Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is in order to overcome the shortcoming and defect that prior art exists; And the composite electric contact material of a kind of silver copper oxide and copper is provided; This electrical contact has the conductivity height, characteristics such as even tissue is careful, a working lining and weldering knot layer bond strength height, anti-melting welding, anti-electrical arc erosion.
Another object of the present invention provides the preparation technology of the composite electric contact material of above-mentioned silver copper oxide and copper, and this technology has that preparation technology is simple, cost is low.
For realizing first purpose of the present invention; Technical scheme of the present invention is that this electrical contact material working lining is made up of silver, cupric oxide and mixed rare-earth oxide; Each composition weight content is: 87% ~ 91.8%Ag; 8% ~ 12%CuO, 0.1% ~ 1.0% mixed rare-earth oxide, the weld layer of electrical contact material are T2 copper.
Further being provided with is that mixed rare-earth oxide is the mixture of cerium oxide, lanthana, yittrium oxide.
T2 copper is No. 2 fine copper both, according to GB GB/T 1527-97, and copper content >=99.90% of T2 copper.
For realizing second purpose of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is to comprise following operation:
(1) melting atomizing preparation yellow gold powder; With Ag ingot, Cu ingot and mishmetal by after three's weight ratio: 90.5% ~ 91.8%:7.4% ~ 8.8%:0.1% ~ 0.8% proportioning; Melting in intermediate frequency furnace; Carry out alloy atomization with hydraulic atomized equipment then, be dried into the yellow gold powder after the atomizing;
(2) with after the yellow gold powder oven dry screening, granularity oxidation furnace in 100 orders ~ 300 purpose powder are packed into is carried out oxidation, temperature is controlled at 500 ℃ ~ 800 ℃ during oxidation, and oxygen is pressed and remained on 0.2 MPa ~ 0.6MPa, after 2 h ~ 10h oxidation, takes out and detects;
(3) the silver copper oxide pre-oxidation powder that step (2) is made becomes blank with the powder compaction after the pre-oxidation after detecting and meeting the requirements under static pressure pressure such as 100MPa ~ 250MPa;
(4) in high temperature sintering furnace to the blank sintering; Under the nitrogen atmosphere protection, 750 ℃ ~ 900 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 2 ~ 4h; The preheat temperature of extrusion die is 350 ℃ ~ 500 ℃; Extrusion speed is 3 m/min ~ 8m/min, and extrusion ratio is 10 ~ 120, and the silver copper oxide sheet metal thickness after the extruding is 3 mm ~ 7mm;
(5) to be processed into thickness be 6 mm ~ 12mm to T2 copper coin material;
(6) silver copper oxide sheet material, T2 copper coin contact-making surface are cleaned up, dry, the faying face polishing grinding, and it is compound between silver copper oxide sheet material and T2 copper coin, to add parchment covering, and parchment covering thickness is 0.2 ~ 0.4mm; This is provided with and adds that parchment covering is compound can effectively to guarantee silver copper oxide sheet material and T2 copper coin bond strength.
(7) silver copper oxide/copper blank sintering in high temperature sintering furnace to fixing; Under the nitrogen atmosphere protection, 700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 2 h ~ 4h; The composite rolling deflection is 50% ~ 70%, and the silver copper oxide behind the composite rolling/copper coin material thickness is 3 mm ~ 6mm;
(8) silver copper oxide behind the composite rolling/copper coin material is rolled into the compound electrical contact band of silver copper oxide and copper through cold working heat treatment repeatedly.
Further be provided be with Ag ingot, Cu ingot and mishmetal by weight the ratio of 90.8:8.7:0.5, get Ag ingot 26.64Kg, Cu ingot 2.553Kg and mishmetal 0.147Kg, place be smelted into liquid state in the frequency smelting stove after; Carry out alloy atomization with hydraulic atomized equipment, the particle after the atomizing through the oven dry, after the screening with granularity oxidation in the oxidation furnace in 100 orders ~ 300 purpose powder are packed into; Temperature is controlled at 550 ℃ during oxidation, keeps the oxygen of 0.6MPa to press, and takes out behind the oxidation 4h; Through detecting the back employing isostatic cool pressing technology that meets the requirements, the special pressure equipment of putting into pressure 150MPa is processed into billet, then sintering 4h in temperature is 870 ℃ equipment; After being squeezed into sheet material, compound behind the polishing grinding again with copper coin, under the nitrogen atmosphere protection; Sintering temperature is 730 ℃; Sintering time is 3h, and the composite rolling deflection is 70%, and the silver copper oxide behind the composite rolling/copper coin material is through being rolled into the compound electrical contact band of silver copper oxide and copper.This be provided with can also be with Ag ingot, Cu plate and mishmetal by weight the ratio of 91.7:7.8:0.5, get Ag ingot 26.90Kg, Cu plate 2.289Kg and mishmetal 0.147Kg, place be smelted into liquid state in the frequency smelting stove after; Carry out alloy atomization with hydraulic atomized equipment, the particle after the atomizing through the oven dry, after the screening with granularity oxidation in the oxidation furnace in 100 ~ 300 purpose powder are packed into; Temperature is controlled at 580 ℃ during oxidation, keeps the oxygen of 0.5MPa to press, and oxidation was taken out after 2 hours; Through detecting the back employing isostatic cool pressing technology that meets the requirements, the special pressure equipment of putting into pressure 150MPa is processed into billet, then heat treatment 4h in temperature is 850 ℃ equipment; Be squeezed into sheet material, compound behind the polishing grinding again with copper coin, under the nitrogen atmosphere protection; Sintering temperature is 750 ℃; Sintering time is 1h, and the composite rolling deflection is 68%, and the silver copper oxide behind the composite rolling/copper coin material is through being rolled into the compound electrical contact band of silver copper oxide and copper.
Further setting is that the thickness of the compound electrical contact band of described silver copper oxide and copper is 0.5 mm ~ 2mm.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. silver, copper and mishmetal are founded in intermediate frequency furnace after the proportioning by a certain percentage, have guaranteed the uniformity of yellow gold component distributing.
2. yellow gold powder oxidation in interior oxidation furnace makes grain refinement, even tissue, the microstructure of material segregation not occur, eliminates the poor ridge of oxide district.Referring to Fig. 2.
3. static pressure, extrusion process such as employing becomes sheet material, thereby makes the alloy structure uniformity of silver copper oxide better, and the physical property of product and electrical property are obviously improved.
4. adopt the silver copper oxide/carbon/carbon-copper composite material of aximal deformation value composite rolling preparation; Add parchment covering in the middle of simultaneously compound, guaranteed to combine between silver copper oxide and the copper matrix firm, the working lining reservation silver alloy of this composite contact material; Solder side is a Cu alloy material; The characteristic that reaches each constituent element composition not only can be able to keep and give full play to, and because of complex effect produces very useful combination property, and practice thrift noble metal silver effectively; Reducing the electrical contact material cost, is 40 ~ 60% of full silver contact product price.
Because prescription of the present invention, technology are reasonable, the electrical contact of producing has the conductivity height, characteristics such as even tissue is careful, working lining and weld layer bond strength height, anti-melting welding, anti-electrical arc erosion.
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment the present invention is done further introduction.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is carried out concrete description below; Only be used for the present invention is further specified; Can not be interpreted as the qualification to protection range of the present invention, the technician in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to the content of foregoing invention.
Embodiment one
Ag ingot, Cu plate and mishmetal by weight the ratio of 90.8:8.7:0.5, are got Ag ingot 26.64Kg, Cu plate 2.553Kg and mishmetal 0.147Kg, place be smelted into liquid state in the frequency smelting stove after; Carry out alloy atomization with hydraulic atomized equipment, the particle after the atomizing through the oven dry, after the screening with granularity oxidation in the oxidation furnace in 100 orders ~ 300 purpose powder are packed into; Temperature is controlled at 550 ℃ during oxidation, keeps the oxygen of 0.6MPa to press, and takes out behind the oxidation 4h; Through detecting the back employing isostatic cool pressing technology that meets the requirements, the special pressure equipment of putting into pressure 150MPa is processed into billet, then sintering 4h in temperature is 870 ℃ equipment; After being squeezed into sheet material, compound behind the polishing grinding again with copper coin, under the nitrogen atmosphere protection; Heat treatment temperature is 730 ℃, and heat treatment time is 3h, and the composite rolling deflection is 70%; Silver copper oxide behind the composite rolling/copper coin material through be rolled into band again punching out become contact, after surface treatment, promptly can be made into the compound electrical contact of silver copper oxide and copper.
Present embodiment silver copper oxide working lining detects as follows through mechanical industry electrical material product quality supervision inspection center performance index: density: 9.86g/cm3,
Hardness (HB): 82.3,
Resistivity: 2.29 μ Ω cm,
Metallographic structure: particle distributes evenly main in silver matrix, no aggregation, field trash, pore, and compound working lining is evenly distributed, and does not have the copper of leakage basis material around the surface.
Embodiment two:
Ag ingot, Cu plate and mishmetal by weight the ratio of 91.7:7.8:0.5, are got Ag ingot 26.90Kg, Cu plate 2.289Kg and mishmetal 0.147Kg, place be smelted into liquid state in the frequency smelting stove after; Carry out alloy atomization with hydraulic atomized equipment, the particle after the atomizing through the oven dry, after the screening with granularity oxidation in the oxidation furnace in 100 ~ 300 purpose powder are packed into; Temperature is controlled at 580 ℃ during oxidation, keeps the oxygen of 0.5MPa to press, and oxidation was taken out after 2 hours; Through detecting the back employing isostatic cool pressing technology that meets the requirements, the special pressure equipment of putting into pressure 150MPa is processed into billet, then heat treatment 4h in temperature is 850 ℃ equipment; Be squeezed into sheet material, compound behind the polishing grinding again with copper coin, under the nitrogen atmosphere protection; Sintering temperature is 750 ℃, and sintering time is 1h, and the composite rolling deflection is 68%; Silver copper oxide behind the composite rolling/copper coin material through be rolled into band again punching out become contact, after surface treatment, promptly can be made into the compound electrical contact of silver copper oxide and copper.
The silver copper oxide that employing the present invention makes and the compound electrical contact of copper, its silver copper oxide working lining performance index are following:
1. density >=9.6g/cm3;
2. hardness (HB) >=70;
3. resistivity≤3.3 μ Ω cm;
4. metallographic structure: uniform particles;
5. bond strength: silver copper oxide working lining and matrix copper faying face are seamless.