CN102304640B - Silver-base rare-earth alloy material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Silver-base rare-earth alloy material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102304640B CN102304640B CN201010249354.1A CN201010249354A CN102304640B CN 102304640 B CN102304640 B CN 102304640B CN 201010249354 A CN201010249354 A CN 201010249354A CN 102304640 B CN102304640 B CN 102304640B
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Abstract
The invention provides a silver-base rare-earth alloy material, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 to 8 percent of Cu, 0.01 to 0.5 percent of Ni, 0.01 and 0.3 percent of Sm and the balance of Ag. By the silver-base rare-earth alloy material, the defect that the service life of the conventional silver-base composite material is reduced greatly due to unsuitability for high-temperature environment of a micro motor, the defect that materials are difficult to process due to substantial reduction of elongation of the materials caused by the addition of rare-earth elements in the silver-base composite material which is suitable for the micro motor and the like are overcome, so the invention provides a new silver-base rare-earth alloy material and a preparation method and application thereof. The silver-base rare-earth alloy material has the characteristics of high elongation, high recrystallization temperature, high hardness at high temperature, high abrasive resistance and the like, is suitable to be used as a sliding electric contact material, can be particularly used for manufacturing parts of a commutator of the micro motor and the like, and has the advantages of high quality and long service life at the high temperature of 70 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of silver base rare earth alloy material and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
For a long time, in contact material, formed take Ag-Cu as main solution strengthening type series alloy and take Ag-Ni as main dispersion strengthening type series alloy.Wherein extensive with Ag-Cu Alloyapplication.But Ag-Cu alloy is under industrial atmosphere, and especially, in high temperature, high humidity and sulfide hydrogen atmosphere, surface easily generates nonconducting sulfide film and oxide film, causes contact resistance unstable, and contact reliability reduces.Meanwhile, because copper content is lower, the recrystallization temperature of alloy low (approximately 260 ℃), the high temperature under machine operation environment easily makes commutator segment local softening even melt, greatly accelerated wear test process.And the electric arc that motor produced in when work can cause near the quick loss of pole piece skirt materials reverser groove on the one hand, make to be on the other hand gathered in the abrasive dust particle surface fusing in groove and be welded to each other, form metallurgical connection with pole piece edge, cause the early stage short circuit of pole piece.
Ni is the grain-refining agent of Ag alloy, can stable prod size, and significantly improve wear resistance and the erosion resistance of body material, and further improve the anti electric arc corrosion performance of material; Because Ag-Cu alloy has segregation tendency, add appropriate Ni and can significantly reduce segregation in addition.Even but due under high temperature (approximately 1000 ℃), Ni and Ag matrix also dissolve each other hardly, Ni segregation very easily in silver alloys matrix, has a significant impact the homogeneity of structure of founding silver matrix.Therefore also there is certain difficulty in the Ag-Cu alloy of high Ni content (0.5%) aspect melting.At present, the AgCu of Japanese Tanaka company
4ni
0.5the level of alloy material is in rank first.
Rare earth element has obtained good application in precious metal contact material.Rare earth is added in alloy, mainly play internal oxidation effect.Rare earth oxide is disperse and distributes on crystal boundary, near the particle of these disperses, forms dislocation loop, can further strengthen matrix.Therefore, rare earth element is a kind of strong reductor, can effectively capture the oxygen in alloy, is keeping under the prerequisite of body material good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, and alloy matrix has obvious strengthening effect.Simultaneously can refinement matrix grain, alleviate to a certain extent the instability problem of alloy structure and structure, this is one of the problem of the required solution of current Ag-Cu-Ni alloy material just.
Zn is owing to having higher vapour pressure, and formation zinc fume can volatilize at lower temperature.In the Working environment of reverser, the volatilization heat absorption of zinc fume, can consume a large amount of arc energies, and produced simultaneously zinc fume can play effective arc extinguishing and clean surfaces effect.
Along with the miniaturization of household electrical appliance etc., often micromotor is arranged on near of Heating element in recent years.Hot environment causes and has a strong impact on the wear resistance of micromotor, and the life-span of reverser is reduced greatly.In order further to improve wear resisting property and the electric erosion resistance energy of commutator material, some scholars have proposed to add the method for trace rare-earth element etc. in Ag-Cu alloy, and some of them have also played good effect.CN 101029362A (open day 2007.09.05) discloses a kind of novel silver-bearing copper rare earth material, and the mass percentage content of its each composition is Sn 0.3-0.8%, Ce 0.3-0.8%, and surplus is AgCu
6alloy.This material has improved AgCu
6the wear resistance of alloy contact material, arc ablation resistance performance and resistance fusion welding energy.CN 101029361 (open day 2007.09.05) discloses a kind of Novel silver rare earth alloy contact material, and the mass percentage content of its each composition is Cu 4-8%, Ni 0.5-1.5%, and surplus is AgCe
0.5alloy, this material has improved the wear-resistant ability of Ag-Ce alloy contact material refinement crystal grain, thus improve the mechanical property of Ag-Ce alloy.CN 101246758 (open day 2008.08.20) discloses a kind of sliding contact material that is applicable to weak current.Wherein said body material is Ag-Cu-Ni or Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni, and rare earth element is La and/or Ce.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention has been to overcome the hot environment that existing silver-based composite material is not suitable for micromotor causes the life-span greatly to be reduced, or the silver-based composite material that is applicable to micromotor causes material unit elongation to decline to a great extent owing to adding rare earth element, be unfavorable for the defects such as materials processing, a kind of new silver base rare earth alloy material and its preparation method and application is provided.Silver base rare earth alloy material of the present invention has good unit elongation, is beneficial to cold deformation, and recrystallization temperature is high, the features such as weave construction is stable, and under high temperature, hardness is high, and wear resistance is good, be applicable to as sliding contact material especially light, moderate duty micromotor sliding contact material.It can make the parts such as micro-motor commutator after compound with copper or copper alloy, for the small-sized DC motor of household electrical appliance etc., especially the reverser high temperature contact resistance of making is little and stable, resistance to electroerosion and resistance to mechanical wear performance are high, still have advantages of that quality is good, the life-span is long under the hot environment of approximately 70 ℃.
The invention provides a kind of silver base rare earth alloy material, it comprises following compositions: Cu 0.1～8% is preferably 4～6.5%; Ni 0.01%～0.5% is preferably 0.2～0.4%; Sm 0.01%～0.3% is preferably 0.1～0.25%; And Ag, Ag complements to 100%, and described per-cent is all the mass percent with respect to silver base rare earth alloy material.Wherein, Cu, Ni and Sm disperse are in Ag.
Preferably in embodiment, in described silver base rare earth alloy material, also comprise Zn0.01～0.6% in the present invention one, better is 0.15～0.45%; Per-cent is the mass percent with respect to silver base rare earth alloy material.Wherein, in Zn solid solution other metal ingredients in silver base rare earth alloy material.
Wherein, silver base rare earth alloy material of the present invention is preferably made by the method comprising the steps:
1. by raw metal melting the ingot casting of casting to obtain under argon shield;
2. this ingot casting is carried out to homogenizing thermal treatment in 760～800 ℃;
3. surface treatment;
4. the cold rolling ingot casting generation predeformation that makes, the predeformation amount of this ingot casting on thickness direction is 40%～50%;
5. under the atmosphere of vacuum condition or decomposed ammonia, anneal in 650 ℃～700 ℃;
6. in, roll;
7. in 680 ℃～700 ℃, under nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, protect annealing;
Wherein, described raw metal comprises the metallic element of following mass percent: Cu 0.1～8%, is preferably 4～6.5%; Ni 0.01%～0.5% is preferably 0.2～0.4%; Sm 0.01%～0.3% is preferably 0.1～0.25%; And Ag, Ag complements to 100%.Preferably, in described raw metal, also comprise 0.01～0.6%, better is 0.15～0.45% Zn element, per-cent is the per-cent with respect to raw metal total mass.Described metallic element can the form of pure metal and/or the form of alloy as raw metal.Described alloy can be selected arbitrarily, as long as make the total amount of each metallic element in raw metal meet above-mentioned mass percent.
Step 1. in, the purity of described raw metal can be selected according to the conventional purity of this type of material of this area, is preferably Ag >=99.99%, Cu >=99.99%, Zn >=99.99%, Ni >=99.99%, Sm >=99.96%, per-cent is all mass percent.
Step 2. in, the heat treated time of described homogenizing can be selected according to this area general knowledge, is preferably 2.5～3 hours.
Step 3. in, described surface treatment refers to mainly adopt wire brush or sand paper etc. to remove the defects such as material surface oxidation point, stain or foreign material.
Step 4. in, described predeformation can give the silver base rare earth alloy material finally obtaining good cold-forming property.
Step 5. in, described annealing time can be selected according to this area general knowledge, is preferably 1.5～2 hours.
Step 7. in, the time of described protection annealing can be selected according to this area general knowledge, is preferably 10～15 minutes; Described protection annealing is preferably carried out in the hot stove of company.
In the present invention, described melting, casting, cold rolling and in roll all and can carry out according to this area ordinary method.
The preparation method of the silver base rare earth alloy material described in the present invention also provides, it comprises the steps: 1. by raw metal melting the ingot casting of casting to obtain under argon shield;
2. this ingot casting is carried out to homogenizing thermal treatment in 760～800 ℃;
3. surface treatment;
4. the cold rolling ingot casting generation predeformation that makes, the predeformation amount of this ingot casting on thickness direction is 40%～50%;
5. under the atmosphere of vacuum condition or decomposed ammonia, anneal in 650 ℃～700 ℃;
6. in, roll;
7. in 680 ℃～700 ℃, under nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, protect annealing; Wherein, step 1.～7. all with aforementioned.
Preferably in embodiment, described silver base rare earth alloy material is processed into various section bars in the present invention one in preparation.For this reason, as long as increase again a finish rolling step in step after 7..Described finish rolling is according to this area ordinary method.
The present invention also provides the application of described silver base rare earth alloy material as sliding contact material.Described sliding contact material is preferably the micromotor sliding contact material of light or moderate duty.
Except specified otherwise, raw material of the present invention, reagent and equipment is commercially available obtaining all.
In the present invention, above-mentioned optimum condition can arbitrary combination on the basis that meets this area general knowledge, obtains the preferred embodiments of the invention.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is:
1) adopt silver base rare earth alloy material of the present invention can solve Ag-Cu alloy contact resistance at high temperature unstable, the problems such as contact reliability reduction, the micro-motor commutator of making has better high temperature abrasion resistance and anti-electric-arc ability, be applicable under high temperature (approximately 70 ℃) condition, be used in the micromotor of light or moderate duty work.
2) the high strength yellow gold that silver base rare earth alloy material of the present invention is low Ni content, can adopt the manufacture of conventional vacuum melting technology, and equipment and process technology does not need special transformation, easy to implement aborning.
3) silver base rare earth alloy formula provided by the invention is combined with preparation method and not only significantly improves the original microstructure of alloy, crystal grain thinning, hardness, intensity, the recrystallization temperature of raising alloy substrate; And guaranteed that alloy material still has good unit elongation, be beneficial to the cold deformation of material;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure of silver base rare earth alloy material, the SEM figure of the material profile that wherein (a) obtains after 2. processing for embodiment 7 steps; (b) the SEM figure of the material profile obtaining after 5. processing for embodiment 7 steps.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention with embodiment below, but the present invention is not limited.
The purity (mass percent) of the raw metal using in embodiment 1～7 is: Ag >=99.99%, Cu >=99.99%, Zn >=99.99%, Ni >=99.99%, Sm >=99.96%.
The foreign matter content allowing in the silver base rare earth alloy material making in embodiment 1～7 is (mass percent): Fe≤0.002%, Pd≤0.002%, Sb≤0.002%, Bi≤0.002%.
Table 1 electrically contacts the proportioning raw materials (50kg altogether) of silver base rare earth alloy material for sliding
Table 2 performance data that electrically contacts silver base rare earth alloy material for sliding of the present invention
The preparation method of embodiment 1～7 silver base rare earth alloy material
(%) by mass percentage: with pure Ag, oxygen free copper (Cu), pure Zn, CuNi
35and AgSm
10alloy is raw material, carries out following operation (calculating take ingot casting as 50Kg): 1. raw metal is carried out under oxygen free condition and argon shield to melting the ingot casting of casting to obtain according to the formula in each embodiment in table 1; 2. by this ingot casting in 760 ℃ of homogenizing thermal treatments 3 hours; 3. realize surface treatment with sharpening machine polishing ingot casting surface; 4. the cold rolling predeformation amount of this ingot casting on thickness direction that make is 45%; 5. in 650 ℃, under ammonia dissolving atmosphere protection, anneal 2 hours; 6. in, roll; 7. under nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, in the hot stove of company, anneal 15 minutes in 700 ℃ of protections; Finish rolling, obtains silver base rare earth alloy material, and wherein the content of each composition is in table 2.As seen from Figure 1, in embodiment 7, through step, 5. alloy after treatment is compared with before processing, and grain-size obviously diminishes.The SEM of embodiment 1～6 schemes same Fig. 1.
Effect embodiment 1
By comparing in the unit elongation of Pd-Ag substrate alloy material in patent (CN 101029362A) and the present invention.In this patent, disclose a kind of silver-copper-rare earth material, wherein the mass percentage content of each composition is Sn 0.3-0.8%, Ce 0.3-0.8%, and surplus is AgCu
6alloy.Do not mix the yellow gold AgCu of other elements
6unit elongation be 29%, mix Sn and Ce after unit elongation obviously drop to 20-23%.Also have 26.5% but the unit elongation of silver base rare earth alloy in the embodiment of the present invention 1～7 is minimum, reach as high as 36.3%, even than yellow gold AgCu
6unit elongation higher.Prove thus can be significantly improved by preparation method of the present invention the unit elongation of silver base rare earth alloy material, guaranteed the cold-forming property of alloy material, can obviously reduce the tooling cost of material, there is higher economic benefit.
Effect embodiment 2 micromotor three utmost point reverser experiments endurance life
One, the preparation of band
Get the silver base rare earth alloy material and the existing AgCu that in embodiment 1～7, make
4ni
0.3alloy material is combined into fine copper the stratified composite that thickness is 0.8mm respectively, and is rolled into band 1～7 and contrast band.Wherein, alloy material is about 1: 10 with the composite thickness ratio of copper.
Two, the preparation of reverser for test
Above-mentioned band is made into respectively to micromotor three utmost point reversers, this reverser is assemblied in micromotor, its corresponding brush plate material is AgPd30/C7701.Wherein the commutator face of half is through abrasive belt milled processed.
Three, testing method and condition
Test condition:
Probe temperature: 70 ℃, test load: 15gcm, test voltage: 4V, test duration: 810h, rotation direction: interrupted way traffic
Testing method: after the regulation test duration, motor is torn open to machine and observe, observe electric machine operation state, surface abrasion situation and groove cleanliness factor, thereby analyze.Test result is in table 3.
Table 3
From table 3, the micromotor made from silver base rare earth alloy material of the present invention is compared with the micromotor being obtained by AgCuNi material, and be improved significantly its endurance life.
Claims (12)
1. a silver base rare earth alloy material, is characterized in that: described silver base rare earth alloy material is made by the method comprising the steps:
1. by raw metal melting the ingot casting of casting to obtain under argon shield;
2. this ingot casting is carried out to homogenizing thermal treatment in 760～800 ℃;
3. surface treatment;
4. cold rolling this ingot casting predeformation that makes, the predeformation amount of this ingot casting on thickness direction is 40%～50%;
5. under vacuum condition or decomposed ammonia atmosphere, anneal in 650 ℃～680 ℃;
6. in, roll;
7. in 700 ℃～720 ℃, under nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, protect annealing;
Wherein, the raw metal of step described in 1. comprises the metallic element of following mass percent: Cu0.1～8%; Ni 0.01%～0.5%; Sm 0.01%～0.3%; And Ag, Ag complements to 100%.
2. silver base rare earth alloy material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described Cu is 4～6.5%; Ni is 0.2～0.4%; Sm is 0.1～0.25%; Per-cent is the per-cent with respect to raw metal total mass.
3. silver base rare earth alloy material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1. in, in described raw metal, also comprise 0.01～0.6% Zn element, per-cent is the per-cent with respect to raw metal total mass.
4. silver base rare earth alloy material as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: step 1. in, the content of described Zn element is 0.15～0.45%, per-cent is the per-cent with respect to raw metal total mass.
5. the silver base rare earth alloy material as described in any one in claim 1～4, is characterized in that: the homogenizing heat treated time of step described in is 2. 2.5～3 hours; The annealing time of step described in is 5. 1.5～2 hours; The time of the protection annealing of step described in is 7. 10～15 minutes; Described protection annealing is carried out in the hot stove of company.
6. a preparation method for silver base rare earth alloy material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
1. by raw metal melting the ingot casting of casting to obtain under argon shield;
2. this ingot casting is carried out to homogenizing thermal treatment in 760～800 ℃;
3. surface treatment;
4. the cold rolling ingot casting generation predeformation that makes, the predeformation amount of this ingot casting on thickness direction is 40%～50%;
5. under the atmosphere of vacuum condition or decomposed ammonia, anneal in 650 ℃～680 ℃;
6. in, roll;
7. in 700 ℃～720 ℃, under nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere, protect annealing;
Wherein, the raw metal of step described in 1. comprises the metallic element of following mass percent: Cu0.1～8%; Ni 0.01%～0.5%; Sm 0.01%～0.3%; And Ag, Ag complements to 100%.
7. the preparation method of silver base rare earth alloy material as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described Cu is 4～6.5%; Ni is 0.2～0.4%; Sm is 0.1～0.25%; Per-cent is the per-cent with respect to raw metal total mass.
8. the preparation method of silver base rare earth alloy material as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: in described raw metal, also comprise 0.01～0.6% Zn element, per-cent is the per-cent with respect to raw metal total mass.
9. the preparation method of silver base rare earth alloy material as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that: the content of described Zn element is 0.15～0.45%, and per-cent is the per-cent with respect to raw metal total mass.
10. the preparation method of the silver base rare earth alloy material as described in any one in claim 6～9, is characterized in that: the homogenizing heat treated time of step described in is 2. 2.5～3 hours; The annealing time of step described in is 5. 1.5～2 hours; The time of the protection annealing of step described in is 7. 10～15 minutes; Described protection annealing is carried out in the hot stove of company.
11. silver base rare earth alloy materials as described in any one in claim 1～5 are as the application of sliding contact material.
12. application as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that: described sliding contact material is the micromotor sliding contact material of light or moderate duty.
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5913556B1 (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-04-27 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | Sliding contact material and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108603249B (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2020-03-27 | 田中贵金属工业株式会社 | Sliding contact material and method for producing same |
| CN105648261B (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2018-02-16 | 重庆川仪自动化股份有限公司 | Silver-based commutator material and preparation method and purposes for high-voltage great-current |
| CN108179304B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-03-29 | 依波精品（深圳）有限公司 | Silver alloy and its manufacturing process and application |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1675700A (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2005-09-28 | 威廉斯高级材料公司 | Silver-reactive metal alloys for optical data storage and recordable storage media containing same |
| CN101246758A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2008-08-20 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | Sliding electric contact material for low current |
| CN101787460A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-07-28 | 上海集强金属工业有限公司 | Silver-based alloy material and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1675700A (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2005-09-28 | 威廉斯高级材料公司 | Silver-reactive metal alloys for optical data storage and recordable storage media containing same |
| CN101246758A (en) * | 2008-03-19 | 2008-08-20 | 重庆川仪总厂有限公司 | Sliding electric contact material for low current |
| CN101787460A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2010-07-28 | 上海集强金属工业有限公司 | Silver-based alloy material and application thereof |
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