CN102459127A - 钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物及钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件 - Google Patents

钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物及钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件 Download PDF

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CN102459127A
CN102459127A CN2010800244063A CN201080024406A CN102459127A CN 102459127 A CN102459127 A CN 102459127A CN 2010800244063 A CN2010800244063 A CN 2010800244063A CN 201080024406 A CN201080024406 A CN 201080024406A CN 102459127 A CN102459127 A CN 102459127A
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barium titanate
mole
semiconductor ceramic
ceramic composition
temperature
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CN102459127B (zh
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川濑洋一
奥田俊介
平田雄一
并河康训
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供布温度传感器用途的PCT热敏电阻中能够使用的、具有包括线性特性在内、作为PTC热敏电阻有利的特性的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物以及钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件。所述钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,其特征在于,由通式(Ba(1-v-w)MevSrw)TixO3+ySiO2(其中,Me为选自Er、Sm、Ce、La中的至少一种)表示,并且v、w、x、y分别在0.001≤v≤0.005、0.42≤w≤0.49、0.99≤x≤1.03、0.002≤y≤0.030的范围内。

Description

钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物及钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件
技术领域
本发明涉及钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物以及钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件,详细而言,涉及具有正电阻温度特性的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物以及钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件。
背景技术
作为具有正电阻温度系数的半导体瓷器的材料,广泛已知有钛酸钡系的半导体材料。这样的半导体材料产生如下特征:具有在居里温度以上急剧地高电阻化的PTC(正电阻温度特性),从而在定温发热加热器、温度传感器和过电流保护用途的PTC热敏电阻中使用。
专利文献1中提出了一种钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,其特征在于,由通式(Ba(1-v-w)SrvErw)TixO3+yMn+zSiO2表示,且v、w、x、y、z为v=0.05摩尔~0.40摩尔、w=0.005摩尔~0.012摩尔、x=1.00摩尔~1.04摩尔、y=0.0004摩尔~0.0018摩尔、z=0.01摩尔~0.04摩尔。
该专利文献1中,得到常温下的比电阻值低并且电阻温度系数大、而且破坏电压高的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开昭51-38091号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
另外,钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,有时被期望相对于温度变化电阻呈直线变化的特性(以下简称为线性特性),以能够用于在温度传感器用途的PTC热敏电阻中。
但是,专利文献1中提出的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,具有在60℃附近电阻急剧上升的特性,因此,例如,在-30℃~80℃这样的低温侧的宽温度范围内,不适合在温度传感器用途的PTC热敏电阻中使用。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,其能够在温度传感器用途的PTC热敏电阻中使用,具有包括线性特性在内、作为PTC热敏电阻有利的特性。
用于解决问题的手段
为了解决上述问题,本发明的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,其特征在于,由通式(Ba(1-v-w)MevSrw)TixO3+ySiO2(其中,Me为选自Er、Sm、Ce、La中的至少一种)表示,并且v、w、x、y分别在0.001≤v≤0.005、0.42≤w≤0.49、0.99≤x≤1.03、0.002≤y≤0.030的范围内。
另外,上述钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物中,优选v在0.001≤v≤0.002的范围内。
另外,本发明的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件,其特征在于,由上述钛酸钡系瓷器组合物构成。
发明效果
本发明的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,例如能够在-30℃~80℃这样的低温侧的宽温度范围内得到线性特性,并且能够得到作为PTC热敏电阻有利的特性、即常温下的比电阻值(电阻率)低、电阻温度系数大、常温25℃下的常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率(电阻率的变化率)小的效果。
附图说明
图1是作为本发明的实施方式的正特性热敏电阻1的截面图。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的优选实施方式进行说明。图1是本发明的第一实施方式的正特性热敏电阻1的截面图。
如图1所示,PTC热敏电阻1具备:电极11和12、以及在电极11与12之间夹持的由钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物构成的陶瓷原体20。在陶瓷原体20的一个和另一个表面上形成电极11和电极12。
上述正特性热敏电阻1中,本发明的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物具有如下特征,由通式(Ba(1-v-w)MevSrw)TixO3+ySiO2(其中,Me为选自Er、Sm、Ce、La中的至少一种)表示,v、w、x、y分别为0.001≤v≤0.005、0.42≤w≤0.49、0.99≤x≤1.03、0.002≤y≤0.030。
在形成如上所述的构成时,发现例如在-30℃~80℃这样的低温侧的宽温度范围内得到线性特性,并且能够保持作为PTC热敏电阻有利的特性。特别是本发明在主成分中含有比较多的锶,使居里温度向低温侧移动,由此,更加稳定地显示出线性特性。但是,在添加锶比较多的情况下,常温25℃下的常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率增大。相对于此,在将各元素设定为本发明的组成范围的情况下,在-30℃~80℃这样的低温侧的宽温度范围内得到线性特性,并且能够实现在常温25℃下的常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率小、比电阻也小、电阻温度系数大的PTC热敏电阻。需要说明的是,数值范围的根据基于以下的实验例进行说明。
图1中的正特性热敏电阻1为圆板状,但也可以为立方体形状。另外,图1中,提出了单板型的正特性热敏电阻,也可以为在陶瓷原体20的内部不具有内部电极的芯片型的正特性热敏电阻、或者在陶瓷原体20的内部具有内部电极的层叠型的正特性热敏电阻。
另外,电极11以及12在陶瓷原体20的两个主面上形成。电极11以及12可以由得到与陶瓷原体20欧姆接触的材料形成,例如,可以使用镍、蒙乃尔合金(monel)、铬等材料。另外,电极11以及12的形成方法可以通过溅射形成,也可以通过在实施镀镍后涂布电极糊进行烧结来形成。
下面,对于本发明的更加具体的实验例进行说明。
(实验例)
制造组成式由(Ba(1-v-w)MevSrw)TixO3+ySiO2(其中,Me为选自Er、Sm、Ce、La中的至少一种)表示的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,考察使用该组合物制作半导体瓷器元件时的温度特性、常温下的比电阻值、电阻温度系数、常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率、以及煅烧后的元件之间的粘连发生率。
在制造上述钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物时,准备BaCO3、TiO2、SrCO3、CaCO3、Er2O3、SiO2,将这些原料以得到表1所示的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物的方式进行调合。
接着,将调合原料与纯水、分散剂以及氧化锆球一起混合粉碎2小时后,进行干燥,在1200℃下煅烧2小时。陶瓷后,将所得到的煅烧原料与纯水、粘合剂、卵石(日文:玉石)一起混合5小时,制作浆料。将该浆料干燥、造粒后,通过加压成型制作直径12mm、厚度1mm的圆板状的成形体,以升降温速度4℃/分钟、1380℃下保持2小时的条件进行煅烧。煅烧后,在所得到的元件表面上形成Cr-NiCu-Ag的溅射电极,测定常温25℃下的比电阻值(电阻率)ρ、电阻温度系数α、常温25℃下的常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率(电阻率的变化率)、以及表示线性特性的-30℃~25℃、25℃~85℃、进而-30℃~85℃下的线形系数。
需要说明的是,关于比电阻值(电阻率)ρ,通过近似4端子法在液槽中测定常温25℃下的液槽中的电阻值(R25″)后,利用R25″×(电极面积/陶瓷原体的厚度)进行计算。
另外,电阻温度系数(α)通过下述式求出。
α={ln(R85/R-30)/(T2-T1)}×100(%/℃)
R85:85℃下的电阻值
R-30:-30℃下的电阻值
T2:85℃
T1:-30℃
另外,关于常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率(电阻率的变化率),测定常温25℃下的常温电阻值(R25),并测定常温下放置1000小时后的常温电阻值(R25′),通过下述式求得。
ΔR25=(R25′-R25)/(R25)×100(%/℃)
关于线性特性,首先使用测定-30℃下的电阻值(R-30)、25℃下的电阻值(R25)、85℃下的电阻值(R85)后的值,在各温度范围(R-30~85℃、R-30~25℃、R25~85℃)内测定点数20个计算线形系数。其中,线形系数R2通过以下的[数1]所示的式子求得,表示电阻温度特性的直线性。即,R2的绝对值越接近1,表示直线性越优良。
[数1]
R 2 = S ( xy ) 2 S ( xx ) S ( yy )
S ( xx ) = Σ ( x i - x ‾ ) 2
S ( yy ) = Σ ( y i - y ‾ ) 2
S ( xy ) = Σ ( x i - x ‾ ) ( y i - y ‾ )
x=温度
y=ln(温度x下的电阻值)
需要说明的是,将比电阻值为1.2kΩ·cm以下、电阻温度系数为2.5%/℃以上、常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率为3%以内、线形系数为0.98以上设为优良品。需要说明的是,试样编号带*号的情况为本发明的范围外。在表1中示出各试样编号的组成。另外,在表2中示出各自的测定結果。
表1
Figure BDA0000115363060000061
*为本发明的范围外
表2
表1中,将Sr设定为0.42摩尔以上且0.49摩尔以下、将作为Me的掺杂元素设定为0.001摩尔以上且0.005摩尔以下、将Ti设定为0.99摩尔以上且1.03摩尔以下、将SiO2设定为0.002摩尔以上且0.03摩尔以下的试样2~6、9~14、19~22以及25~28,线形系数为0.98以上,比电阻值为1.2kΩcm以下,电阻温度系数为2.5%/℃以上,常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率为3%以下,得到充分的线性特性,并且得到优良的PTC特性。
特别是如试样编号2~3所示,通过将Er设定为0.001摩尔以上且0.002摩尔以下,电阻温度系数增大至4.0%/℃以上,因此更优选。需要说明的是,如表3的试样编号11~13所示,将Er置换成Sm、Ce、La,也得到同样的效果。
另一方面,在试样编号8的情况下,Sr少为0.40摩尔,因此,在R-30~25℃的范围内出现拐点,线形系数达到0.89,没有得到充分的线性特性。另外,试样编号15的情况下,Sr多达0.50摩尔,因此,比电阻值高达1.5kΩ·cm,常温放置1000小时后中的比电阻变化率高达3.3%。
另外可知,试样编号1的Er为0.0003摩尔的情况下,或者试样编号7的Er为0.006摩尔的情况下,比电阻值增高至2.5kΩ·cm以上。由于比电阻值增高,因此,没有评价其他特性。
另外,试样编号18的SiO2为0.001摩尔的情况下,没有烧结钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,因此,无法测定各自的特性值。另外,试样编号23的SiO2为0.04摩尔的情况下,比电阻值增高至2.7kΩ·cm。另外,由于比电阻值增高,因此,没有评价其他特性。
另外,试样编号24的Ti为0.97摩尔的情况下,电阻温度系数小,为2.2%/℃,没有得到所期望的PTC特性。因此,没有评价其他特性。
另外可知,试样编号29的Ti为1.05摩尔的情况下,比电阻值高达2.7kΩ·cm。由于比电阻值增高,因此,没有评价其他特性。
另外,如试样编号30所示可知,在本发明中添加0.0001摩尔Mn的情况下,常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率高达4.4%以上。即,本发明优选不添加Mn。需要说明的是,由于常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率增高,因此,没有评价其他特性。
另外,如试样编号16所示可知,在本发明中添加0.15摩尔Ca的情况下,在R25~85℃下,线形系数达到0.97,比电阻值高达49kΩ·cm。即,本发明优选不添加Ca。需要说明的是,由于没有得到线性特性,因此,没有测定常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率。
另外,如试样编号17所示可知,在本发明中添加0.05摩尔Pb的情况下,在R-30~25℃的范围内出现拐点,线形系数达到0.93,无法得到充分的线性特性。可以认为Pb作为使居里温度向高温侧提高的转换器起作用。即,本发明优选不添加Pb。需要说明的是,由于没有得到线性特性,因此,没有测定常温放置1000小时后的比电阻变化率。
符号说明
1  PTC热敏电阻
11 电极
12 电极
20 陶瓷原体

Claims (3)

1.一种钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,其特征在于,由通式(Ba(1-v-w)MevSrw)TixO3+ySiO2表示,其中,Me为选自Er、Sm、Ce、La中的至少一种,并且v、w、x、y分别在
0.001≤v≤0.005、
0.42≤w≤0.49、
0.99≤x≤1.03、
0.002≤y≤0.030的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物,其特征在于,所述v在0.001≤v≤0.002的范围内。
3.一种钛酸钡系半导体瓷器元件,其特征在于,用权利要求1或2所述的钛酸钡系半导体瓷器组合物形成的。
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