CN102481807B - 用于橡胶制品的增强结构体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于橡胶制品的增强结构体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102481807B CN102481807B CN201080037292.6A CN201080037292A CN102481807B CN 102481807 B CN102481807 B CN 102481807B CN 201080037292 A CN201080037292 A CN 201080037292A CN 102481807 B CN102481807 B CN 102481807B
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- Prior art keywords
- silane
- amino
- reinforcement
- rubber
- ethyl
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 silicon alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- XGJSDYRPTUQQHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-aminoethylsilyl)propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC[SiH2]CCN XGJSDYRPTUQQHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- NRYVQNNLDURGON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-aminoethyl(dimethoxy)silyl]propan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN NRYVQNNLDURGON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MCEBKLYUUDGVMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH3]S(=O)=O Chemical compound [SiH3]S(=O)=O MCEBKLYUUDGVMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical class [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 21
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 6
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCl OXYZDRAJMHGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate Chemical compound [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005358 mercaptoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000555268 Dendroides Species 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005557 bromobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZHNUBIHHLQNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxysilane Chemical class CCCCO[SiH3] ZZHNUBIHHLQNHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CTIHZTFULZJBGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);decanoate Chemical compound [Co+2].CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CTIHZTFULZJBGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZMAPKOCENOWQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(diethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(CC)OCC ZMAPKOCENOWQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVUBDAUPRIFHFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].O=[Si]=O TVUBDAUPRIFHFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PEZBJHXXIFFJBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCO.OP(O)(O)=O PEZBJHXXIFFJBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)C RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006168 hydrated nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002454 metastable transfer emission spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
- D07B1/0666—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being characterised by an anti-corrosive or adhesion promoting coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
- B60C2009/0021—Coating rubbers for steel cords
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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Abstract
一种具有结合在其上的硅凝胶层的用于模制和挤出的制品如轮胎的增强件。在橡胶混合物的模制/硫化过程中,硅凝胶将增强件与橡胶混合物结合,而不需要缓慢固化阶段。可以通过溶胶-凝胶法将硅凝胶涂敷到金属结构体上,并且通过将溶胶在不超过150℃的温度干燥而形成凝胶。该增强件优选是由涂布有硅凝胶的钢丝形成的缆绳。为了进一步改进硅凝胶与橡胶混合物的结合,可以在橡胶混合物中包含有机硅烷结合剂,或在增强件上设置包含作为结合剂的有机硅烷的第二层。该增强件特别用于增强橡胶并对其提供几何稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于橡胶制品例如轮胎的增强结构体如丝线(wire)或缆绳(cable)。具体地,本发明涉及可以在减少的固化或硫化周期的情况下强力地与橡胶基体结合的增强材料。
背景技术
在模制和挤出橡胶物品工业中,某些应用得益于包含增强材料,所述增强材料典型以纤维、丝线、缆绳、织物或纺织结构形式存在于模制或挤出橡胶制品的橡胶基体内。这允许对模制橡胶制品进行好的尺寸控制,从而可以设计产品具有各向异性行为以增强在所述领域中的性能。这样的一个实例是在橡胶轮胎的生产中在轮胎的橡胶基体中引入金属帘线、通常是钢帘线以提供结构强度和几何稳定性。
为了使得增强件很好地起作用,其在下列方面应当具有适当的性能:耐温度性(允许加工),高弹性模量(抵抗过度的橡胶拉伸)和优异的对基体橡胶的粘合(使得最终的增强橡胶制品可以表现为真正的复合材料)。
在整个说明书中使用下列缩写:EPDM-从乙烯-丙烯-二烯单体制备的橡胶;BIIR-溴化异丁烯异戊二烯橡胶;CR-氯丁二烯橡胶,CSM-氯代磺化的聚乙烯橡胶,HNBR-氢化丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶,NBR-丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶,SBR-苯乙烯丁二烯橡胶,NR-天然橡胶和BR-丁二烯橡胶。
黄铜涂布的钢帘线目前被用作充气轮胎领域中的主要增强元件,例如胎带、帘布层(carcass)和胎圈。自从Michelin在1946年开发出子午线轮胎以来,黄铜涂布的钢帘线已经成为增强材料的一般形式并且被用于约98%的全球轿车胎和70%-80%的卡车轮胎。黄铜涂布的钢帘线允许轮胎制造商优化轮胎的许多物理参数,例如强度、刚度、模量、稳定性和均匀性。实际上,胎带区域的高刚度对于轮胎的好的胎面耐磨性、处理以及低的滚动阻力而言是至关重要的。
在硫化过程中黄铜涂布的钢帘线增强结构体和轮胎的橡胶混合物之间的形成的结合是控制汽车和卡车轮胎的性能和耐久性的主要特性。钢的镀铜是熟知方法,通过该方法可以在橡胶混合物和钢之间实现结合的改进。
如上所述的橡胶如NR与镀铜钢帘线的结合被认为发生如下。在硫化过程中,黄铜(铜和锌合金)对硫即硫化剂的暴露通过形成非化学计量的硫化铜而产生强的结合。在第一阶段中,硫化锌缓慢形成并且铜离子通过所述层的随后间隙扩散由于离子半径的差别而受到阻碍,并且来自黄铜的铜离子比锌离子更缓慢地迁移。硫化锌能够形成不同层;不过随着铜离子经由晶格缺陷扩散到此层中时,硫化铜增厚。在该层中存在的硫化铜的量直接涉及硫化程度,并且其对于将交联过程延迟足够长而构造出具有良好粘合用的临界厚度的硫化铜层而言是至关重要的。在此领域中的研究已经进行了许多年,仍然未准确确定硫化铜层如何与橡胶相互作用,但是据认为由于硫化铜层是树枝状形式的,因此通过该层与硫化橡胶之间的牢固的物理咬合而主要实现了高的结合强度。作为结合机理的一部分,已经提出了通过Cu-S-NR键的化学交联。
可以单独地或与环氧树脂体系组合地使用羧酸钴以改进并保持在橡胶-黄铜界面的持久结合。这样的钴盐的使用提供了黄铜涂布的钢和橡胶之间的结合,其被认为是轮胎工业获得橡胶-金属结合强度的水准标志。美国专利6,059,951公开了一种用于制备弹性体材料的复合元件的由钢制成并且涂布有锌/钴合金的丝线。将粘合促进剂如新癸酸钴添加至弹性体材料,其促进了弹性体材料对丝线的粘合。
如果要获得良好的结合强度,则如上所述的用于黄铜涂布的钢帘线的现有技术结合体系可能限制可以使用的组成和工艺。例如,为了实现橡胶和镀敷的钢之间的良好且持久粘合,所使用的橡胶混合物除包含作为粘合改进剂以外的羧酸钴以外必须包含相对高浓度的硫。而且,在橡胶混合物中的硫化速率必须慢,以使在所谓的固化的“焦化时期(scorch period)”中形成结合层。此缓慢的硫化步骤可能在生产工艺中导致限制速率的因素。因而,期望的是提供这样的结合方法,其去除了对这种慢固化步骤的需要,从而可以提高生产速率。还期望的是减少在轮胎中使用的橡胶混合物中不适宜的并且有毒的材料如硫、锌和钴的水平,以避免在制造过程中改进安全性和减少在最终丢弃轮胎时的有毒废物的问题。当在混合橡胶混合物过程中处理羧酸钴时必须适当小心。
用于将金属丝线与橡胶结合的方法之一是用Cu/Zn镀敷金属的表面以在得到的橡胶复合材料中形成Cu-S-橡胶键。然而,该方法由于金属丝线的表面被Cu/Zn涂布而具有下列缺点(参见,例如,Stephen Fulton,等,“轮胎钢帘线-橡胶粘合,包括钴的贡献(Steel tire cord-rubber adhesion,includingthe contribution of cobalt”,橡胶化学和技术(Rubber Chemistry andTechnology)(2004),第78卷,426-457)。
1)在一些硫化条件下过度生长CuxS层并且其容易从丝线的表面剥离。结果,对橡胶的粘合降低。
2)在高温,高湿和高盐浓度的条件下,对橡胶的粘合降低。(Cu和Zn之间在离子化趋势方面的差别(Zn具有比Cu更大的离子化趋势)可能在金属和橡胶之间的界面处形成ZnS层,从而导致降低对橡胶的粘合。)
因此,需要用于橡胶制品如轮胎的增强结构体,这样的增强结构体可以强力地结合至橡胶制品的橡胶基体而不存在现有技术结合方法的一些或所有问题。
发明概述
本发明的一个目的特别是提供一种用于橡胶制品特别是轮胎的增强件(reinforcing means),其可以结合至制品的橡胶混合物,而不需要特定的缓慢固化步骤并且不需要在橡胶制品中结合毒性结合剂。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种简单构件,其允许将未镀敷的钢用作用于橡胶制品的增强件的金属结构体,同时能够提供钢和橡胶混合物之间的强力结合。
本发明的第一方面提供一种用于橡胶制品的增强件,其包括具有结合在其上的第一硅凝胶(silica gel)层的金属结构体。
本发明的第二方面提供一种用于制备用于橡胶制品的增强件的方法,所述方法包括:
i)在金属结构体上沉积硅溶胶层,
ii)由所述硅溶胶层形成硅凝胶层,
从而形成所述增强件。
本发明的第三方面提供一种用于形成橡胶制品的方法,所述方法包括在橡胶混合物中的根据本发明的第一方面的增强件或通过本发明的第二方面的方法制备的增强件进行模制或共挤出。
本发明的第四方面提供一种橡胶制品,所述橡胶制品包含在橡胶混合物中的根据本发明的第一方面的增强件或通过本发明的第二方面的方法制备的增强件。
发明详述
以下阐述的用于本发明的众多不同方面的特征在适当的情况下可以与本发明的其它方面一起使用,并且在适当时,所述特征的组合可以用作本发明的不同方面的一部分,如在权利要求书中阐述的。
本发明的第一方面提供一种用于橡胶制品的增强件,该增强件包括具有结合在其上的第一硅凝胶层的金属结构体。
第一硅凝胶层对金属结构体的结合典型地通过用于将硅凝胶层沉积到金属结构体的表面上的方法实现。优选的沉积方法包括将在以下更详细地描述的溶胶-凝胶法。典型地,甚至当金属表面是未镀敷的钢时,也不需要另外的结合剂来实现金属表面和第一硅凝胶层之间的强力结合。
适当地,橡胶制品可以是轮胎。金属结构体优选是钢结构体,并且可以是用镀敷金属或合金镀敷的金属结构体,例如镀敷有镀敷金属或合金的钢结构体,例如镀敷有黄铜的钢结构体。
金属结构体可以是丝线,或可以包括形成为缆绳的多根丝线。优选地,增强件包括多根丝线,它们中的每一根都具有结合至其上的硅凝胶层,并且形成为缆绳,例如通过将丝编成辫子或卷绕而成缆绳结构。
与金属结构体结合的硅凝胶可以是多孔硅凝胶,例如纳米多孔硅凝胶。关于“纳米多孔硅凝胶”,其是指具有0.1至50nm,优选1至30nm的平均孔径的硅凝胶。典型地,第一层的二氧化硅的孔体积将为0.1至0.8,优选0.2至0.6cm3/g。孔体积通过汞孔隙度测定法适当地测量,并且孔径可以由孔体积与例如通过使用氮吸附的BET方法测量的表面积的组合而获得。
在不希望受到理论束缚的情况下,据认为由于在增强结构体周围形成橡胶制品,橡胶混合物可能能够流入到第一层的孔空隙中,从而产生将增强橡胶和第一层之间的任何化学结合的机械结合。
适当地,作为硅凝胶的第一层具有20至300nm,优选30至200nm,更优选50至150nm的厚度。
硅凝胶层应当是凝聚性的(coherent),相对软并且具有挠性,从而在通过将橡胶混合物结合到增强件而形成橡胶制品时足以承受处理和加工。
关于“硅凝胶”,其是指在其结构中主要包含二氧化硅的化合物,尽管在硅凝胶中可以存在其他元素的氧化物,例如氧化铝,氧化锆或氧化钛,条件是这些没有损害硅凝胶层的结构完整性。适当地,硅凝胶包含按凝胶中总的元素氧化物的重量百分数计的至少50重量%,优选至少70%,更优选至少90%的二氧化硅。
适当地,增强件还可以包含在第一层上的第二层,所述第二层包含有机硅烷结合剂或基本上由有机硅烷结合剂组成。有机硅烷可以适当地选自由下列各项组成的组中:氨基硅烷,含全氟烷基的三氯硅烷,含全氟烷基的三烷氧基硅烷,含全氟烷基的三酰氧基硅烷,含全氟烷基的三异氰酸酯硅烷,含烷基的氯硅烷,含烷基的烷氧基硅烷,含烷基的异氰酸酯硅烷及其混合物。
更具体地,将某些有机硅烷偶联剂或结合剂用于将聚合物材料(包括橡胶混合物)与二氧化硅结合。这样的结合剂或偶联剂在橡胶工业中是熟知的,并且包括氨基硅烷,乙烯基硅烷,丙烯酰基硅烷,环氧硅烷,氯硅烷,和含硫硅烷如巯基硅烷。实例包括:氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,N-苯基-r-氨基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氯丙基-三甲氧基硅烷,巯基烷基三烷氧基硅烷和双[3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基]四硫化物。还可以使用这些有机硅烷结合剂的混合物。
优选的偶联剂或结合剂是氨基硅烷,其适当地可以是N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷。硅烷可以是被取代的。例如,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷可以选自由下列各项组成的组中:N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基二甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其混合物。
本发明的第二方面提供一种制备用于橡胶制品的增强件的方法,所述方法包括:
i)在金属结构上沉积硅溶胶层,
ii)在所述金属结构上,由所述硅溶胶层形成硅凝胶层,从而形成所述增强件。
典型地,步骤(ii)包括干燥所述硅溶胶层以形成硅凝胶层。这种用于形成多孔的,特别是纳米多孔二氧化硅层的方法被称为溶胶-凝胶法。
美国专利6,465,108公开了一种经由这种溶胶-凝胶法制备涂布有二氧化硅系涂料或层的制品的制备方法。通过在该出版物中详述的方法形成的二氧化硅层特别适于本发明,原因在于,可以在不需要导致生产成本和时间增加的另外步骤如烘焙或固化的情况下在短的时间内涂敷并形成该硅凝胶膜。在该方法中,可以通过下列方法在基底的表面上涂布硅溶胶:在基底上涂布包含硅醇盐和挥发性酸的醇溶液。可以使用胶体二氧化硅或使用硅醇盐和/或胶体二氧化硅作为二氧化硅的来源。
因此,优选地,硅溶胶包含硅醇盐和/或胶体二氧化硅,并且可以包含酸或碱。优选地,溶胶包含0.1至20%的源自硅醇盐和/或胶体二氧化硅的二氧化硅。可以使用酸或碱将溶胶的pH调节到适当的范围。该酸或碱可以起到催化剂的作用。
溶胶的剩余部分可以适当地是包含醇、酮等的有机溶剂溶液,例如在溶剂溶液中包含不超过80%的水。醇的水溶液如乙醇/水是特别合适的。
溶胶膜通过干燥而转化为凝胶,这典型可以从环境温度,例如25℃至200℃发生。如果必要,可以在干燥以后将硅凝胶涂布的材料进一步在200至600℃加热以消除有机材料。对在该方法中使用的硅醇盐没有特别限制,并且合适的硅醇盐的实例包括四甲氧基硅烷,四乙氧基硅烷,四丙氧基硅烷,四丁氧基硅烷等。其它合适的硅醇盐包括:甲基三甲氧基硅烷,二甲基二甲氧基硅烷,三甲基甲氧基硅烷,甲基三乙氧基硅烷,二甲基二乙氧基硅烷,三甲基乙氧基硅烷,乙基三乙氧基硅烷,二乙基二乙氧基硅烷,和三乙基乙氧基硅烷。
作为在以上提及的涂布液中使用的酸催化剂,优选使用盐酸,氢氟酸,硝酸,乙酸,甲酸,三氟乙酸等。可以使用混合物。
关于在以上提及的涂布液中使用的碱,氨和/或碱金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂等是合适的。可以使用混合物。
对在溶胶中使用的有机溶剂没有特别限制。合适的醇包括甲醇,乙醇,丙-1-醇,丙-2-醇,丁醇,戊醇等。在它们中,具有3个以下碳原子的直链饱和一元醇如甲醇,乙醇,丙-1-醇,丙-2-醇等是优选的,因为它们在环境温度的蒸发速率高。
具有高致密性并且具有5至300nm厚度的主要由二氧化硅构成的膜可以仅通过下列方法而形成:在环境温度(即20至40℃,例如25℃)或不超过200℃进行干燥。
当在高温加热硅凝胶层膜时,任何残留的烷氧基可能被损失和被羟基所替代。因此,优选地,硅凝胶层在结合到待增强的橡胶制品中之前,不被加热到超过200℃的温度。
在以凝胶中的元素氧化物的总重量百分数计的情况下,除硅以外的元素如铝,锆,钛,铯等的氧化物可以以不超过50重量%,例如不超过30重量%或不超过20重量%存在于硅凝胶中。可以将这样的另外的氧化物以醇盐,胶体的形式或作为金属盐结合到硅溶胶中。
典型地,将溶胶涂敷到处于环境温度和压力的金属结构的表面上,并且自然干燥或在常压或不超过200℃的温度强制干燥。归因于金属表面的亲水属性,溶胶通常将润湿金属结构体的表面,从而形成膜。
对用于涂敷溶胶的方法没有特别限制,并且其实例包括浸涂,流涂,旋涂,棒涂,辊涂,喷涂,手工涂敷例如刷涂等。当金属结构体是丝线或缆绳时,优选浸涂。可以调节溶胶的粘度以对所选择的涂布方法提供适当的粘度,使得所涂敷的溶胶层在干燥成凝胶时具有第一层所要求的层厚度。典型地,胶乳的含水量为20至90重量%,但是如果需要特定的涂布方法则可以更高。
本发明的第二方面的方法可以包括在第一硅凝胶层上涂敷第二层的另外步骤(iii),所述第二层包含有机硅烷结合剂或基本上由有机硅烷结合剂组成。有机硅烷结合剂适当地选自之前关于本发明的第一方面所提及的有机硅烷结合剂或偶联剂,以及它们的混合物。
在不受任何理论束缚的情况下,据认为有机硅烷可以帮助将硅凝胶层结合到待增强的橡胶制品的橡胶混合物。
可以适当地将用于第二层的有机硅烷结合剂溶解到具有酸催化剂的醇溶剂中,并且将得到的溶液涂敷到第一硅凝胶层上。然后可以在底漆膜的表面上的烷氧基和有机硅烷结合剂的硅烷醇基之间发生脱醇化反应,从而导致在不需要任何热处理的情况下将第一层经由硅氧烷键与有机硅烷结合剂结合。当有机硅烷结合剂的可水解官能团具有高反应性时,例如当有机硅烷结合剂具有氯基团,异氰酸酯基,酰氧基等时,通过该基团与第一硅凝胶层的表面上的具有烷氧基的硅烷醇的反应而形成底漆膜与有机硅烷结合剂之间的结合。在此情况下,可以将有机硅烷结合剂在不经稀释或作为将有机硅烷结合剂用非水性溶剂如全氟化碳,二氯甲烷,烃,硅氧烷等稀释而制备的溶液的情况下涂敷。对用于涂敷有机硅烷结合剂的第二层的方法没有特别限制。当金属结构体是丝线或缆绳时,优选浸涂。
优选地,金属结构体是钢结构体,但是可以是镀敷的金属结构体,如镀敷有镀敷金属或合金的钢结构体。优选地,金属结构体是丝线,在此情况下该方法可以包括下列另外步骤:将具有第一硅凝胶层和任选的第二有机硅烷结合剂层的多根丝线形成缆绳。
本发明的第三方面提供一种用于形成橡胶制品的方法,所述方法包括:将根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的增强件模制或共挤到橡胶混合物中,或将通过根据权利要求12至19中任一项所述的方法制备的增强件模制或共挤到橡胶混合物中。
适当地,橡胶混合物,其可以是选自EPDM,BIIR,CR,CSM,HNBR,NBR,SBR,NR和BR橡胶及其混合物的橡胶混合物,还可以包含有机硅烷结合剂,其优选均匀混合到橡胶混合物中。适当地,该有机硅烷结合剂与之前描述的适用于本发明的第二层的有机硅烷结合剂相同。
典型地,该有机硅烷结合剂选自由下列各项组成的组中:含全氟烷基的三氯硅烷,含全氟烷基的三烷氧基硅烷,含全氟烷基的三酰氧基硅烷,含全氟烷基的三异氰酸酯硅烷,含烷基的氯硅烷,含烷基的烷氧基硅烷,含烷基的异氰酸酯硅烷和它们的混合物。其它的合适的结合剂或偶联剂在橡胶工业中是熟知的,并且包括氨基硅烷,乙烯基硅烷,丙烯酰基硅烷,环氧硅烷,氯硅烷,和含硫硅烷如巯基硅烷。实例包括:氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,N-苯基-r-氨基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,3-环氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,氯丙基-三甲氧基硅烷,巯基烷基三烷氧基硅烷和双[3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基]四硫化物。还可以使用这些有机硅烷结合剂的混合物。
优选的偶联剂或结合剂是氨基硅烷,其适当地可以是N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷。硅烷可以是被取代的。例如,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷可以选自由下列各项组成的组中:N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基二甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其混合物。
有机硅烷结合剂适当地典型以1phr至15phr存在(即,相对于每100份的橡胶的份数)。有机硅烷可以起到增强橡胶混合物和增强件之间的结合的结合剂的作用,而不论是否该增强件包括第二有机硅烷结合剂层。
适当地,将该方法用于制备作为轮胎的橡胶制品。
本发明的第四方面提供一种橡胶制品,优选轮胎,所述橡胶制品包括与橡胶混合物结合的根据本发明的第一方面的增强件,或与橡胶混合物结合的通过本发明的第二方面制备的增强件。关于本发明的第三方面,橡胶混合物可以包含有机结合剂作为组分,其优选为1phr至15phr,优选均匀分散在整个橡胶混合物中,以帮助将橡胶混合物与增强件结合,而不论是否增强件包括第二有机硅烷结合剂层。
现在将参考下列实施例更详细地描述本发明的具体实施方案。
实施例
使用丙酮清洗过的长度为60mm并且直径为1.5mm的钢丝被用作在实施例中涂敷涂层的基底。
实施例1
将50重量份四甲氧基硅烷,300重量份丙-2-醇,2.5重量份1N-硝酸和30重量份纯净水共混并且在50℃搅拌2小时,随后将溶液在30℃固化1天以得到硅溶胶溶液。
将清洁过的钢丝以30cm/min的速度通过该硅溶胶溶液,以在钢丝的表面上提供硅溶胶的涂层。然后将经涂布的钢丝在100℃干燥5分钟,随后在500℃加热处理3小时。这产生由约250nm的涂层厚度的硅凝胶涂布的钢丝。
实施例2
将5重量份丁醇锆加入到1重量份的乙酰乙酸乙酯中并且在30℃搅拌2小时(溶液A)。同时,将50重量份四乙氧基硅烷,1000重量份丙-2-醇,2.5重量份1N-硝酸和50重量份纯净水共混,并且在30℃搅拌2小时(溶液B)。然后,将溶液A和溶液B共混并且在50℃搅拌3小时,随后在30℃固化1天,得到溶胶溶液。
将清洁过的钢丝以10cm/min的速度通过该硅溶胶溶液,以在钢丝的表面上产生硅溶胶的涂层。然后将经涂布的钢丝在环境温度(25℃)干燥10分钟,随后在500℃加热处理3小时。这产生由约30nm的涂层厚度的二氧化-氧化锆凝胶涂布的钢丝。
实施例3
将25重量份四乙氧基硅烷加入到380重量份丙-2-醇和1.6重量份1N硝酸中,并且在50℃搅拌3小时,然后在30℃搅拌另外24小时。
将23重量份的胶体氧化钛溶液加入到具有1重量份三甲基甲氧基硅烷的以上溶液中并且在30℃搅拌5小时,所述胶体氧化钛溶液的内容物是30重量%的直径为30-60nm的氧化钛和70重量%的水。随后向10重量份的该溶液中加入57.2重量份乙醇以产生固体浓度为0.5重量%的溶胶。
将清洁过的钢丝垂直安装在处于20℃和30%RH的空气气氛中,并且通过下列方法用溶胶溶液进行涂布:从钢丝的顶部倾倒溶胶溶液(流涂方法)。然后将进行了溶胶涂布的钢丝在150℃干燥30分钟,随后在500℃进行热处理3小时。这产生被厚度为约100nm的二氧化硅-氧化钛凝胶涂层涂布的钢丝。
实施例4
将31重量份四乙氧基硅烷与380重量份丙-2-醇,1.6重量份1N硝酸和6.5重量份纯净水合并,并且在50℃搅拌5小时,然后在30℃搅拌24小时。
将30重量份胶体硅溶胶加入到以上溶液中并且在30℃搅拌5小时,所述胶体硅溶胶的内容物为20重量%的直径为50nm的二氧化硅和80重量%的水。随后向10重量份的该溶液中加入6.6重量份乙醇以得到固体浓度为2重量%的溶胶。
将溶胶溶液通过辊涂布机涂布到清洁的钢丝上。将经涂布的钢丝随后在120℃干燥20分钟,随后在600℃热处理1小时。这产生被硅凝胶涂布的钢丝,涂层的厚度为约80nm。
实施例5
将5重量份丁醇锆加入到1重量份乙酰乙酸乙酯中并且在30℃搅拌2小时(溶液C)。同时,将16重量份四乙氧基硅烷,170重量份丙-2-醇,0.8重量份1N硝酸和3.5重量份纯净水共混并且在30℃搅拌2小时(溶液D)。然后,将溶液C和D与15重量份二氧化硅胶体溶胶共混,并且在50℃搅拌3小时,然后在30℃搅拌24小时,所述二氧化硅胶体溶胶的内容物为15重量%的直径为10-20nm并且长度为40-300nm的纺锤型二氧化硅和85重量%的水。随后,将136重量份乙醇加入到11重量份的该溶液中,以得到固体浓度为0.3重量%的氧化锆-二氧化硅溶胶。
将清洁过的钢丝垂直安装在20℃和30%RH的空气气氛中,并且通过下列方法用溶胶溶液进行涂布:从钢丝的顶部倾倒溶胶溶液(流涂方法)。然后将具有其溶胶涂层的钢丝在120℃干燥1分钟,随后在500℃热处理1小时。这产生涂布有厚度为约50nm的氧化锆-硅凝胶层的钢丝。
实施例6
将钢丝(英国标准BS 1429:1980)浸渍到丙酮中30分钟,然后浸渍到通过下列方法制备的溶液中:将磷酸用乙醇稀释,使得磷酸浓度为1重量%。通过流涂方法将通过下列方法制备的硅溶胶涂敷到钢丝上:用异丙醇稀释HPC7003(由JSR Corporation生产),使得HPC7003的浓度为5重量%。然后将由此涂布的钢丝在200℃干燥20分钟。结果,得到涂布有硅凝胶层的钢丝。
接着,通过用异丙醇稀释KBM-603KBM-603(N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,由Shin-Etsu Chemical Co.Ltd.生产),一种氨基硅烷偶联剂,使得KBM-603浓度为50重量%而制备溶液。将得到的溶液通过流涂涂敷到具有其硅凝胶涂层的钢丝上。然后将由此涂布的钢丝在150℃干燥30分钟。结果,得到涂布有硅凝胶层并且进一步涂布有氨基硅烷偶联剂层的钢丝。
评价在此钢丝与具有表1中所示组成的橡胶基体之间的粘合。将经历了以上处理的钢丝包埋在橡胶基体中,随后在160℃加热25分钟,以将经涂布的钢丝和橡胶基体结合在一起。因而,得到测试样品。使用拉伸试验机将该样品进行拉伸试验以测量钢丝和橡胶之间的拔出强度(粘合强度)。另外,视觉观察样品的破裂表面,以确定样品是处于其中橡胶留在钢丝上的“橡胶破裂”状态,还是其中没有橡胶留在钢丝上的“界面分离”状态。
作为比较,以相同方式制备黄铜丝样品和未处理的钢丝样品以测量它们的拔出强度(粘合强度)。也观察它们的破裂表面。为了试验目的,将黄铜丝用作商业上使用的黄铜镀敷的钢丝的代表。
表1
测量结果
发现实施例6的钢丝具有强的对橡胶的粘合,并且其对橡胶的粘合强度是黄铜丝的1.4倍。此黄铜丝对橡胶的粘合强度应当对应于常规使用的黄铜镀敷的钢丝对橡胶的粘合强度,因为与黄铜镀敷的钢丝相同,该黄铜丝的表面是黄铜。因此,据认为与使用黄铜丝,即,常规使用的黄铜镀敷的钢丝或未处理的钢丝相比,使用实施例6的钢丝增加了对橡胶的粘合强度。
应当理解,在不背离如在后附权利要求书中限定的本发明的范围的情况下,可以对上述实施方案进行众多更改。
应当认为所描述和示例的实施方案在性质上是示例性的而不是限制性的,应当理解,仅显示和描述了优选的实施方案,并且期望保护落入到如在权利要求书中限定的本发明的范围之内的所有变化和更改。应当理解,尽管说明书中词语例如“优选的”,“优选地”,“优选”或“更优选”的使用表明所描述的特征可能是适宜的,但是其仍然不是必需的并且可以认为缺乏这样的特征的实施方案也在如后附权利要求书中所限定的本发明的范围之内。关于权利要求,期望的是,当使用词语例如“一个(a)”,“一个(an)”,“至少一个”或“至少一部分”开始描述特征时,不意在将该权利要求限制到仅一个这样的特征,除非在权利要求中相反地具体指出。当使用语言“至少一部分”和/或“一部分”时,该项目可以包括一部分和/或整个项目,除非相反地具体指出。
Claims (27)
1.一种用于橡胶制品的增强件,所述增强件包括具有结合至其上的第一硅凝胶层的金属结构体,其中所述金属结构体是镀敷有镀敷金属或合金的钢结构体,或是丝线。
2.根据权利要求1所述的增强件,其中所述增强件包括多根形成为缆绳的丝线。
3.根据权利要求2所述的增强件,其中所述增强件包括多根丝线,每一根丝线均具有结合至其上的硅凝胶层,并且形成为缆绳。
4.根据权利要求1所述的增强件,其中所述硅凝胶是多孔硅凝胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的增强件,其中所述硅凝胶是纳米多孔硅凝胶。
6.根据权利要求1所述的增强件,其中所述第一硅凝胶层具有50至200nm的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的增强件,所述增强件还包括在所述第一硅凝胶层上的第二层,所述第二层包含有机硅烷结合剂或基本上由有机硅烷结合剂组成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的增强件,其中所述有机硅烷结合剂选自由下列各项组成的组中:氨基硅烷,乙烯基硅烷,丙烯酰基硅烷,环氧硅烷,氯硅烷,巯基硅烷及其混合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的增强件,其中所述氨基硅烷为N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷。
10.根据权利要求9所述的增强件,其中所述N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷选自由下列各项组成的组中:N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基二甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其混合物。
11.一种制备用于橡胶制品的增强件的方法,所述方法包括:
i)在金属结构体上沉积硅溶胶层,以及
ii)在所述金属结构体上由所述硅溶胶层形成第一硅凝胶层,
其中所述金属结构体是镀敷有镀敷金属或合金的钢结构体,或是丝线。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中步骤(ii)包括干燥所述硅溶胶层以形成硅凝胶层。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述硅溶胶包含含有硅醇盐和挥发性酸的醇溶液。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述硅醇盐为四烷氧基硅烷。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,所述方法包括:在第一硅凝胶层上涂敷第二层的另外步骤(iii),所述第二层包含有机硅烷结合剂或基本上由有机硅烷结合剂组成。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述有机硅烷结合剂选自由下列各项组成的组中:氨基硅烷,乙烯基硅烷,丙烯酰基硅烷,环氧硅烷,氯硅烷,巯基硅烷及其混合物。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述氨基硅烷为N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷选自由下列各项组成的组中:N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基二甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其混合物。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述方法包括将多根根据权利要求11制备的丝线形成为缆绳的另外步骤。
20.一种用于形成橡胶制品的方法,所述方法包括:将根据权利要求1的增强件或通过根据权利要求11所述的方法制备的增强件模制或共挤出在橡胶混合物中。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述橡胶混合物包含有机硅烷结合剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述有机硅烷结合剂选自由下列各项组成的组中:氨基硅烷,乙烯基硅烷,丙烯酰基硅烷,环氧硅烷,氯硅烷,巯基硅烷及其混合物。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其中所述氨基硅烷为N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基硅烷选自由下列各项组成的组中:N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基二甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷,N-2(氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷及其混合物。
25.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述橡胶制品为轮胎。
26.一种橡胶制品,所述橡胶制品包含结合在橡胶混合物中的根据权利要求1所述的增强件或通过根据权利要求11所述的方法制备的增强件。
27.根据权利要求26所述的橡胶制品,所述橡胶制品为轮胎。
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US10005935B2 (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2018-06-26 | Lord Corporation | Adhesive for rubber bonding |
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FR3056444A1 (fr) | 2016-09-27 | 2018-03-30 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Roue elastique non pneumatique incorporant un stratifie a base de caoutchouc silicone et de composite fibre-resine |
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