CN102470226A - 吸入器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种吸入器,该吸入器包括用于可吸入组分的储存器(5)以及位于一端(8)处的出口(11),所述可吸入组分通过该出口被排出。在所述一端(8)和所述储存器(5)之间设置有非计定呼吸触发阀(7),所述呼吸触发阀(7)包括从所述储存器(5)延伸到所述出口端(8)的流路(13)。所述流路的至少一部分是可变形管(14)。当无吸力被施加到所述装置时,夹紧构件(21)挤压所述可变形管(14)以使其关闭;并且当吸力被施加在所述出口(11)时,所述夹紧构件释放所述管(14)以打开所述流路,从而提供从所述储存器(5)到所述出口(11)的无间断流动。
Description
本发明涉及一种吸入器。
本发明被特别地设计为用于具有大体上香烟状主体的模拟香烟装置。然而,本发明涉及对于这样的装置的出口阀的改进,该装置在吸入器领域内具有更广泛的应用,例如,用于口服药输送的医疗吸入器,诸如哮喘吸入器。
在香烟替代品的领域中,已具有许多提议来产生模拟香烟。这种装置与诸如片体和口香糖之类的传统的尼古丁替代疗法相比具有许多优点,因为这种装置再现了对于吸烟者的心理而言重要的吸烟的物理动作,并且还能够输送一定剂量的尼古丁,所述尼古丁更加接近地复现顽固吸烟者期望的香烟的药物动力学效果。因此,吸烟者能够获得来自于香烟的熟知的“感觉(hit)”,而不是必须接受从片体和口香糖的缓慢释放,该缓慢释放不产生这样的感觉,因而导致不可预知的剂量和较差的除烟瘾结果和戒烟率。
模拟香烟包括用于吸入组合物的储存器和出口阀,所述出口阀例如能够通过按压位于香烟一端上的按钮或咬合件而被触发。然而,用于打开阀的优选机构是提供呼吸触发阀,因为该呼吸触发阀确保仅在使用者在以常规香烟的形式的装置上吮吸时该香烟才进行分配。
WO 02/45783公开了一种具有阀装置的药分配器,所述阀装置适于分配计定剂量。该药分配器呈挠性管的形式,该挠性管围绕阀元件卷绕并且具有一对扭结部(kink)。管在该扭结部之间的部分能够保持待分配的药的计定剂量。当使用者在分配器上吮吸时,阀元件移动而打开下游扭结部,以分配计定剂量。在呼气时,阀沿相反方向移动,从而关闭下游扭结部并打开上游扭结部,以允许管在扭结之间的部分再填充药。该布置不管使用者在装置上吮吸多长时间都仅允许使用者吸入一种计定剂量。
US 4,393,884公开了一种这样的装置,该装置具有大的弹性“舌”,流路流经该弹性舌。该舌被偏压至第一位置,在该第一位置中,该舌与香烟的出口错位;并且该舌能够被吸入到第二位置中,在该第二位置中,该舌与香烟的出口对准而提供从储存器到出口的流路。这样的装置在第一位置难以密封。还需要相当大的力以克服保持弹簧的作用以将舌吸到打开位置,并且舌的较大质量意味着其难以返回到关闭位置,从而意味着在吮吸结束后分配继续进行。
US 6,889,687公开了一种具有呼吸触发阀的模拟香烟的另一实施例。其公开了大量示例。其中一个示例具有一对磁体,其中一个磁体由柔性膜保持,在向装置施加吸力时,该柔性膜允许磁体移离。这打开了来自储存器的流路。然而,该机构相当复杂,并且具有很可能妨碍来自储存器的组分的输送的迂回流路,并且由于阀要么被打开要么被关闭,因此该机构是“二态”性质的。该机构不具备使用者通过改变吸力程度而调节流量的能力。第二示例是弹性偏压插塞,该插塞轴向移动以打开中心杆中的通路。这种轴向可动插塞在实践中是不期望的,因为已发现克服弹性偏压力所需要的吸力水平太高而不能用于实践中。而且,处于打开位置的流路位于杆外,进入插塞然后回到杆中,使得该流路略微迂回。第三示例依赖于磁性界面,其中,磁性界面上的力由绕装置的轴线旋转的叶片系统克服,由此沿凸轮面移动以将磁性阀元件拉离其阀座。同样,这存在复杂、缺乏控制和迂回流路的问题。
WO 2009/001082是申请人自己早前的申请,其公开了两个不同的呼吸触发装置。这两个呼吸触发装置中的第一个装置具有一对叶片系统,该对叶片系统可绕与装置的主轴线垂直的轴线旋转,以使孔与来自储存器的出口孔对准,从而能够进行分配。这两个呼吸触发装置中的第二个装置具有一对铰接翼,该对铰接翼克服复位弹簧的作用而被向下吸,以打开流路。尽管该申请因其提供了简单的机构和轴向流路而解决了一些问题,但因抽吸以激发装置所需要的力相当大,结果使用者能够在系统上施加更少的控制以释放可变的剂量,该剂量取决于吸入量而可以是小的或者是大的。
本发明旨在提供一种用于吸入器(并且具体地,模拟香烟)的改进的呼吸触发阀。
根据本发明,提供了一种吸入器,该吸入器包括:
用于可吸入组分的储存器;
位于一端处的出口,所述可吸入组分通过该出口被排出;以及
位于所述一端和所述储存器之间的非计定呼吸触发阀,所述呼吸触发阀包括:从所述储存器延伸到所述出口端的流路,所述流路的至少一部分是可变形管;和夹紧构件,当无吸力施加到所述装置时,该夹紧构件挤压所述可变形管以使其关闭,并且当吸力施加在所述出口时释放所述管以打开所述流路,从而提供从所述储存器到所述出口的无间断流动。
通过夹紧可变形管,本发明具有许多优点。所述夹紧机构简单,因为所有需要的仅是为了挤压所述管的可动部件,因此该可动部件无需是复杂的。此外,由于流路沿着敞开的管,因此,无需诸如US 6,889,687中的否则可能需要绕未被安置的阀部件流动的迂回流动。允许无间断流动的非计定阀允许使用者调节使用者从吸入器接收的剂量,因为只要使用者吮吸其就持续分配该剂量。
被挤压的管装置自身充分地提供非计定剂量。而且,尽管该装置可以设置有这样的夹紧构件,该夹紧构件有效地“快速”打开以提供打开或关闭的“二态”装置,但被挤压的可变形管充分地适合于这样的装置,在该装置中,管的开度与吸力强度成比例。作为可呼吸操作并且具有根据其被致动的吸入模式而改变阻力的这种出口阀允许使用者以连续的方式自供给(self-titrate)所吸入的剂量。这种出口阀首先被应用于使用者想要以适合他们需要的方式自供给尼古丁的剂量的戒烟吸入器装置,而且这种出口阀还应用于其它领域中,诸如其中经由口服自管理剂量是优选的镇痛、糖尿病、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)。
所述管能够在若干位置处被夹紧,但是优选地在单个位置处被夹紧,因为仅有必要在单个位置处来实现其功能。该流路优选地基本是直的以确保平滑流动。
如上所述,所述吸入器可以是用于任何可吸入药物组分的送药吸入器。然而,所述吸入器优选地是具有大体上香烟状主体的模拟香烟装置。在该情况下,所述可吸入组分优选地包括尼古丁、尼古丁衍生物以及尼古丁盐。另一方面,所述吸入器可以是这样的模拟香烟,该模拟香烟再现吸烟的物理动作,而无需在组分中具有尼古丁。另选地,所述组分可包括自控式镇痛剂、消炎剂、支气管扩张剂、防痉挛剂、抗病毒剂或者麻醉剂。
所述夹紧构件可以形成为当向所述出口施加吸力时能够释放可变形管的任何适当的装置。例如所述夹紧构件可以是电子式流量传感器和螺线管的组合,以使夹紧构件移动。然而,优选地,所述夹紧构件是机械构件,该机械构件借助在所述出口处施加吸力时造成的压差而移动。
所述机械构件可以呈WO 2009/001082的第二实施例的一对叶片的形式,其中,该机械构件在关闭位置中被挤压在叶片之间,并且当叶片朝向空气贯通流的方向枢转时该机械构件被释放。
然而,优选地,所述夹紧构件是细长叶片,该细长叶片在一端处枢转地安装并且在所述吸入器内纵向地延伸,所述叶片能够在第一位置与第二位置之间枢转,在所述第一位置中,所述管被关闭,在所述第二位置中,该夹紧构件释放所述管以提供所述流路。可以具有单个叶片,该单个叶片抵靠所述吸入器的固定部分夹紧所述可变形管,或者可以具有一对这样的叶片,所述管在该对叶片之间被夹紧。
优选地,所述叶片或者每个叶片被偏压到所述关闭位置,并且所述吸入器具有流路,从而在所述叶片上产生克服所述偏压力的压差。
所述叶片或每个叶片可以暴露于空气的贯通流,使得当使用者在出口上吮吸时,所述空气的贯通流作用在所述叶片的外表面上,以使所述叶片向内移动。然而,优选地,所述叶片或每个叶片由柔性膜支撑。所述柔性膜形成一室,所述叶片容纳在该室中,并且该室通向所述出口,但也可以以其他方式被密封,所述膜的与所述叶片位于相反侧的表面暴露于大气压力下。当使用者在所述出口上吮吸时,使用者在所述室内产生负压,以使所述叶片移动并且使所述膜弯曲以允许该运动。这提供了用于将吸力输送到叶片的十分有效的机构。
优选地,所述可变形管是喷嘴,该喷嘴还一体设置有出口孔,所述出口孔是所述流路的最窄部分。
在该情况下,优选地,所述喷嘴在其上游端具有向外突出的环形凸缘,该环形凸缘配合在所述流路的相邻部分的下游端内。
现在将参照附图描述根据本发明的吸入器的实施例,在附图中:
图1是通过处于关闭位置的第一吸入器的立体图的截面;
图2是处于打开位置的类似视图;
图3是图1和2的吸入器的分解立体图;
图4是通过处于关闭位置的第二吸入器的立体图的截面;
图5是处于打开位置的类似视图;
图6是第二实施例的出口端的立体图,示出了外壳体被移除以显示挤压机构;以及
图7是可变形管状元件的另选布置的截面。
本发明涉及用于呼吸触发香烟的出口阀的改进,并且本发明的仅该方面在这里被具体地描述。对于香烟装置的其余构造及其再填充机构的细节参照WO 2009/001078。
在图1至图3中示出了根据本发明的吸入器的第一实施例。
如图1所示,该装置具有由主底架2和封闭元件3组成的壳体1。该壳体通过贴纸(label)4保持就位。在壳体内,存在容纳可吸入组分的储存器5。该储存器优选地被加压,但还可以通过非加压储存器操作,该非加压储存器与文丘里喷嘴(Venturinozzle)结合以在储存器上产生增强吸力,或者还可以通过容纳在室温下易于蒸发的物质的非加压储存器操作。如在WO 2009/001082中描述的那样,该储存器可以通过填充阀6而可再填充,或者该装置可以是一次性装置,或者该装置可以被布置成使得储存器5是可替换部件。
呼吸触发阀7位于出口端8和储存器5之间。该呼吸触发阀布置成使得当使用者在出口端8上吮吸时,呼吸触发阀7打开以允许吸入来自储存器5的可吸入组分。
壳体在出口端处具有两个孔。这两个孔中的第一个孔是吸入孔9,如以下将更详细地描述的,该吸入孔9与室10连通,并且第二个孔是出口孔11,如以下也将更详细地描述的,可吸入组分从该出口孔被分配。如从图3清楚的,出口孔11设置在分离部件12上。
在储存器5和出口孔11之间限定出口通路13。
出口通路13的一部分由可变形管状元件14提供。该管状元件通过现在将描述的机构在图1所示的关闭位置和图2所示的打开位置之间移动。
该机构包括枢转安装的叶片15和膜16。枢转安装的叶片在最靠近出口端8的端部具有枢转点17并且具有沿其长度延伸并远离出口端渐缩的中央加强肋18。在中点附近,叶片15设置有用于接收弹簧20的凹部19,该弹簧20将叶片15偏压至图1所示的关闭位置。在凹部19下方是具有三角形截面的夹头21,该夹头21构造成在窄的区域上将从叶片15提供的力施加到可变形管状元件14。叶片15由膜16支撑,该膜16在其端部22、23处被密封到壳体。该膜封闭除吸入孔9之外的室10。
膜16的下侧24暴露于大气压力下,这是因为存在通过壳体1的泄漏路径,该泄漏路径因为其在出口路径1周围延伸而在附图中未被示出且因此在图1和图2的平面中未被示出。
当使用者利用图1所示的构造中的装置在出口端8上吮吸时,吸力借助吸入孔9而通过孔25连通至室10,由此降低该室中的压力。这使得叶片15克服弹簧20的作用而升起到图2所示的位置,从而使膜变形为图2所示的构造,并且将夹头21升起以允许可变形管状元件打开,由此允许来自储存器5的可吸入组分沿出口路径13经过可变形管状元件14并且通过出口孔11离开。由使用者施加的吸力程度决定了叶片15移动的程度并且因此决定使用者接收的组分的量。一旦使用者停止吮吸,则大气压力将经由吸入孔9返回至室10,并且弹簧20将使叶片返回到图1的位置,由此挤压管状元件14以使其关闭。
在图4至图6中示出了吸入器的第二实施例。该吸入器也设置有可变形管14、储存器5和出口端8,但是该机构略有不同。在图4的关闭位置中,可变形管挤压在位于弹性夹子31上的一对夹头30之间。该夹子31被偏压到图4所示的第一位置中。吸入器具有:出口孔32,该出口孔32完成从储存器5经由可变形管14通过该出口孔32的流路;以及多个吸入孔33,该多个吸入孔向内室34提供吸力。在该实施例中,具有一对枢转安装的叶片35,该对叶片35沿装置的相反两侧纵向延伸。每个叶片均连接至L形托架36,在图6中示出其中一个托架。该L形托架延伸到相应的夹头30中,并且有效地达到可变形管14的相对侧周围,其目的将在下文描述。
壳体1设置有一对入口孔37,其中每个入口孔用于相应的叶片。当使用者在出口端8上吮吸时,经由吸入孔33的吸力将空气通过入口孔37引入室34中,由此向叶片35施加向内的压力。由于该向内的压力,叶片向内枢转到图5所示的位置。L形托架36意味着上叶片35的向下运动使下夹头30向下运动、并且下叶片35的向上运动使上夹头30向上运动,由此如图5所示打开可变形管14,以分配可吸入组分。当吸力被移除时,叶片35上的压差被移除,并且弹性夹子31的弹力使夹头30返回到图4所示的位置。
现在将参照图7描述可变形管状元件的另选布置。
叶片15、膜16和其它部件与参照前面的实施例描述的那些大致相同。在该实施例中的主要差异在于可变形管状元件14’的构造,并且以下将描述这些差异。
基本上,前述呈分离部件的孔11现在一体形成在管状元件14’中成为孔11’。这具有一些附加优点。首先,通过用单个部件取代两个部件,减少了出口路径所需要的总空间。这允许其它元件(诸如叶片15和膜16)的尺寸增大。这进而提高了装置的灵活性,因为该装置更有效地将小的呼吸力转化为打开流路的运动。这对于可能具有减弱肺功能能力的使用者来说是重要的。其次,通过无需在管状元件14和具有孔11的板之间的密封件,能够简化装置的制造。另外,这消除了在该界面处的泄漏的可能。另外,孔板14’在其上游端密封至出口通路13的方式也被改变。在其上游端,管状元件14’设置有向外突出的环形凸缘40。该环形凸缘配合在出口通路13的下游端内。这提供了与将管状元件14接合就位相比更可靠的密封布置。结果,新的喷嘴设计能够包括较长时间无泄漏的增压构型,因此提高了装置内的构型的稳定性以及较长时间地保持较高的容量。
管状元件14’在具体的部分处可具有不同的厚度。例如,在凸缘40的正下游侧的喷嘴壁上,周边压力最大。然而,对于管状元件14’的夹头21密封在管状构件上的中部,材料的厚度能够减小,以允许更容易的夹持动作。
优选地,管状元件14’具有在20A至80A之间、最优选地在30A至40A之间的邵氏硬度。在其最厚部分处,壁可以是0.5mm厚,并且在其最薄部分处可以是0.18mm厚。在吸入时为了将用于气雾剂的最佳性能输送到肺部系统,出口孔11的宽度优选地在0.1mm至0.5mm之间、更优选地在0.2mm至0.3mm之间、并且最优选地为0.2mm。管状元件14’中的远离出口孔11的内通道的宽度优选地在0.2mm至0.6mm之间、更优选地在0.3mm至0.5mm之间、并且最优选地为0.4mm。
Claims (13)
1.一种吸入器,该吸入器包括:
用于可吸入组分的储存器;
位于一端处的出口,所述可吸入组分通过该出口被排出;以及
位于所述一端和所述储存器之间的非计量式呼吸触发阀,所述呼吸触发阀包括:从所述储存器延伸到出口端的流路,所述流路的至少一部分是可变形管;和夹紧构件,当没有吸力被施加到所述装置时,该夹紧构件挤压所述可变形管以使所述可变形管关闭,并且当吸力被施加在所述出口时所述夹紧构件释放所述管以打开所述流路,从而提供从所述储存器到所述出口的无间断流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸入器,其中,所述吸入器是具有大体香烟状主体的模拟香烟装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸入器,其中,所述可吸入组分包括尼古丁、或尼古丁衍生物、或尼古丁盐。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的吸入器,其中,所述夹紧装置构造成使得所述管的开度与所述吸力的强度成比例。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸入器,其中,所述夹紧构件是机械构件,该机械构件借助在所述出口处施加吸力时造成的压差来移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的吸入器,其中,所述夹紧构件是细长叶片,该细长叶片在一端处按照可枢转的方式被安装并且在所述吸入器内纵向延伸,所述叶片能够在第一位置与第二位置之间枢转,在所述第一位置中,所述管被关闭,在所述第二位置中,所述叶片释放所述管以提供所述流路。
7.根据权利要求6所述的吸入器,其中,设置有单个叶片,该单个叶片抵靠所述吸入器的固定部分夹紧所述可变形管。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的吸入器,其中,所述叶片或者每个叶片被偏压到所述关闭位置中,并且所述吸入器具有流路,从而在所述叶片上产生压差,所述压差克服偏压力。
9.根据权利要求6至8中的任一项所述的吸入器,其中,所述叶片或每个叶片由柔性膜支撑,其中所述柔性膜形成一室,所述叶片被容纳在该室中,并且该室通向所述出口但其他部位被密封,所述膜的位于所述叶片的相反侧的表面暴露于大气压力下。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸入器,其中,所述可变形管是喷嘴,该喷嘴还一体设置有出口孔,所述出口孔是所述流路的最窄部分。
11.根据权利要求10所述的吸入器,其中,所述喷嘴在其上游端具有向外突出的环形凸缘,该环形凸缘配合在所述流路的相邻部分的下游端内。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸入器,其中,所述流路是大致笔直的。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的吸入器,其中,所述管在单个部位被夹紧。
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