CN102478101B - 机动车的档位改变设备 - Google Patents

机动车的档位改变设备 Download PDF

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CN102478101B
CN102478101B CN201110181551.9A CN201110181551A CN102478101B CN 102478101 B CN102478101 B CN 102478101B CN 201110181551 A CN201110181551 A CN 201110181551A CN 102478101 B CN102478101 B CN 102478101B
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gear
countershaft
reverse
main shaft
change device
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CN102478101A (zh
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G.普雷格诺拉托
A.皮亚扎
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Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/48—Signals to a parking brake or parking lock; Control of parking locks or brakes being part of the transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0931—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts each countershaft having an output gear meshing with a single common gear on the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0047—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising five forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0052—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising six forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0056—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising seven forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023—Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • Y10T74/19051—Single driven plural drives
    • Y10T74/19065—Aligned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19228—Multiple concentric clutch shafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19233—Plurality of counter shafts

Abstract

一种机动车的档位改变设备，包括：彼此同轴的第一主轴和第二主轴(1A,1B)，它们通过双离合器接合设备可选择性连接到机动车的驱动轴；和第一副轴和第二副轴(2A,2B)，它们的轴线平行所述主轴的公共轴线且与所述主轴的公共轴线间隔开，并且具有各自的输出齿轮(u)，所述输出齿轮用于与差速器的齿轮啮合。驻车齿轮(P)刚性地安装到所述第一副轴(2A)上，从而与锁定设备(B)协作将档位改变设备锁定在驻车状态。所述驻车齿轮P安装在滚柱轴承(3’)附近，该滚柱轴承在壳(4)内可旋转地支撑所述第一副轴(2A)且轴向位于所述驻车齿轮(P)与所述第一倒车齿轮(R1)之间。

Description

机动车的档位改变设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车的档位改变设备。
背景技术
这种类型的档位改变设备包括：
-彼此同轴的第一主轴和第二主轴，第一主轴和第二主轴能通过双离合器接合设备选择性连接到机动车的驱动轴，
-第一副轴和第二副轴，它们的轴线平行所述主轴的公共轴线且与所述主轴的公共轴线间隔开，并且具有各自的输出齿轮，所述输出齿轮用于与差速器的齿轮啮合，
-多对齿轮，与多个前进传动比和至少一个倒车传动比相应，其中，每对的齿轮是与主轴之一或副轴之一刚性连接而随其旋转的一个齿轮，而另一个是相应地在副轴之一或主轴之一上可自由旋转的齿轮，
-多个档位选择器设备，用于将所述可自由旋转的齿轮中的每一个与其所安装到的轴可旋转地连接，
-其中，通过下面定义倒车传动比：
-第一倒车齿轮，安装成在第一副轴上可自由旋转，并且通过所述选择器设备之一能与所述第一副轴连接成随之旋转，从而实现了选择该倒车档位，
-第二倒车齿轮，其用作使运动反向的中间齿轮，所述第二倒车齿轮与所述第一倒车齿轮啮合并且安装成在第二副轴上可自由旋转，所述第二倒车齿轮与一前进齿轮永久连接并随之旋转，所述前进齿轮安装成在上述第二副轴上自由旋转并与可旋转地刚性连接在所述主轴之一上的齿轮啮合，
-其中，驻车齿轮操作地连接到所述第一副轴，从而与锁定设备协作以将档位改变设备锁定在驻车状态。
在DE 10 2004 056 936和相应的US 7,690,278 B2以及WO 2006/0563252中描述了上述类型的档位改变设备。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种上述类型的档位改变设备，其从结构观点上看是简单实用的。具体地，本发明的目的在于提供一种上述类型的档位改变设备，其可以被设计为具有根据可用空间定位其各个不同部件的更大选择灵活性。
为了实现这样的目标，本发明提供了具有上述所有特征的档位改变设备，并且进一步该档位改变设备的特征在于：所述驻车齿轮安装在一滚柱轴承附近，该滚柱轴承可旋转地支撑所述第一副轴且轴向地位于所述驻车齿轮与所述第一倒车齿轮之间。
附图说明
现将参照附图描述本发明，仅通过示例方式提供，其中：
图1是根据本发明的档位改变设备的第一实施例的示图；以及
图2和图3是根据本发明的档位改变设备的两个其他实施例的示图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，使用数字1整体指示的机动车的档位改变设备包括彼此同轴的第一主轴1A和第二主轴1B，它们的右端（参照附图）通过任何已知类型的双离合器接合设备（未示出）能选择性连接到机动车的驱动轴。
使用标号2A, 2B整体指示第一副轴和第二副轴，它们的轴线平行所述两个主轴1A和1B的公共轴线且与两个主轴1A, 1B的公共轴线间隔开。
为了更简明，附图示出轴1A, 1B, 2A, 2B，好像它们的这三个轴线被布置在相同平面内，而这些轴线实际不共面，而是被排列形成三角形。
所有上述轴通过变速箱的壳4内的滚柱轴承3可旋转地支撑。
两个副轴2A, 2B在其右端（参照附图）具有输出齿轮u，所述输出齿轮用于都安装已知方式与差速器的齿轮（未示出）啮合。
示出的档位改变设备具有多对齿轮，与多个前进传动比和一个倒车传动比相应，其中，每对的齿轮是与主轴之一或副轴之一刚性连接以随之旋转的一个齿轮，而另一个齿轮在这两种情况下分别在副轴之一或主轴之一上可自由旋转。此外，再根据现有技术，所述设备包括多个档位选择器设备，其适合于将所述可自由旋转的齿轮中的每一个与其所安装到的轴可旋转地连接。
在图1所示的特定情况下，标号I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, R1分别指示可自由旋转地安装在第一或第二副轴2A, 2B上且可与相应的副轴连接以分别选择第一、第二、第三、第四、第五、第六、第七档位和倒车档位的齿轮。
齿轮I与齿轮10啮合，齿轮10刚性且永久地与第一主轴1A连接成随之旋转，即，在内部主轴上，在其延伸超过第二主轴1B的端部的一个端部上。
第二档位的齿轮II与刚性连接到主轴1B的齿轮20啮合。
第三档位的齿轮III与刚性连接到主轴1A的齿轮30啮合。
第四档位的齿轮IV和第六档位的齿轮VI都与刚性连接到主轴1B的相同齿轮46啮合。
第五档位的齿轮V和第七档位的齿轮VII都与刚性连接到主轴1A的相同齿轮57啮合。
用标号S1/7, S2/6, S3/5, S4/R指示用于旋转连接齿轮I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, R1中的每一个的选择器设备，这些选择器设备中的每一个可沿相反方向被致动，以用于选择不同的档位（标号S之后的数字指示可选择的档位）。
通过一对齿轮20,II限定第二前向档位，一对齿轮20,II中的第一个与最外主轴1B永久连接成随之旋转，另一个安装成在第二副轴2B上可自由旋转并且通过附图中用标号S2/6指示的（指示这种设备在一个方向选择第二档位而在另一方向选择第六档位）示意性示出的接合设备可与该第二副轴可旋转地连接。
通过第一倒车齿轮R1和第二倒车齿轮R2限定倒车传动比，第一倒车齿轮R1安装成在第一副轴2A上可自由旋转，且通过选择器设备S4/R可旋转地连接到该第一副轴，第二倒车齿轮R2用作使运动反向的中间齿轮并且与所述第一倒车齿轮R1啮合（由于副轴的两个轴线与主轴的公共轴线不包含在相同平面内，因此由附图中的虚线示意性示出的这种啮合是可行的）。第二倒车齿轮R2与第二档位的齿轮II永久连接以随之旋转，且其可安装成在第二副轴2B上自由旋转。
在上述布置的情况下，通过激活选择器设备S4/R并保持选择器设备S2/6禁用来获得倒车档位的接合，从而使第二倒车齿轮R2在第二副轴2B上可自由旋转。在这种情况下，来自最外主轴1B的运动传递到齿轮II并接着从其传递到齿轮R2，到齿轮R1和到第一副轴2A。
在图1和图2所示的所有方案中，与可以是任何已知类型（在附图中仅示意性地示出）的用于将档位改变设备锁定在驻车状态的驻车设备B协作的驻车齿轮P刚性安装到第一副轴2A上。
根据本发明，所述驻车齿轮P安装在滚柱轴承(3’)附近，该滚柱轴承在壳4内可旋转地支撑所述第一副轴(2A)，且轴向位于所述驻车齿轮(P)与所述第一倒车齿轮(R1)之间。这种特征呈现于附图1-4中所示的所有方案中。
由于上述特征，根据本发明的档位改变设备，除了保持了上述设备所有特征优点之外，对设计者的益处在于：当根据可用空间在变速箱内布置各个不同元件，并且尤其是与用于驻车的锁定设备相关的元件时，本发明的档位改变设备允许更大的选择范围。
图2和图3所示的方案不同于图1的方法，仅在于其仅用于6个档位（图2）或仅用于5个档位（图3）。在这些附图中，使用相同的标号指示相同部件。图2的6档位变速箱与图1的7档位变速箱不同之处仅在于取消了作为第七档位的齿轮VII，因此档位选择器S1仅在一个方向操作，以选择第一档位。图3的5档位变速箱与图2的6档位变速箱不同之处仅在于取消了第六档位的齿轮VI，因此，档位选择器S2仅在一个方向操作，以选择第二档位。
明显地，在不损害本发明的原理的情况下，在不脱离本发明的保护范围的情况下，对于上述仅通过示例方式的描述和示出，结构细节和实施例可以广泛地变化。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于机动车的档位改变设备，包括：
-彼此同轴的第一主轴和第二主轴(1A, 1B)，它们通过双离合器接合设备可选择性连接到机动车的驱动轴，
-第一副轴和第二副轴(2A, 2B)，它们的轴线平行所述主轴的公共轴线且与所述主轴的公共轴线间隔开，并且具有各自的输出齿轮(u)，所述输出齿轮用于与差速器的齿轮啮合，
-多对齿轮(10,I; 20,II, 30,III; 46,IV; 57,V; 46,VI; 57,VII)，与多个前进传动比和至少一个倒车传动比相应，其中，每对的齿轮是与主轴(1A,1B)之一或副轴之一刚性连接以随之旋转的一个齿轮，而另一个齿轮相应地在副轴(2A, 2B)之一或主轴之一上可自由旋转，
-多个档位选择器设备(S1/7, S2/6, S3/4, S4/R)，用于将所述可自由旋转的齿轮(I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, R1)中的每一个与其所安装到的轴(2A, 2B)可旋转地连接，
-其中，通过下面定义倒车传动比：
-第一倒车齿轮(R1)，其安装成在第一副轴(2A)上可自由旋转并且通过所述选择器设备之一(S4/R)与该第一副轴连接以随之旋转，从而实现选择该倒车档位，
-第二倒车齿轮(R2)，其用作使运动反向的中间齿轮，第二倒车齿轮与所述第一倒车齿轮(R1)啮合且安装成在第二副轴(2B)上可自由旋转，所述第二倒车齿轮(R2)与一前进齿轮(II)永久连接以随之旋转，所述前进齿轮安装成在上述第二副轴(2B)上可自由旋转并且与可旋转地刚性连接到所述主轴之一(1B)上的齿轮(20)啮合，
-其中，驻车齿轮(P) 刚性地安装到所述第一副轴(2A)上，从而与锁定设备(B)协作将档位改变设备锁定在驻车状态，
其特征在于，所述驻车齿轮（P）安装在滚柱轴承(3’)附近，该滚柱轴承在壳(4)内可旋转地支撑所述第一副轴(2A)且轴向位于所述驻车齿轮(P)与所述第一倒车齿轮(R1)之间，以及
其中输出齿轮（u）安装到所述第一副轴(2A)上且相对于所述滚柱轴承(3’)位于与所述驻车齿轮(P)相同的一侧。
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