CN103060601A

CN103060601A - Oxide enhanced sliding electric contact alloy and laminar composite thereof

Info

Publication number: CN103060601A
Application number: CN201210560342XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 章应; 徐永红
Original assignee: Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co Ltd
Priority date: 2012-12-21
Filing date: 2012-12-21
Publication date: 2013-04-24

Abstract

The invention discloses an oxide enhanced sliding electric contact alloy which is composed of copper, nickel, an oxide and silver, wherein the various components are respectively, by weight, 1-8% of copper, 0.1-0.5 of nickel, 0.5-2% of the oxide, and the balance of silver, and the oxide is one of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, cerium oxide and chromium oxide. The oxide enhanced sliding electric contact alloy has the advantages that through addition of the oxide to existing silver alloy, the abrasion resistance and electric arc resistance of the silver alloy are obviously improved, thus a micromotor with high performance is manufactured, the service life of the micromotor is prolonged, and finally the performance of equipment or a device with the micromotor for dynamic supply is improved.

Description

Oxide compound strengthens slip alloy as electric contact material and stratified composite thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of alloy material for micro-motor commutator, relate in particular to a kind of oxide compound and strengthen slip alloy as electric contact material and stratified composite thereof.

Background technology

In the working process of direct current micromotor, reverser and brush plate are in contact with one another and relatively sliding, realize the transmission of electric current, keep motor rotation.

The factor that affects the micromotor life-span mainly contains following: when 1, micromotor is worked, there is inevitably sliding frictional wear between reverser and the brush, the abrasive dust that produces because of frictional wear is compressed between reverser and the brush plate, along with the abrasive dust of piling up increases, contact performance between reverser and the brush plate progressively reduces, cause larger contact resistance fluctuation, cause the bad and electrical noise of output waveform, cause non-commutation phase electric arc when serious, non-commutation phase electric arc can further be accelerated again the wearing and tearing of material, finally causes the micromotor life termination;

2, micromotor is in when commutation, and reverser separated with brush plate moment, and the commutation phase arc temperature of generation is very high, usually cause silver alloys fusing, splash, thereby cause reverser to lose efficacy and finally make the micromotor end of life;

3, commutation phase electric arc also easily makes abrasive dust melting welding cause short circuit in the groove of reverser, causes micromotor to crash in early days;

4, electrically contact in the process because the temperature rise meeting that mechanical friction and galvanic action produce descends material surface hardness, reduce its hardness and wear resistance, further aggravate the mechanical wear of material.

Therefore, the raising reverser is to improve the important means of reverser use properties and micromotor work-ing life and stability with wear resistance and the anti electric arc corrosion ability of contact material.

Summary of the invention

For the problem in the background technology, the present invention proposes a kind of oxide compound and strengthen the slip alloy as electric contact material, the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, Ni, oxide compound and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, Ni:0.1 ~ 0.5%, oxide compound: 0.5 ~ 2%, surplus is Ag; Wherein, oxide compound is Al ₂O ₃, ZrO ₂, CeO ₂, Cr ₂O ₃In a kind of.

Ultimate principle of the present invention is: oxide compound has high rigidity and dystectic characteristic, after it is added to existing AgCuNi alloy, oxide compound is distributed in the silver matrix, can improve by dispersion-strengthened mechanism the hardness of silver matrix, simultaneously, oxide compound self also has the ability of very strong opposing skimming wear, thereby the overall wear resistance of material is improved, and reduces the generation of abrasive dust; Silver matrix can melt under the effect of high arc temperature, form the silver slurry of molten state, because the fusing point of oxide compound is very high, can not be melted, the solid oxide composition granule that is distributed in the silver slurry can improve the liquid phase viscosity that silver is starched, prevent splashing and running off of silver matrix, thereby improve the anti-electric-arc ability of material.

The contriver is through finding behind the great many of experiments, if the content of oxide compound is lower than 0.5%, then its wear-resistant and anti-electric-arc effect can not be given full play to, to the DeGrain that improves of material property; If the content of oxide compound is higher than 2%, the contact resistance in the time of can enlarging markedly sliding contact again, and brush caused heavy wear, can reduce the micromotor life-span on the contrary.Therefore, the oxide content in the material should be accepted or rejected between 0.5% ~ 2%.

In production practice, the contriver finds, if the granularity of oxide compound is lower than 0.5 μ m, because particle is too tiny, agglomeration easily appears in transportation, preservation and use procedure, be difficult to dispersiveness and homogeneity that the assurance oxide compound distributes in the production in silver matrix, thereby can cause the consistence of material property and stability to reduce, can not satisfy the requirement of production in enormous quantities; Otherwise, if the granularity of oxide compound is greater than 3 μ m, then again can be too thick because of particle, the comparatively small amt that causes the oxide particle that distributes in the silver matrix, do not improve the effect effect to what silver matrix reached expection, simultaneously, oxide particle is crossed the processing performance that conference seriously reduces material, cracking phenomena easily appears in produced band, can not satisfy the requirement of production in enormous quantities; In addition, too thick particle also can have a negative impact to contact resistance and brush.Therefore, the mean particle size of described oxide compound should be advisable in 0.5 ~ 3 μ m scope.

Described slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface namely forms stratified composite, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.Slip alloy as electric contact material of the present invention is compounded in substrate surface as working lining, is used for making micro-motor commutator, can save precious metal, reduce the production cost of reverser and micromotor;

The stratified composite that adopts alloy of the present invention to make is made as reverser, and and then this reverser is used for the making of micromotor, the performance of micromotor is improved, improve the work-ing life of micromotor.

Useful technique effect of the present invention is: by add oxide compound in existing silver alloys, make the wear resistance of silver alloys and anti-electric-arc ability be improved significantly, thereby produce high performance micromotor, improve the life-span of micromotor, finally make and adopt equipment that this micromotor is used as power or the performance of device to improve.

Description of drawings

The stratified composite schematic cross-section that Fig. 1, working lining be stacked when being compounded on all surfaces of basic unit;

Fig. 2, the working lining preparation stratified composite schematic cross-section on the part surface of basic unit the time.

Mark 1 is working lining among the figure, and mark 2 is basic unit.

Embodiment

A kind of oxide compound strengthens the slip alloy as electric contact material, and the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, Ni, oxide compound and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, Ni:0.1 ~ 0.5%, oxide compound: 0.5 ~ 2%, surplus is Ag; Wherein, oxide compound is Al ₂O ₃, ZrO ₂, CeO ₂, Cr ₂O ₃In a kind of.

Further, the mean particle size of described oxide compound is 0.5 ~ 3 μ m.

A kind of stratified composite, aforementioned slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface formation stratified composite, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.

A kind of reverser adopts aforesaid stratified composite to make reverser.

A kind of micromotor adopts aforesaid reverser to make micromotor.

Implement for the ease of those skilled in the art, the contriver has also enumerated a kind of concrete implementing process:

1) adopt water atomization to prepare AgCuNi powdered alloy (the AgCuNi alloy can adopt the finished product alloy, also can adopt pure metal, and this paper only sets forth as an example of the finished product alloy example).

2) above-mentioned powdered alloy and oxide powder are mixed, wherein the mean particle size of oxide powder is that 0.5 ~ 3 μ m(controls for the granularity of oxide powder, can adopt screen cloth to sieve and process acquisition).

3) powder that mixes is carried out isostatic pressing, pressing pressure is 60 ~ 100MPa.

4) blank that suppresses is placed ammonia dissolving atmosphere or pure hydrogen atmosphere carry out sintering, 700 ~ 850 ℃ of sintering temperatures.

5) blank that sinters is pushed, extrusion ratio is not less than 20.

6) good blank be will push by techniques such as rolling, process annealing, drawings, band or silk material will be prepared into.

7) adopt hot rolling, warm-rolling or cold rolling compounding technology, above-mentioned band or silk material and copper or copper alloy band are carried out compound, be made into stratified composite.

Embodiment:

In order to verify material of the present invention to the effect of improving of silver alloys, the contriver has designed 12 embodiment, the prescription that adopts among each embodiment see the following form (weight percent):

Embodiment	Cu	Ni	Al ₂O ₃	ZrO ₂	CeO ₂	Cr ₂O ₃	Oxide compound granularity r	Ag
									1	8.0%	0.5%	0.5%	-	-	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
2	8.0%	0.5%	-	0.5%	-	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
									3	8.0%	0.5%	-	-	0.5%	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
4	8.0%	0.5%	-	-	-	0.5%	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
									5	4.0%	0.3%	1.0%	-	-	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
6	4.0%	0.3%	-	1.0%	-	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
									7	4.0%	0.3%	-	-	1.0%	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
8	4.0%	0.3%	-	-	-	1.0%	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
									9	1.0%	0.1%	2.0%	-	-	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
10	1.0%	0.1%	-	2.0%	-	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
									11	1.0%	0.1%	-	-	2.0%	-	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus
12	1.0%	0.1%	-	-	-	2.0%	0.5μm≤r≤3μm	Surplus

Adopt existing technique or the aforementioned technique of the present invention, prepare respectively the silver alloys band by a plurality of prescriptions in the upper table, again itself and copper strip are complex as stratified composite, stratified composite total thickness 0.25mm, work bed thickness 0.03mm.Stratified composite be used for is made reverser, and be installed in the micromotor and test;

Test condition is as follows:

Probe temperature: 60 ℃

Testing load: 10gcm

Test voltage: 12V

Speed of rotation: 8000rpm

Drive manner: continuously

In the test process, judge the working order of motor by the variation that detects motor speed and electric current, occur that rotating speed or electric current exceed standard or all be judged to be end of life when shutting down.

For the difference of the present invention and prior art relatively, the contriver has also designed 2 comparative examples, the silver alloys prescription that adopts in 2 comparative examples see the following form (weight percent):

Comparative example	Cu	Ni	Ag
				1	4.0%	0.3%	Surplus
2	6.0%	0.4%	Surplus

Similarly, adopt common process to produce silver alloys by the prescription of aforementioned two comparative examples, and be complex as stratified composite with copper strip, and use it for the making of the reverser in the corresponding micromotor, the micromotor of producing is tested, test condition is the same; Corresponding brush plate material is AgPd50/MX215;

The test result of 12 embodiment and 2 comparative examples sees the following form:

Embodiment	Life-span (h)
		1	1840
2	1830
		3	1825
4	1880
		5	1861
6	1875
		7	1868
8	1851
		9	1843
10	1816
		11	1820
12	1883
		Comparative example 1	1238
Comparative example 2	1350

Conclusion: above-mentioned test result shows, adds the oxide compound of proper content and granularity in the AgCuNi alloy, can improve wear resistance and the anti-electric-arc ability of commutator material.Make working lining, copper take these materials and make matrix material as basic unit, be used for making micro-motor commutator, compare with the micro-motor commutator of existing AgCuNi alloy made, under identical operational conditions, demonstrate longer work-ing life, reached the purpose that improves micromotor working life and stability.

Claims

1. an oxide compound strengthens the slip alloy as electric contact material, and it is characterized in that: the composition of slip alloy as electric contact material is comprised of Cu, Ni, oxide compound and Ag; The weight percentage of various compositions is respectively: Cu:1 ~ 8%, Ni:0.1 ~ 0.5%, oxide compound: 0.5 ~ 2%, surplus is Ag; Wherein, oxide compound is Al ₂O ₃, ZrO ₂, CeO ₂, Cr ₂O ₃In a kind of.

2. oxide compound according to claim 1 strengthens the slip alloy as electric contact material, and it is characterized in that: the mean particle size of described oxide compound is 0.5 ~ 3 μ m.

3. stratified composite is characterized in that: each described slip alloy as electric contact material is stacked or be embedded in copper or copper alloy surface in the claim 1 ~ 2, and wherein copper or copper alloy are basic unit, and the slip alloy as electric contact material is working lining.

4. a reverser is characterized in that: adopt stratified composite claimed in claim 3 to make reverser.

5. a micromotor is characterized in that: adopt reverser claimed in claim 4 to make micromotor.