CN102487669B - Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton - Google Patents
Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487669B CN102487669B CN201110456630.6A CN201110456630A CN102487669B CN 102487669 B CN102487669 B CN 102487669B CN 201110456630 A CN201110456630 A CN 201110456630A CN 102487669 B CN102487669 B CN 102487669B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton, the method is that cotton picking completes at three different times, is that first time timing locates that the ripe rear timing localization machine of hand getting, disleave and Cui is adopted, the comprehensive hand getting of rear second time adopted by machine respectively; The present invention not only guarantees that Xinjiang island cotton is plucked and adopts soon, efficiently, also greatly reduces the artificial amount of labour used, effective solution " manually waste " problem, reduce costs, realize Xinjiang island cotton 18-25% hand getting, object that 76-82% machine is adopted, to break in reality " Xinjiang island cotton can not machine adopt " conclusion.Verify with 1560 mu of large area through 100 mu of small size tests in 2 years, reach re-set target.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton.
Background technology
Fabric of island-in-sea type long-staple cotton (Islandcotton), 4n=52, formal name used at school G.barbadense, originate in south, Central America, because fecund is gained the name on island, be called for short sea-island cotton, because it is to natural conditions, particularly require that obviously more general upland cotton is high to illumination and water and fertilizer condition, cause applicable plantation sea-island cotton region less, China only has Xinjiang region to plant sea-island cotton.
The long-term cultivated area of Xinjiang island cotton about 2,000,000 mu, to guaranteeing that China spy spins the raw material of industry and plays an important role, but along with the swift and violent rising of labor cost, add fabric of island-in-sea type long wool cotton boll little, and have sagging in various degree, sea-island cotton manually picks up the average 35-50 kg/day of colored unginned cotton amount, pick up adolescence normal manually picking up by one to take time 70 days, a people only can pick up 2450-3500 kilogram of unginned cotton, obvious speed is slow, efficiency is low, its integrated cost is up to more than 3.2 yuan/kilogram in addition, average out to 2.65 yuan/kilogram, add harvesting personnel " recruitment is waste " especially severe, before ending on November in 2011 1, estimate that the sea-island cotton planted then has at least the cotton of 30% not pluck in time, establishing in large scale can be continued and become the problem that grower ruminates over, sea-island cotton picking rate is slow in a word, efficiency is low and undermanned height directly threatens national unique sea-island cotton producing region to develop in a healthy way with cost, thus application fast, efficiently, the picking method of low cost is inexorable trend.
Production practices show: it is the most effective way realizing Quick picking method that machine is adopted, and the sea-island cotton kind beginning fruit joint position height 7-11cm of the existing plantation in Xinjiang, average 9.6cm, add bell little (average bell is heavy less than 3.0 grams), blow-of-cottons concentration degree is not high, bell is sagging in various degree, containing wadding tight slightly or partially pine etc. problem, unfavorable to mechanical picking, further machine is adopted test and is shown, the main reason that restriction Xinjiang island cotton machine is adopted: fruit joint position of beginning is too low, and cotton picker spindle can not complete harvesting operation; Begin fruit joint position more than 18cm in usual machine cotton picking field, as lower than 15cm, simply will think and can not adopt by machine, this has become a kind of inertial thinking.
Ripe Chemical defoliation, the ripe method of Cui realize the key that machine adopts, and Xinjiang island cotton grows characteristic, comprise Other Main Agronomic Characters all with the world main machine adopt sea-island cotton growing area long-staple cotton and have larger difference, particularly with Pima type long-staple cotton, Xinjiang island cotton cotton region is short for effective breeding time compared with other sea-island cotton of the world arbitrary scale growing area, existing kind applies mechanically medium staple cotton Chemical defoliation, the ripe underproduction of Cui is serious, quality declines significantly, add Xinjiang island cotton blade large, crinosity, and wax coat and cuticula thicker, blade surface dust is more, affect medicament and directly adhere to leaf surface, be unfavorable for that medicament attracts, show disleave, Cui's ripe dose of insensitive phenomenon, thus Xinjiang island cotton Chemical defoliation, the ripe method of Cui can not apply mechanically external sea-island cotton, Xinjiang medium staple cotton method can not be applied mechanically again, and Xinjiang island cotton disleave, the ripe method of Cui, mainly comprise disleave and Cui's ripe time, types of medicines and dosage, unmanned research report up to now, thus in the urgent need to researching and developing the disleave time matched with Xinjiang island cotton, types of medicines and dosage.
The invention provides a kind of Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton, the method relates to sea-island cotton and manually plucks (also known as hand getting) and mechanical picking (abbreviation machine is adopted) mode, all has extremely strong timing and polarization; Location refers to that plucking blow-of-cottons bell position determines, timing refers to the arrangement of time of plucking location blow-of-cottons bell; Usually artificial harvesting (referring to the whole hand getting of cotton field cotton) is to plucking time without strict demand, and every normal blow-of-cottons cotton boll all can be plucked.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, provides a kind of Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton, and the method guarantees that cotton picking completes at three different times, is that after first time, hand getting, disleave were located in timing, timing localization machine is adopted, machine adopts the comprehensive hand getting of rear second time respectively; The present invention not only guarantees that Xinjiang island cotton is plucked and adopts soon, efficiently, also greatly reduces the artificial amount of labour used, effective solution " manually waste " problem, reduce costs, realize Xinjiang island cotton 18-25% hand getting, object that 76-82% machine is adopted, to break in reality " Xinjiang island cotton can not machine adopt " conclusion.
A kind of Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton of the present invention, the method is plucked and is completed at three different times, and be that hand getting is located in first time timing respectively, after disleave, timing localization machine is adopted, and the comprehensive hand getting of rear second time adopted by machine, and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
Hand getting is located in a, first time timing: the time is 5-September 15 September, plucks 1-3 or 1-4 fruit joint from bottom to top and all becomes bell blow-of-cottons bell;
B, Chemical defoliation, Cui is ripe adopts with disleave, the ripe rear timing localization machine of Cui: in spraying chemical defoliant and ripe dose of Cui 15-30 day in September, spraying defoliant and ripe dose of Cui after 25-35 days, disleave rate reaches 93-95%, and blow-of-cottons rate can pluck the whole blow-of-cottons bell cottons of fruit joint at 18-20cm by machine mining method routinely at 96-98%;
The comprehensive hand getting of rear second time adopted by c, machine: cotton picker pluck less than place carry out second time hand getting, for the second time hand getting will not collect unginned cotton for cotton field is all.
Step a each individual plant hand getting 2-4 blow-of-cottons bell.
Step c unginned cotton comprises lands cotton, hanging branch cotton and leaks cotton picking.
Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton of the present invention, the artificial harvesting related in the method, if too early owing to treating the non-blow-of-cottons of cotton picking, can not reach location and pluck goal task, if spend evening, hand getting operation easily causes other blow-of-cottons unginned cotton drop and pollution.The object that the method realizes Xinjiang island cotton 18-24% hand getting, 76-82% machine is adopted, cotton field pluck cost by 1.5-1.8 unit of existing 2.5-3.1 unit/kilogram to be down to/kilogram, before second time hand getting, pick up rate is up to 95.6%, and after second time hand getting, its pick up rate reaches more than 98%; Machine adopts unginned cotton percentage of impurity 14-17%, water content 8-12%, and leak cotton picking 0.8-1.9%, hanging branch cotton 1.6-2.1%, the cotton 1.3-1.8% that lands, Quick picking method cotton field hand getting cotton amount is cotton consistent with normal hand getting.In picking process, the average daily average 35-45 kilogram/people of wherein hand getting unginned cotton, average daily unginned cotton amount 67200-160000 kg/day adopted by machine, machine adopts average daily area 300-550 mu/platform of plucking (by operation in 24 hours, comprise maintenance, maintenance etc.), unginned cotton harvesting amount is 67200-123200 kg/day, is equivalent to normal hand getting cotton field 1221.8-3080.0 people 1 day hand getting unginned cotton total amount.The present invention not only guarantees that Xinjiang island cotton is plucked and adopts soon, efficiently, also greatly reduces the artificial amount of labour used, effectively solves " manually waste " problem, reduces cost, to break in reality " Xinjiang island cotton can not machine adopt " conclusion.Verify with 1560 mu of large area through 100 mu of small size tests in 2 years, reach re-set target.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Maximum cotton pickers is used to be Keyes (CASE) and John at present in the method for the invention. Deere (JohnDeere) 6 row cotton picker, test on October 25th, 2010 in 100 mu of Xinjiang island cotton cotton fields, this picking method is again verified in 5-7 day in November, 2011, position is 1560 mu at Xinjiang Production and Construction Army Corps' agriculture one teacher two checking acreage under cotton, the present invention is directed to Xinjiang island cotton breediness, specify hand getting time and joint position, Chemical defoliation, machine are adopted the time etc. and are plucked matching method, and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
First time timing location hand getting and matching method, solve low level blow-of-cottons bell and pluck problem
In cotton boll blowing 5-September 15 September early stage (regularly) manually pluck every strain from bottom to top 1-3 or 1-4 fruit save whole blow-of-cottons bell unginned cotton, because cotton cotton buds and bolls exist nature obscission, each fruit joint average one-tenth bell is generally no more than 1, thus generally, first time hand getting 2-3 blow-of-cottons bell, individual plant at most only needs hand getting 4 blow-of-cottons bells, and all the other fruit joint blow-of-cottons bell unginned cottons keep for mechanical picking;
Determine that hand getting 1-3 fruit saves position according to cotton variety, land readjustment degree and type and debugging situation thereof, or 1-4 fruit joint, guarantee first timing location hand getting blow-of-cottons bell overhead height critical value orientate 18-20cm as, cotton variety begins in principle, and fruit joint position is lower, soil is more smooth, the minimum liftoff vertical range of ingot of plucking of cotton picker is less, and critical value is less;
For the fast cotton picking after ensureing cotton grower's increasing both production and income and processing can meet the demand of textile enterprise to quality raw materials, reduce artificial harvesting amount and intensity, for the method select varietal character should possess following characteristics: output and comprehensive resistance high, maturity is good, fiber hereditary quality is excellent, beginning really, joint position is relatively high, cotton plant 18-20cm is with the less cotton variety of product ratio total shared by lower portion output, in, top portion knot bell is many, blow-of-cottons relative morning, concentrate soon, plant type is compact, good containing wadding property, do not press from both sides shell, non-lodging, more responsive to defoliant, plant height is generally advisable with 90-110cm, select precocious from the kind of existing cultivation, high-quality, high yielding variety, as new sea 20, 21, 24, 28, No. 36,
During picked by hand, adopt " fruit joint " location, because kind begins, fruit joint position inheritance is stronger, under same kind same planting management condition, accurately can judge joint position, below 18-20cm blow-of-cottons bell place completely, pluck 1-3 or 1-4 fruit joint from bottom to top and all become bell blow-of-cottons bell, strong operability;
Chemical defoliation, Cui is ripe adopts with disleave, the ripe rear timing localization machine of Cui:
Disleave, forced ripening method are one of machine important measures of adopting; It is related to machine and adopts success harvesting, and directly the clearing up and processing effect of quality, speed and unginned cotton is plucked in impact; Therefore necessary proper use of disleave, ripe dose of Cui;
Disleave, the medicament accelerated the ripening have to take off tells grand (DroppUitra, 540 grams per liter suspending agents), companion's precious (280 grams per liter soluble concentrate), ethrel (40% aqua), Rui Tuolong (80% Thidiazuron wetting powder), the treasured that comes off (DROPP, Chinese Thidiazuron, 50% wetting powder); It is wherein de-that to tell grand be the mixture of Thidiazuron (Thidiazuron) and the diuron (Diuron) produced by Beyer Co., Ltd; Rui Tuolong is produced by Jiangsu Rui Bang agrochemical Co., Ltd;
Although ethrel has obvious disleave and dematuration, its blade, by withered dead after medicine, be rolled on cotton branch, easily pollute unginned cotton; Though come off, treasured can play disleave effect, and accelerate the ripening DeGrain; Cotton plant blade is after being subject to " come off treasured " effect, and form abscission layer in petiole stem, petiole, blade come off together, do not dry up, and are convenient to machine and adopt; Companion is precious as a kind of auxiliary agent, can strengthen de-ly to tell grand adhesion amount on plant leaf blade and seepage velocity, reduces droplet drift, improves operating speed, guarantee stable drug effect; Therefore, " taking off and tell grand+companion's treasured " mixed with " ethrel " is more satisfactory one of disleave, forced ripening method;
Disleave, ripe dose of Cui spray the time and are: front l-3 days when mean temperature of air is stabilized in 18-20 DEG C in 7-lO days, during dispenser, field nature blow-of-cottons rate is more than 36%, and the bell phase of top of cotton flower bell reaches more than 50d, disleave, Cui are too early ripe, affect that bell is heavy, yield and quality, spend evening and then affect disleave, the ripe effect of Cui, lose and spray disleave, the meaning that Cui is ripe dose, general in 15-30 day in September, when blow-of-cottons bell at least reaches more than 36%, spray Chemical defoliation, ripe dose of Cui, disleave, ripe dose of Cui uses kind and consumption to be: de-ly tell grand 12-15ml/ mu+companion's treasured (Beyer Co., Ltd produce de-tell grand special assistant) 50ml+ ethrel 70 ~ 100ml/ mu, or auspicious de-imperial 25-30g/ mu+ethrel 70 ~ 100ml/ mu, or the precious 30-35g/ mu that comes off+ethrel 60-90ml/ mu, be watered after above-mentioned medicament mixing and be made into 10-40L/ mu working solution, blade face even spraying,
Difference sprays the time, temperature, intensity of illumination, different cultivars, different growing way situation cotton fields dosing have obvious difference, the time that sprays is more late, temperature is lower with intensity of illumination, cotton field growth potential is stronger, kind is relative more insensitive to medicament, and its Chemical defoliation, Cui's ripe dose of consumption are larger; What Xinjiang island cotton was concrete spray, and the time also should be determined according to the kind of locality plantation, maturity, density and weather condition, but the time that sprays general comparatively upland cotton 5-7 days in evening;
Uniformity is wanted when spraying medicament, to make on every leaf can in various degree medicine, therefore the amount of liquid medicine that works wants foot, the concrete quantity variance of working solution is determined by fogging degree, and fogging degree is better, and its working solution is fewer, effect is better, because aerial spray fogging degree is high, and operating efficiency is fast, and place with good conditionsi preferably uses aerial spray;
25-35 days after Chemical defoliation, disleave rate reaches 93-95%, and blow-of-cottons rate can pluck fruit joint in more than 18cm all blow-of-cottons bell cottons by machine mining method routinely at 96-98%;
In order to applicable sea-island cotton rapid picking, in good time early sowing, to pinch, conservative control liquid manure, strengthen short precocious and change a series of control measures such as control, make cotton proper height, knot bell is good, and unanimously ripe, blow-of-cottons are concentrated, thus improve the pick up rate of fast cotton picking;
The sowing of rapid picking cotton field takes width line width film highly dense drip irrigation high-yield culturing cropping pattern, wide behavior 63-68, narrow row 8-13cm, but the wide row+narrow row in same cotton field is necessary for 76cm, 66+10cm or 68+8cm is selected in suggestion;
Fast cotton picking field is comparatively strict to the requirement in soil, be more than 100 mu in flakes without bar field, the ridge, generally do not take off film, after cutting off the water Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation machine adopt do not complete before do not reclaim hollow billet, but the joint of irrigate band, pipeline, arm and hollow billet and mulch film rent soil are buried, weeds in timely removing ground, pick up the residual film in clean field etc., in addition, also will before machine is adopted the whole blow-of-cottons unginned cotton in the edge of a field of hand getting l5--20m, be beneficial to cotton picker turning tune, reduce cotton picker rolling cotton, ensure that smooth machine is adopted;
The comprehensive hand getting of rear second time adopted by machine:
Cotton picker pluck less than place must carry out second time hand getting, second time hand getting will not collect unginned cotton for cotton field is all, comprise landing the cotton and leakage cotton picking of cotton, hanging branch, and picking method carries out routinely.
Adopt the unginned cotton leading indicator that the method for the invention is plucked:
In the method recovery process, the average daily average 35-45 kilogram/people of wherein hand getting unginned cotton, cotton picker daily plucks area 300-550 mu/platform (by operation in 24 hours, unginned cotton harvesting amount is that 67200-123200 kg/day comprises maintenance, maintenance etc.), machine is adopted efficiency and is equivalent to normal hand getting cotton field 1221.8-3080.0 people 1 day hand getting unginned cotton total amount, not only speed is fast in the present invention, efficiency is high good in economic efficiency in addition, significantly reduces the advantage of contracting family labour intensity;
Per unit area yield unginned cotton 320 kgs/acre, normal cotton field hand getting quantity 40-55 kg/day, every 1000 mu of normal hand gettings need 5818-8000.0 labour, and namely 100 people pluck 58-80 days, and by the method for the invention, quantity 35-45 kg/day is plucked in cotton field hand getting, hand getting amount is by 18-25%, and only need labour 1280-2285.7,100 people's hand gettings only need 13-23 days, add a cotton picker harvesting again and within 2.0-3.3 days, complete whole harvesting task, the time used is only normal hand getting 16.2-39.7%;
Method cotton field of the present invention pluck cost by 1.5-1.8 unit of existing 2.5-3.1 unit/kilogram to be down to/kilogram, and machine adopt rear second time hand getting before pick up rate up to 95.6%, after the artificial filling mining of second time, its pick up rate reaches more than 98%, Quick picking method cotton field hand getting quality with normally pluck consistent; Machine adopts unginned cotton percentage of impurity 14-17%, water content 8-12%, leaks cotton picking 0.8-1.9%, hanging branch cotton 1.6-2.1%, the cotton 1.3-1.8% that lands.
Claims (1)
1. a Quick picking method for Xinjiang island cotton, is characterized in that the method is plucked and completes at three different times, and be that hand getting is located in first time timing respectively, after disleave, timing localization machine is adopted, and the comprehensive hand getting of rear second time adopted by machine, and concrete operations follow these steps to carry out:
Hand getting is located in a, first time timing: the time is 5-September 15 September, plucks 1-3 or 1-4 fruit joint from bottom to top and all becomes bell blow-of-cottons bell, wherein each individual plant hand getting 2-4 blow-of-cottons bell;
B, Chemical defoliation, accelerate the ripening with disleave, accelerate the ripening after timing localization machine adopt: spray chemical defoliant and ripener in 15-30 day in September, spraying defoliant and after ripener 25-35 days, disleave rate reaches 93-95%, and blow-of-cottons rate can pluck the whole blow-of-cottons bell cottons of fruit joint at 18-20cm by machine mining method routinely at 96-98%;
The comprehensive hand getting of rear second time adopted by c, machine: cotton picker pluck less than place carry out second time hand getting, second time hand getting will not collect unginned cotton for cotton field is all, and wherein unginned cotton comprises and lands the cotton and leakage cotton picking of cotton, hanging branch.
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Families Citing this family (4)
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| CN109566322B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2023-04-25 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for interplanting long and short fruit branches and island cotton |
| CN111528226A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-08-14 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cotton defoliation ripener and application thereof |
| CN111713365B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2022-05-27 | 新疆金丰源种业股份有限公司 | High-quality Xinjiang machine-harvested cotton production method |
| CN112205266B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-07-01 | 塔里木大学 | Cotton planting method for promoting seedling early-growing |
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| CN101243800A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2008-08-20 | 王绪征 | Cotton defoliation ripening multicomponent preparations and preparation thereof |
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| CN101243800A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2008-08-20 | 王绪征 | Cotton defoliation ripening multicomponent preparations and preparation thereof |
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| 大力推广棉花"人工快速采摘"势在必行;冯绍斌等;《棉花加工技术》;20031231(第2期);第20-21页 * |
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