Summary of the invention
The deficiency existed for prior art, the cost of material is low, Universal electric to it is an object of the invention to provide one
Joint silver, the electrical contact material of environmental protection that can be excellent substitute traditional copper alloy contact, silver alloy contact and yellow gold contact
Material.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme is that
Stratiform silver-bearing copper pricker three-layer composite electric contact material prepared by a kind of atomization,
Include successively: ag alloy layer (silver content is 70~99.9% by percentage to the quality);
Copper alloy layer (copper content is 80~99.9% by percentage to the quality);
Solder layer (silver-bearing copper phosphorus brazing alloy, Ag-Cu-Zn solder or amorphous brazing filler metal).
Its preparation method includes:
Step 1: use atomization to prepare silver alloy powder and copper alloy powder, and use smelting process to prepare solder;
Step 2: silver alloy powder and copper alloy powder are carried out oxidation processes, obtains silver oxide alloy powder and copper oxide
Alloy powder;
Step 3: by alloy silver powder and the copper alloy powder of step 2 gained, respectively in required ratio, uses powder mixing method, adds
Additive, and a certain proportion of abrasive material mixes, respectively obtains silver alloy and mixes powder and copper alloy mixes powder;
Step 4: silver alloy is mixed powder and copper alloy mixes powder and is shaped respectively, sinters and obtain ag alloy layer ingot blank and copper
Alloy-layer ingot blank;
Step 5: obtained ag alloy layer ingot blank, copper alloy layer ingot blank, carries out multiple pressure, extrudes and rolling obtains ag alloy layer
Band, copper alloy layer band;
Step 6: solder is made solder layer band;
Step 7: ag alloy layer band, copper alloy layer band, solder band are sequentially overlapped and carry out hot being combined together;
Step 8: the band after heat being combined is prepared as three layers of composite contact through techniques such as cold rolling, punching.
As the further modification of the present invention,
Described ag alloy layer includes that following percetage by weight forms:
Silver 80~99.9%;
Silver layer additive:
In metal, metal-oxide, nonmetal, nonmetallic compound at least one: 0.04~12%,
Diadust 0.05~4%,
Rare earth element total amount 0.01~5.7%;
Described copper alloy layer includes that following percetage by weight forms:
Copper 80~99.9%;
Layers of copper additive:
In metal, metal-oxide, nonmetal, nonmetallic compound at least one: 0.1~10.3%,
Diadust 0.05~4%,
Rare earth element total amount 0.01~5.7%.
As the further modification of the present invention,
Described silver layer additive is: include diadust, graphite, boron, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, ferrum, cobalt,
Nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, indium, stannum, antimony, tellurium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, bismuth, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, ytterbium, lutecium and corresponding
In nonmetallic compound or metal-oxide at least one;
Described layers of copper additive is: include diadust, graphite, boron, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, ferrum, cobalt,
Nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, indium, stannum, antimony, tellurium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, bismuth, scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, ytterbium, lutecium and corresponding
In nonmetallic compound or metal-oxide at least one.
As the further modification of the present invention,
Metal-oxide in described silver layer additive and layers of copper additive is SnO2, ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3, CdO,
One or more oxides in In2O3, Bi2O3, Al2O3, MoO3, ZrO2, in described silver layer additive and layers of copper additive
Rare earth element be in scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, ytterbium, lutecium one or more combination.
As the further modification of the present invention,
Described step 1: by silver and added metallic element and rare earth element, carrying out high melt, smelting temperature is
1030~1400 DEG C, after alloying, make it be atomized into silver alloy powder with water under high pressure, then dry and cross 150~250 mesh sieves and obtain
To silver alloy powder;
By copper and added metallic element and rare earth element, carrying out high melt, smelting temperature is 1030~1400 DEG C,
Make it be atomized into copper alloy powder with water under high pressure after alloying, then dry and cross 150~250 mesh sieves and obtain copper alloy powder.
As the further modification of the present invention,
Oxidizing temperature in described step 2 is 500~700 DEG C, and oxygen pressure is 1~3Mpa, and the time is 5~15 hours.
As the further modification of the present invention,
During in described step 3, additive is diamond, metal-oxide, nonmetal, nonmetallic compound, at least one, mixed
Conjunction mode is ball milling, and the mixed powder time is 6~10 hours, and ratio of grinding media to material is 15~25: 1.
As the further modification of the present invention,
Its isostatic pressed just base typed pressure 150~2000Mpa in described step 4, control that density is solid density 75~
90%, first base loads evacuation after sintering furnace and is filled with noble gas and protects, and sintering temperature is 800~1000 DEG C, and the time is 2
~5 hours, then cool to less than 50 DEG C with the furnace and come out of the stove.
Further modification as the present invention:
In described step 5, extrusion temperature is 880 DEG C, and extrusion ratio is 100;
In described step 6, combined temp is 800~850 DEG C, and speed is 3~5 ms/min;
Band after heat being combined in described step 7 carries out insulation annealing, uses protective gas to protect, temperature simultaneously
Degree is 500~650 DEG C, and the time is 1~3 hour, and time cold rolling, per pass amount of rolling is less than 20%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention,
1. in ag alloy layer and copper alloy layer, add diadust and nikel powder, account for total amount 0.5~40%, Yi Jishi
Ink, boron, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, ferrum, cobalt, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, stannum, antimony, tellurium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, bismuth,
One or more of metal in scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, ytterbium, lutecium, nonmetal, metal-oxide or nonmetallic compound, to material
The organizational structure of material is optimized, and improves the resistance fusion welding of material and resistance to electrical arc erosion.
2. have employed 3-layer composite material, improve the non-oxidizability of Cu alloy material, reduce the contact resistance of material,
Improve the conductivity of material, reduce the temperature rise of device for switching.
3. use the 3-layer composite material adding additive prepared by aximal deformation value hot composition process, its ag alloy layer and copper
It is firmly combined with between alloy-layer, copper alloy layer and solder layer, and improves the combination property of product because of complex effect, improve
The service life of device for switching.Owing to have employed three layers of combination process, joint silver effect is obvious, and joint silver amount is about 70%, enters one
Step reduces the cost of electrical contact material.
4. reasonable in design due to inventive formulation and technique etc., it is high that the electrical contact material of production has conductivity, contact electricity
Hindering low, even tissue is fine and close, and bond strength is high, and good in oxidation resistance has the spies such as excellent resistance fusion welding and resistance to electrical arc erosion
Point.
Embodiment one:
Step 1, powder by atomization: include preparing silver metal alloyed powder and copper metal alloy powder.
When preparing silver metal alloy powder or copper metal alloy powders, silver or copper in add aluminum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, ferrum,
Cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, indium, stannum, antimony, tellurium, bismuth one or both and above metal, or scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, ytterbium, lutecium in
One or both and above rare earth alloy, carry out high melt, smelting temperature is 1030~1450 DEG C, treats its abundant alloying
Make it be atomized into silver metal alloy powder or copper metal alloy powders with water under high pressure afterwards, then dry and cross 50~500 mesh sieves.
Step 1-1 prepares silver metal alloyed powder
When preparing silver metal alloy powder, by silver and added metallic element and rare earth element, carry out high melt, molten
Refining temperature is 1030~1400 DEG C, makes it be atomized into silver alloy powder with water under high pressure after alloying, then dries and crosses 200 mesh
Sieve, the most raw materials used be by mass percentage: silver 98.5%, rare-earth yttrium cerium alloy 0.3%, indium 1% and nickel 0.2%.
Step 1-2 prepares copper metal alloy powder
When preparing copper metal alloy powders, by copper and added metallic element and rare earth element, carry out high melt, molten
Refining temperature is 1030~1400 DEG C, makes it be atomized into copper alloy powder with water under high pressure after alloying, then dries and crosses 200 mesh
Sieve, the most raw materials used be by mass percentage: copper 99.05%, Rare Earth Lanthanum, yttrium, cerium alloy 0.6%, bismuth 0.15% and nickel
0.2%.
Fired for silver metal alloyed powder oxidation processes is obtained siluer metal oxide powder by step 2., and oxidizing temperature is 600
DEG C, oxygen pressure is 3Mpa, and the time is 10 hours.
Step 3., by the silver metal alloy powder of upper step 2 gained, adds graphite, nickel, carborundum, yttrium, oxidation wherein
Lanthanum and diadust, by silver metal alloy 88%, nickel 10%, diamond 1%, lanthana 0.2%, other 0.5%, mixed
Uniformly mixing in sphere of powder grinding machine, the mixed powder time is 8 hours, and ratio of grinding media to material is 20: 1.
The mixture that step 3 is obtained by step 4. is shaped, sinter and obtain ingot blank.Its isostatic pressed just base typed pressure
180Mpa, controlling density is the 75~90% of solid density, and first base loads evacuation after sintering furnace and is filled with noble gas and protects
Protecting, sintering temperature is 900 DEG C, and the time is 3 hours, then cools to less than 50 DEG C with the furnace and comes out of the stove.
Step 5., by above-mentioned obtained ingot blank, is pressed again, extrudes and is rolled.After ingot blank is carried out multiple pressure, it is squeezed into band, so
After to carry out the ag alloy layer electrical contact material that rolling obtains containing additive or metal-oxide more standby.Extrusion temperature is 880 DEG C,
Extrusion ratio is 100.
Step 6. is identical by above-mentioned steps 2,3,4,5 step, prepares copper alloy layer band, and final content is: diamond
Micropowder 1%, lanthanum yttrium cerium 0.9%, bismuth 0.15%, nickel 0.2%, copper 96.75%, other are 1% years old.
Step 7. solder layer uses amorphous brazing filler metal, and preparation technology uses smelting process.By extruding, rolling and annealing process,
It is prepared as band standby.
The composite surface of the silver alloy containing additive, copper alloy and solder band is polished clean by step 8. respectively, then will
It is separately or concurrently combined on hot equipment complex, and its combined temp is 830 DEG C, and speed is 4 ms/min.
Band after heat is combined by step 9. is prepared as joint silver, three layers of composite contact of environment-friendly type through cold rolling, punching etc..?
In the course of processing, protective gas need to be used during band insulation annealing to protect, temperature is 600 DEG C, and the time is 2 hours, cold rolling
Time per pass amount of rolling less than 20%.