.
A kind of micro machine, micro machine is made using foregoing commutator.
Implement for the ease of those skilled in the art, the invention allows for a kind of specific making step：
1）Alloy is prepared using vacuum induction melting, wherein each element can be added in intermediate alloy form, it is also possible to
Added with form of pure metal；Furthermore it is also possible to be closed as preparation is new by the use of the leftover pieces discarded in production process, composition is qualified
The raw material of gold.
2）The alloy cast ingot that will be prepared, through techniques such as cogging, rolling, intermediate annealing, drawings, is prepared into band or silk
Material.
3）Using hot rolling, warm-rolling or cold rolling complex technique, by above-mentioned band or silk material and copper or copper alloy matter band
It is combined, is fabricated to laminar composite.
Vacuum melting technique, rolling mill practice, annealing process, drawing process etc. are general making work commonly used in the art
Skill, it is easy to grasp and implement.
Embodiment：
The alloying component of embodiment 1 to 9 is as shown in the table（Percentage by weight）：
| Embodiment | Cu | Zn | W | Mo | Re | Ag |
| 1 | 8.0% | 1.0% | 0.1% | - | - | Surplus |
| 2 | 8.0% | 1.0% | - | 0.1% | - | Surplus |
| 3 | 8.0% | 1.0% | - | - | 0.1% | Surplus |
| 4 | 4.0% | 3.0% | 0.5% | - | - | Surplus |
| 5 | 4.0% | 3.0% | - | 0.5% | - | Surplus |
| 6 | 4.0% | 3.0% | - | - | 0.5% | Surplus |
| 7 | 1.0% | 5.0% | 1.0% | - | - | Surplus |
| 8 | 1.0% | 5.0% | - | 1.0% | - | Surplus |
| 9 | 1.0% | 5.0% | - | - | 1.0% | Surplus |
The various formulas in upper table are made alloy with existing alloying technology, then by alloy casting ingot, through opening
The operations such as base, rolling, annealing are made band, and alloy strip steel rolled stock is combined with copper strip using general metal level combination process then
Obtain laminar composite, laminar composite total thickness 0.15mm, work thickness 0.01mm.
For the difference with prior art relatively more of the invention, the present invention have also been devised 2 comparative examples, two silver of comparative example
Alloying component see the table below（Percentage by weight）：
| Comparative example | Cu | Ni | Zn | Ag |
| 1 | 4.0% | 0.3% | 4.0% | Surplus |
| 2 | 6.0% | 0.4% | 2.0% | Surplus |
Similarly, silver alloy is made as using general manufacturing process respectively by two formulas in comparative example, still will
Silver alloy is complex as laminar composite, laminar composite total thickness 0.15mm, work thickness 0.01mm with copper strip.
The band of embodiment 1 ~ 9 and comparative example 1 and 2 is used to be fabricated to the pole commutator of micro machine three, by commutator dress
Fit in micro machine, carry out life test, corresponding brush sheet material is AgPd50/MX215.
Test condition is as follows：
Test temperature：50℃
Testing load：12g·cm
Test voltage：12V
Rotary speed：7000rpm
Drive manner：Continuously
In test process, by the working condition for detecting the change of motor speed and electric current to judge motor, there is rotating speed
Or electric current is exceeded or is judged to end-of-life when shutting down.
Test result such as following table：
| Embodiment | Life-span（h） |
| 1 | 2730 |
| 2 | 2723 |
| 3 | 2783 |
| 4 | 2750 |
| 5 | 2735 |
| 6 | 2752 |
| 7 | 2736 |
| 8 | 2740 |
| 9 | 2750 |
| Comparative example 1 | 2243 |
| Comparative example 2 | 2566 |
Conclusion：Above-mentioned test result shows, the high-melting point alloy element of proper content is added in AgCuZn alloys, can be with
The wearability and arc resistant ability of commutator material are improved, working lining, copper or copper alloy are made as basic unit is made layer with this material
Shape composite, for making micro-motor commutator, compared with the micro-motor commutator made by existing AgCuZnNi alloys,
Longer service life is shown under identical service condition, the purpose for improving micro machine working life and stability has been reached.
Claims (4)
1. alloy as electric contact material is slided in a kind of high-melting point alloy element enhancing, it is characterised in that：Slide alloy as electric contact material composition by
Cu, Zn, high-melting point alloy element and Ag composition；The weight percentage of various composition is respectively：Cu：1~8%, Zn：1~
5%th, high-melting point alloy element：0.1~1%, balance of Ag；The high-melting point alloy element is the one kind in Re, W, Mo；
When the high-melting point alloy element uses W or Mo, the crystal structure of W or Mo is present in slip electricity in body-centred cubic form
In contact alloy, when the high-melting point alloy element uses Re, the crystal structure of Re is present in slip in the form of close-packed hexagonal
In alloy as electric contact material.
2. a kind of laminar composite, it is characterised in that：Described in claim 1 slide alloy as electric contact material stacking or be embedded in copper or
Copper alloy surface, wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.
3. a kind of commutator, it is characterised in that：Commutator is made using the laminar composite described in claim 2.
4. a kind of micro machine, it is characterised in that：Micro machine is made using the commutator described in claim 3.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210562157.4A CN103014402B (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Alloy as electric contact material and its laminar composite are slided in high-melting point alloy element enhancing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210562157.4A CN103014402B (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2012-12-21 | Alloy as electric contact material and its laminar composite are slided in high-melting point alloy element enhancing |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103014402A CN103014402A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
| CN103014402B true CN103014402B (en) | 2017-05-31 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107134376A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-09-05 | 昆明贵金属研究所 | A kind of stratiform Cu/Ag Ti2AlN electric contact composite materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN114807665B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-12-16 | 安徽工程大学 | Silver-copper-zinc alloy strip |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1231002A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-10-06 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, and small D. C. motor made by using the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1027822C (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1995-03-08 | 中国有色金属工业总公司昆明贵金属研究所 | Silver based alloy electric contact material |
| JP3100877B2 (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 2000-10-23 | 科学技術庁金属材料技術研究所長 | Manufacturing method of oxide superconducting wire |
| DE19607183C1 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-04-10 | Degussa | Sintered silver@-iron@ alloy for making electrical contacts |
| KR20060039002A (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2006-05-04 | 스미토모덴키고교가부시키가이샤 | Electric contact and electrical equipment including the same |
| CN102392153B (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2014-01-15 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Micromotor commutator electric contact material for raising wear resistance and arc erosion resistance |
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- 2012-12-21 CN CN201210562157.4A patent/CN103014402B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1231002A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-10-06 | 马渊马达株式会社 | Sliding contact material, clad composite material, and small D. C. motor made by using the same |
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