CN102459078B - 十二卤代新戊硅烷的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/08—Compounds containing halogen
- C01B33/107—Halogenated silanes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备通式(1)的新戊硅烷的方法,Si(SiR3)4 (1);其中通式(2)的硅化合物在催化活性化合物(K)的存在下反应,所形成的四卤代硅烷在化合物(L)的存在下通过蒸馏被分离掉,所述化合物(L)在室温下是液体,并具有比释放出的四卤代硅烷更高的沸点,R3Si-(SiR2-)xSiR3 (2);其中R选自Cl、Br和I,以及x表示至多为5的非负整数。
Description
本发明涉及在催化剂和高沸点溶剂存在下由全卤代聚硅烷制备十二卤代新戊硅烷的方法。
可由十二卤代新戊硅烷(新戊硅烷=四(甲硅烷基)硅烷)制得的硅氢化合物用于在CVD工艺中沉积Si-C。
十二卤代新戊硅烷的制备在例如WO 20080513281和J.Inorg.Nucl.Chem.,1964,Vol.26,421-425中有描述。
在WO 20080513281中,六卤代乙硅烷与作为催化剂的叔胺反应得到含有四(三卤代甲硅烷基)硅烷的混合物。在后处理中,在真空中将反应混合物蒸发至干燥,使得不易挥发的杂质(例如全卤代聚硅烷)不能被分离掉,或者仅能不完全地分离掉。仅在用氯原子交换氢之后,通过蒸馏目标产物新戊硅烷进行提纯。因为氢化烷基铝用于随后的反应,含卤素的副产物导致对这些昂贵的原料化合物不必要的高消耗,因此在经济上是不利的。
J.Inorg.Nucl.Chem.,1964,Vol.26,421-425中公开了由六氯乙硅烷或八氯丙硅烷与三甲胺制备十二氯新戊硅烷。
而且,其中讲到十二氯新戊硅烷与作为副产物形成的四氯硅烷形成加合物。仅通过在真空中对固体进行昂贵繁琐的干燥,才可能去除结合在晶体中的四卤代硅烷和其它易挥发杂质例如六氯乙硅烷。
因此该方法不适于在工业规模上制备纯的全卤代聚硅烷。
本发明的目的是开发一种不再具有现有技术的那些缺点的方法。
本发明涉及一种制备通式(1)的新戊硅烷的方法,
Si(SiR3)4 (1)
其中通式(2)的硅化合物在催化活性化合物(K)的存在下反应,所形成的四卤代硅烷在化合物(L)的存在下通过蒸馏被分离掉,所述化合物(L)在室温下是液体,并具有比释放出的四卤代硅烷更高的沸点,
R3Si-(SiR2-)xSiR3 (2)
其中R选自Cl、Br和I,以及x表示至多为5的非负整数。
通过本发明的方法四卤代硅烷可以非常简单和有效的方式被分离掉。从而,可得到纯的通式(1)的新戊硅烷。
在反应和蒸馏条件下对Si-Si和Si-卤素化合物没有反应性的所有化合物都适用作在室温下为液体的化合物(L),下面称为高沸化合物(L),例如烃,如烷烃(正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、环己烷、环庚烷、石蜡烃如Hydroseal G400H、十氢萘),烯烃(如环己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、环辛烯),芳烃(如苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、溴苯、氯苯、氟苯),醚(如二正丁基醚、二正己基醚、二苯基醚、苯基甲基醚、1,4-二噁烷、3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃、四氢吡喃);硅氧烷,特别是具有优选0-6个二甲基硅氧烷单元且具有三甲基甲硅烷基端基的线型二甲基聚硅氧烷,或具有优选4-7个二甲基硅氧烷单元的环状二甲基聚硅氧烷,例如六甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基三硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、十甲基环五硅氧烷,或所述物质的混合物。优选的物质是十二卤代新戊硅烷在其中溶解性差的那些,特别是烃和硅氧烷。由于在市场上易获得和低反应性,烃如甲苯、高沸点石蜡烃和十氢萘是特别优选的。优选使用的高沸化合物(L)在1023hPa下的沸点比相应的四卤代硅烷的沸点高至少10℃,特别优选高至少15℃。
合适的催化活性化合物(K)是所有适于加速线型全卤代聚硅烷的重排反应以生成全卤代新戊硅烷的化合物。它们的使用浓度在所述文献中有描述。为了保证所用的催化活性化合物(K)尽可能完全地分离掉,在本发明的方法中优选使用在1023hPa下沸点比高沸化合物(L)低至少10℃,特别是低至少20℃的催化活性化合物(K)。
优选的催化活性化合物(K)为醚化合物(E)和叔胺化合物(N)。
醚化合物(E)是很容易获得并且容易分离的化合物。
优选的醚化合物(E)是环状有机醚化合物,其优选具有至少5个环上原子,并优选不超过30个环上原子,例如1,3-二氧戊环、四氢呋喃(THF)、四氢吡喃、1,4-二噁烷、[12]冠醚-4、[15]冠醚-5。环状醚化合物(E)可具有烃取代基,特别是具有1-6个碳原子的烷基,优选甲基和乙基。取代的环状醚化合物(E)的实例为4-甲基-1,3-二氧戊环、3-甲基四氢呋喃、2,2-二甲基-1,4-二噁烷。
同样优选的还有线型或支化有机醚化合物(E),例如单醚和聚醚。优选的单醚为在1023hPa下沸点为至少60℃的醚,例如二正丙基醚。聚亚烷基二醇例如聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇也可用作聚醚,所述聚亚烷基二醇优选不具有自由OH基团,即是说用烷基或芳基封端,例如聚乙二醇二甲基醚。所述聚亚烷基二醇的平均摩尔质量Mn优选为至少150,特别是至少500,并且优选不超过10000,特别是不超过5000。
优选的叔胺化合物(N)为单胺或线型、支化或环状聚胺。
通式(3)的单胺是优选的:
N(R1)3 (3)
其中R1表示具有1-20个碳原子的烃基。
烃基R1可以是饱和或不饱和的,支链或直链的,取代或未取代的。在通式(3)中,可存在不同类型的R1或同一类型的R1。
烃基R1可以是烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、1-正丁基、2-正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基或叔戊基、己基如正己基、庚基如正庚基、辛基如正辛基和异辛基如2,2,4-三甲基戊基、壬基如正壬基、癸基如正癸基、十二烷基如正十二烷基、十八烷基如正十八烷基;环烷基,例如环戊基、环己基和环庚基和甲基环己基;烯基,例如乙烯基、1-丙烯基和2-丙烯基;芳基,例如苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基;烷芳基,例如邻、间、对-甲苯基、二甲苯基和乙苯基;和芳烷基,例如苯甲基、和α-和β-苯乙基。烃基R1优选具有1-6个,特别是1-3个碳原子。R1优选是甲基、乙基、异丙基和正丙基、异丁基和正丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、苯基、甲苯基或烯丙基。
优选的线型三级聚胺(N)为含有乙二胺或丙邻二胺单元并具有N-烷基的聚胺(N),或其混合物。聚胺(N)优选含有1-20个,特别是1-10个乙二胺或丙邻二胺单元。
特别优选的叔胺化合物(N)为三甲胺和三乙胺。
对于每100重量份的通式(2)的硅化合物,催化活性化合物(K)的用量优选为至少0.1重量份,特别优选至少0.5重量份,特别是至少2重量份,并且优选不超过50重量份,特别优选不超过20重量份,特别是不超过10重量份。
通式(1)的新戊硅烷在一个分子中的R可具有相同或不同的含义。优选的是,所有R都具有相同的含义。特别优选R代表Cl。
x优选表示数值0或1。
通过加入催化剂开始通式(2)的硅化合物向通式(1)的目标产物的转化。为了加速该反应,在本发明的方法中从一开始即蒸馏掉反应中形成的副产物四卤代硅烷。这可在真空中、在环境压力下或在超大气压力下进行。优选的是,反应在环境压力下进行。反应优选在至少-10℃下,特别优选在至少50℃下,特别是在至少100℃下,并且优选在不超过300℃下,特别是不超过250℃下进行。反应优选进行至少1小时,特别优选至少3小时,特别是至少10小时,并且优选不超过10天。
为了获得尽可能高的时空产率,优选仅在反应结束后将高沸化合物(L)加入到蒸馏釜底部,也就是说,当形成的大部分量的四卤代硅烷已经被蒸馏掉并因而在蒸馏釜中有足够的空间时。然后优选继续蒸馏到高沸化合物(L)的沸点。由于高沸化合物(L)较高的沸点,自由的和结合的四卤代硅烷通过挟带被去除。然后冷却蒸馏釜的底部,不含四卤代硅烷的目标产物(1)沉淀下来,并能够通过过滤、沉积或离心优选作为纯固体被分离出来,或者能够直接在悬浮液中进一步处理。
在本发明的方法的另一个不太优选的实施方案中,形成的四卤代硅烷不在反应过程中被蒸馏掉,而是在反应结束后被蒸馏掉,然后加入高沸化合物(L),接着蒸馏掉剩余的(自由的和结合的)四卤代硅烷。
通过将所述固体再溶解在所用的高沸化合物(L)中或另外的高沸化合物(L)中或另一种溶剂中,然后通过过滤、沉积或离心分离掉不溶的成分,产物可被进一步提纯。接着可进一步加工为溶液或者通过蒸发或冷却再次再结晶并分离为固体。
加入的高沸化合物(L)的量主要取决于目标产物的溶解性,也就是说加入的高沸化合物(L)尽可能少。优选的是,高沸化合物的量使得目标产物在高温下尽可能完全地溶解,并在冷却时被充分分离出。基于所用的通式(2)的硅化合物的量,高沸化合物(L)的优选量为至少2重量%,特别是至少5重量%,并且优选不超过20重量%,特别是不超过50重量%。在具体的情况下,可通过在沸点下加入量的高沸化合物(L)正好使目标产物完全溶解,来很容易地确定最佳量。
优选在反应后进行冷却过程,优选冷却至至少-15℃,特别是至少0℃,并且优选不超过60℃,特别优选不超过40℃的温度,特别是冷却至18-25℃的室温。在这个过程中,结晶出纯的通式(1)的目标产物,并通过过滤、沉积或离心分离。可将母液加入到下一批料中;不过,也可以通过冷却和/或蒸发,也就是蒸馏掉挥发性成分,特别是高沸化合物(L),来沉淀溶解的通式(1)的目标产物,并如上所述进行分离。整个过程或单个过程步骤可以在有或没有惰性气体如氮气、氦气或氩气存在下彼此独立地进行;不过,它们也可在空气中进行,条件是湿含量优选不超过10ppbw。优选的是,出于成本原因,所有过程步骤都在氮气的存在下进行。
上述式的所有符号都具有彼此独立的含义。在所有式中,硅原子为四价。
除非另外陈述,以下实施例是在环境压力即约1000hPa下和室温即约23℃下和约50%的相对湿度下进行的。
实施例1
首先将2254g六氯乙硅烷(Wacker Chemie AG,Germany)和145g四氢呋喃(Merck KGaA,Germany)加入到2升的烧瓶中,所述烧瓶用氮气保护,并配有温度计、35cm填充柱和磁力搅拌器。将混合物加热到沸腾。得到的最高温度是56℃。通过将反应混合物进一步加热到不超过143℃,可维持连续的蒸馏物流。在5小时内,去除了1014.3g根据GC含有89%四氯硅烷和11%THF的蒸馏物。在蒸馏底部沉淀了白色固体。加入216g甲苯后,将反应混合物再次加热到沸腾。在90分钟内,在107℃的最高温度下共去除了102.7g蒸馏物。根据GC,该蒸馏物的组成如下:66%四氯硅烷、29%甲苯、4%六氯乙硅烷、0.8%THF。将白色悬浮液冷却至室温后,用玻璃粉过滤,用甲苯洗涤,并通过通入氮气和由水喷射泵施加真空进行干燥。分离出506.5g无色结晶固体,1H-和29Si-NMR显示除了目标产物十二氯新戊硅烷之外,仅存在痕量的四氯硅烷、甲苯和六氯乙硅烷。
Claims (8)
1.制备通式(1)的新戊硅烷的方法,
Si(SiR3)4 (1)
其中通式(2)的硅化合物在催化活性化合物K的存在下反应,
R3Si-(SiR2-)xSiR3 (2)
其中R选自Cl、Br和I,以及x表示至多为5的非负整数,其中从一开始就蒸馏掉反应中形成的四卤代硅烷,在反应结束后将高沸化合物L加入到蒸馏釜底部,所述化合物L在室温下是液体,并具有比所释放的四卤代硅烷更高的沸点,残余的四卤代硅烷在化合物L的存在下通过蒸馏被分离掉,然后冷却蒸馏釜的底部,不含四卤代硅烷的通式(1)的产物沉淀下来。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述在室温下是液体的化合物L选自烃、醚、硅氧烷和它们的混合物。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述在室温下是液体的化合物L在1023hPa下的沸点比所述四卤代硅烷高至少10℃。
4.权利要求1或2的方法,其中基于所用的通式(2)的硅化合物的量,化合物L的用量为2-50重量%。
5.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述催化活性化合物K选自醚化合物E和叔胺化合物N。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述催化活性化合物K是四氢呋喃、三甲胺或三乙胺。
7.权利要求1或2的方法,其中基于100重量份的通式(2)的硅化合物,催化活性化合物K的用量为0.1-50重量份。
8.权利要求1或2的方法,其中x表示数值0或1。
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