CN102481834B - 运行用于作业机械的至少一个电动设备的电动运行系统和包含该电动运行系统的作业机械 - Google Patents

运行用于作业机械的至少一个电动设备的电动运行系统和包含该电动运行系统的作业机械 Download PDF

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CN102481834B
CN102481834B CN200980160913.7A CN200980160913A CN102481834B CN 102481834 B CN102481834 B CN 102481834B CN 200980160913 A CN200980160913 A CN 200980160913A CN 102481834 B CN102481834 B CN 102481834B
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electrical equipment
work machine
electric
operation system
fly wheel
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CN102481834A (zh
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奥利弗·比切勒
阿尔弗雷德·里希特
君特·施泰因布雷希尔
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Volvo Construction Equipment AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/28—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of power take-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电动运行系统(50)，用来运行用于作业机械(10)的至少一个电动设备(60)。该电动运行系统(50)包括飞轮发电机(52)，用于产生至少一个电动设备(60)的运行所需的电能。此外，系统包括连接到飞轮发电机(52)的输出端的功率电子装置(54)，用于将飞轮发电机(52)提供的电压水平调整到至少一个电动设备(60)的运行所需的电压水平。最后，系统包括连接器装置(58)，适于当至少一个电动设备(60)被附接到作业机械(10)或布置在作业机械(10)上时可连接到功率电子装置(54)和至少一个电动设备(60)，用于按所调整的电压水平向至少一个电动设备(60)提供电能。

Description

运行用于作业机械的至少一个电动设备的电动运行系统和包含该电动运行系统的作业机械
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用来运行用于作业机械的至少一个电动设备的电动运行系统和包含电动运行系统的作业机械。
背景技术
JP2003234208A公开了一种用于作业机械的系统，其中电动发电机结合进发动机的飞轮外壳中。在发动机的低负载操作期间，电动发电机在发电机模式中操作，为DC电池充电。在发动机的高负载操作期间，电动发电机在电机模式中操作，并且驱动作业机械的致动器，同时由DC电池为电动发电机供应电能。
已知现有技术中存在很多可以附接到作业机械或布置在作业机械上并由作业机械的操纵者操纵的不同设备(也称作附加装置或工具)。这些设备或工具尤其适于它们的制造目的。特别是，存在已知的能够被电流磁化的电动设备或工具，诸如磁板(magneticplate)，或能够例如通过电机被电驱动的，诸如辅助水泵。在后者的例子中，通常水静压式(hydrostatic)驱动装置能够由电驱动装置(例如所述电机)代替。通常，单独的发电机安装在作业机械上，用于产生运行这些电工具或电驱动工具所需的电能。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种适于在作业机械内、作业机械上、或与作业机械连接使用的电动运行系统，该电动运行系统是紧凑的并且具有防故障的高可靠性。
另一个目的是提供一种作业机械，该作业机械包含这样的可靠和紧凑的电动运行系统。
上述目的通过独立权利要求的特征实现。其它权利要求、说明书和附图公开了本发明的有利的实施例。
本发明的第一方面，提供一种电动运行系统，用来运行用于作业机械的至少一个电动设备，其中至少一个电动设备是附加装置，其可附接到作业机械，或可布置在作业机械上，或者其中至少一个电动设备是通过电机电可驱动的辅助装置。系统包括飞轮发电机，用于产生至少一个电动设备的运行所需的电能。此外，系统包括功率电子装置，其连接到飞轮发电机的输出，用于将飞轮发电机提供的电压水平调整到至少一个电动设备的运行所需的电压水平。最后，系统包括连接器装置，其适于当至少一个电动设备被附接到作业机械或布置在作业机械上时可连接到功率电子装置和至少一个电动设备，用于按所调整的电压水平向至少一个电动设备提供电能。
飞轮用作发电机，其产生运行附接到作业机械或布置在作业机械上的一个或多个电动设备所需的电能。在本发明的一个优选实施例中，飞轮发电机与车辆的内燃机结合。这样的优势在于事实上不需要额外的空间用于为所述电动设备提供电能的电源。特别是，所述电动设备能够装入工具中，该工具通过电机可驱动或通过由飞轮发电机提供的电流磁化，诸如磁板附加装置。诸如水泵的辅助部件也可以被作为代替通常的水静压能源的电源的飞轮发电机驱动。可以避免易于发生故障的齿轮带或软管，这改进了这样的作业机械的运行可靠性。相应地，增加了操纵者的操纵舒适性。
有利地，飞轮不用作电动发电机，而是仅作为在其运行期间提供电能的发电机，由此作为尤其用于附接到作业机械或布置在作业机械上并且通过电机可驱动或通过电流可以磁化的电动设备或工具的电源。有利地，飞轮发电机甚至能够代替水静压能源驱动工具。飞轮发电机还能为没有附接到作业机械的外部装置提供电能。
作业机械可以是例如轮式或轨道式的移动机械或建筑设备，或固定机械或建筑设备。在一个(示例性的)有利应用中，它可以是挖掘机或轮式装载机或任意其它地面移动机械。
根据本发明的适于配备有内燃机的作业机械的有利实施例，飞轮发电机能够布置在作业机械的内燃机的输出轴上，优选在位于内燃机和液压泵之间的输出轴上，用于产生电能。这样布置的一个主要优势在于其紧凑和运行可靠。飞轮发电机小并且实际上结合进内燃机所需的整个空间。
根据本发明的有利实施例，能量缓冲器能够耦合到飞轮发电机上。电动设备可以在独立于发动机的驱动轴的实际载荷的稳定方式下运行。有利地，能量缓冲器可以(i)用作另外的或备用电源，用于在暂时增加的电能消耗高峰的情况下补偿通过飞轮发电机提供电能的任何局限，以及(ii)一旦飞轮发电机出现故障，用作安全系统。此外，对于要求DC供电的工具和附加装置可以采用DC供电。
根据本发明的有利实施例，能量缓冲器通过飞轮发电机可充电，该飞轮发电机与内燃机的启动电池的充电系统分开。能量缓冲器可以是蓄电池，其具有的电势有利地是内燃机的启动电池的电势的至少两倍。特别地，能量缓冲器具有的电势可以在大约50和大约1000伏特之间，优选在大约100和大约800伏特之间，并且优选在下面的范围中的一个之间：(i)大约100至大约150伏特，(ii)大约180至大约250伏特，(iii)大约350至大约450伏特，和(iv)大约500至大约800伏特。
相比于在12到24伏特的范围内运行的启动电池系统，用于运行电动设备的更高电压水平允许在合理电流水平的高电能，其相比于在相同电能水平的具有较高电流的较低电压水平有利地仅要求小电机。
根据本发明的有利实施例，电动设备可以是磁板。有利地，磁板可以被飞轮发电机供应的电流磁化并且当电源——即飞轮发电机——被关闭或(与任何连接到电动运行系统的电能量缓冲器一起)电断开磁板时自动消磁。
替代地，电动设备可以是作业机械中的装置，诸如空调系统的压缩机(AC压缩机)，冷却风扇等。特别地，可以通过飞轮发电机向辅助水泵供应电能用于其泵运行。
根据本发明的另一方面，作业机械包括内燃机和电动运行系统，该电动运行系统设置为用于运行附接到所述作业机械或布置在所述作业机械上的至少一个电动设备，其中电动运行系统包括飞轮发电机，其用于产生运行至少一个电动设备所需的电能。此外，系统包括功率电子装置，其连接到飞轮发电机的输出端，用于将飞轮发电机提供的电压水平调整到至少一个电动设备的运行所需的电压水平。最后，系统包括连接器装置，其适于当至少一个电动设备被附接到作业机械或布置在作业机械上时可连接到功率电子装置和至少一个电动设备，用于按所调整的电压水平向至少一个电动设备提供电能。在这样的作业机械内、在作业机械上和与作业机械连接的本发明的一个主要效果在于，当使用所述电动设备时可以为作业机械的操纵者提供高舒适性。由于没有另外的发电机附接到作业机械上，本发明的另一个主要效果在于在运行设备过程中降低噪音并且为所述电动设备的运行提供可靠的电源。
根据本发明的有利实施例，至少一个电动设备或工具可以是被电磁铁磁化的磁板。替代地，电动设备可以被电机驱动。
根据本发明的有利实施例，可以设置至少一个另外的能量缓冲器，其中另外的能量缓冲器通过与内燃机的启动电池的充电系统分开的飞轮发电机充电。
优选地，可以设置连接器装置用于将其它电消耗装置连接到飞轮发电机，诸如前灯、搜寻灯、作业灯、泵、AC压缩机、冷却风扇等等。
附图说明
本发明以及上述和其它目的和优点将通过对下面的实施例的详细描述有最好的理解，但是不局限于这些实施例，附图中示意性示出：
图1.根据本发明的电动运行系统的优选示例实施例，其包括作为电附加装置的磁板；
图2.图1的电动运行系统的示例实施例的有利的进一步改进，其另外包括能量缓冲器；和
图3.配备有根据本发明的电动运行系统的优选实施例的作业机械的示例实施例。
具体实施方式
在附图中，相同或相似元件采用相同的附图标记表示。附图仅仅用于示意性描述，而无意描绘本发明的特殊参数。此外，附图仅描述本发明的典型实施例，并且因此不应被看作是对本发明的范围的限制。
图1示意性描述了用于运行附接到作业机械10(图3)或布置在作业机械10上的一个或多个电动设备60的电动运行系统50。其中电动设备60(以示例的方式)实现为被电磁铁64磁化并附接到作业机械10(图3)的臂30的磁板62。作业机械10配备有内燃机20。
用于产生电动设备60的运行所需的电能的飞轮发电机52布置在内燃机20的输出侧，例如在内燃机20和液压泵26之间的输出轴24上。替代地，飞轮发电机52能够凸缘接合在内燃机20上并且液压泵26凸缘接合在飞轮发电机52上。
通常，内燃机20设置启动电池22用于启动内燃机并给作业机械10的常规机载电系统(未示出)提供电能。
飞轮发电机52的构造是现有技术中已知的。例如，在飞轮腔内侧，永磁体可以布置在飞轮上(未示出)，该永磁体运行中耦合到飞轮腔内部的定子线圈(未示出)。当飞轮旋转时，即当例如飞轮的永磁体在飞轮的定子线圈内部旋转时，以现有技术中公知的方式产生电能。
设置功率电子装置54用于把飞轮发电机52所提供的作为输出电压的电压水平调整到电动设备60的运行所要求的电压水平。连接器装置58连接功率电子装置54和电动设备60使得当电动设备60附接到作业机械10或布置在作业机械10上时能够供应电能给电动设备60。
可以采用适合的功率电子装置54，例如，本领域已知的AC/DC或AC/AC转换器，例如PWM(或PDM)、PFM、PSM转换器(AC＝交流；DC＝直流；PWM＝脉宽调制；PDM＝脉冲持续时间调制；PFM＝脉冲频率调制；PSM＝脉冲阶梯调制)。
如图2所描述的，有利地，将能量缓冲器56添加到根据图1的电动运行系统，能量缓冲器56以现有技术中的已知方式耦合到功率电子装置54。能量缓冲器56能够补偿由相应的飞轮52的转动变化引起的飞轮52的电能供应变化，飞轮52的转动变化又是内燃机20和/或连接到液压泵26的作业机械10的液压系统(未示出)的运行变化的结果。
能量缓冲器56通过飞轮发电机52可充电，飞轮发电机52与发动机20的启动电池22的充电系统分离。能量缓冲器56可以是蓄电池，其具有的电势是启动电池22的电势的至少两倍。尤其是，能量缓冲器56具有的电势可以在大约50和大约1000伏特之间，尤其是在大约100和大约800伏特之间，并且优选地在下面的范围中的一个之间：(i)大约100至大约150伏特，(ii)大约180至大约250伏特，(iii)大约350至大约450伏特，和(iv)大约500至大约800伏特。电驱动设备如电动设备60通常或未来可能在这样的电压范围内运行。
图3示出了作业机械10的一个示例实施例，其配备有根据本发明的用于电动设备50的电动运行系统。作业机械10包括例如电动设备60，诸如包括被电磁铁64磁化的磁板62的附加装置。
通常，电动运行系统50为诸如上述磁板62的通过电机可驱动或通过电流提供电能的一个或多个电动设备或工具60提供驱动电能。此外，电动运行系统50允许为辅助装置提供驱动电能，该辅助装置通常被其它能源驱动，诸如水静压装置，例如水泵等等。

Claims (13)

1.一种用来运行用于作业机械(10)的至少一个电动设备(60)的电动运行系统(50)，其特征在于该电动运行系统包括：
(i)飞轮发电机(52)，用于产生所述至少一个电动设备(60)的运行所需的电能，其中所述至少一个电动设备(60)是附加装置(62)，所述附加装置(62)可附接到所述作业机械(10)或可布置在所述作业机械(10)上，或者其中所述至少一个电动设备(60)是通过电机电可驱动的辅助装置；
(ii)功率电子装置(54)，连接到所述飞轮发电机(52)的输出端，用于将所述飞轮发电机(52)提供的电压水平调整到所述至少一个电动设备(60)的运行所需的电压水平；和
(iii)连接器装置(58)，适于当所述至少一个电动设备(60)附接到所述作业机械(10)或布置在所述作业机械(10)上时可连接到所述功率电子装置(54)和所述至少一个电动设备(60)，使得按所调整的电压水平向所述至少一个电动设备(60)提供电能，
其中，所述作业机械(10)包括内燃机(20)，所述飞轮发电机(52)布置在所述内燃机(20)的输出轴(24)上，
其中，能量缓冲器(56)耦合到所述飞轮发电机(52)和/或所述功率电子装置(54)，所述能量缓冲器(56)通过所述飞轮发电机(52)可充电，所述飞轮发电机(52)与所述内燃机(20)的启动电池(22)的充电系统分离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动运行系统，其特征在于，所述飞轮发电机(52)布置在所述内燃机(20)和液压泵(26)之间的输出轴(24)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动运行系统，其特征在于，所述能量缓冲器(56)是蓄电池，该蓄电池具有的电势是所述内燃机(20)的启动电池(22)的电势的至少两倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动运行系统，其特征在于，所述能量缓冲器(56)具有的电势在50和1000伏特之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电动运行系统，其特征在于，所述能量缓冲器(56)具有的电势在100和800伏特之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电动运行系统，其特征在于，所述能量缓冲器(56)具有的电势在下述范围之一内：(i)100至150伏特，(ii)180至250伏特，(iii)350至450伏特，和(iv)500至800伏特。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电动运行系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个电动设备(60)是被电磁铁(64)磁化的磁板(62)。
8.一种作业机械(10)，包括内燃机(20)和根据权利要求1所述的电动运行系统(50)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述飞轮发电机(52)布置在所述内燃机(20)的输出轴(24)上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的作业机械，其特征在于，所述飞轮发电机(52)布置在位于所述内燃机(20)和液压泵(26)之间的输出轴(24)上。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的作业机械，其中所述电动设备(60)是附加装置，或者其中所述电动设备(60)是由电机电可驱动的。
12.根据权利要求11所述的作业机械，其中所述电动设备(60)是可附接到所述作业机械(10)或可布置在所述作业机械(10)上的被电磁铁(64)磁化的磁板(62)。
13.根据权利要求8所述的作业机械，其中设置至少一个另外的能量缓冲器(56)，并且其中所述另外的能量缓冲器(56)通过与所述内燃机(20)的启动电池(22)的充电系统分离的所述飞轮发电机(52)充电。
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