CN102444896A - 脉冲爆轰清洁系统及方法 - Google Patents

脉冲爆轰清洁系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN102444896A
CN102444896A CN2011103099091A CN201110309909A CN102444896A CN 102444896 A CN102444896 A CN 102444896A CN 2011103099091 A CN2011103099091 A CN 2011103099091A CN 201110309909 A CN201110309909 A CN 201110309909A CN 102444896 A CN102444896 A CN 102444896A
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air stream
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CN102444896B (zh
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张天璇
D·M·查平
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Parker Hannifin Corp
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
    • F28G7/005—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves by explosions or detonations; by pressure waves generated by combustion processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0024—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for combustion apparatus, e.g. for boilers

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Abstract

本发明涉及脉冲爆轰清洁系统及方法。具体而言，本申请提供了一种用于清洁封闭式结构(270)的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)。脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)可包括脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)和外部燃料-空气流(265)。脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)将外部燃料-空气流(265)输送至封闭式结构(270)中并点燃外部燃料-空气流(265)以清洁封闭式结构(270)。

Description

脉冲爆轰清洁系统及方法
技术领域
本申请主要涉及脉冲爆轰清洁系统及方法，且更具体地涉及使用外部燃料-空气混合物的燃烧来清洁管和其它类型的封闭式表面的脉冲爆轰清洁系统及方法。
背景技术
工业锅炉通过使用热源以由水或其它类型的工作流体产生蒸汽来操作。蒸汽可用于驱动涡轮或其它类型的负载。热源可为在其中燃烧燃料-空气混合物的燃烧器。热可从燃烧器经由热交换器传递至工作流体。然而，燃烧燃料-空气混合物可在燃烧器、热交换器等的表面上生成残余物。此外，流经热交换器的管和其它类型的封闭件的工作流体也可在其中产生残余物和其它沉积物。这些残余物和其它沉积物的存在可抑制对于工作流体的有效热传递。这种效率的降低可由来自过程后端的排出气体温度升高和保持蒸汽产出和能量输出所需的燃料燃烧速率提高来反映。因此，周期性地除去残余物和沉积物可有助于保持总体系统效率。典型的是，完全除去沉积物通常需要在执行清洁过程的同时使锅炉或其它系统停机。
加压蒸汽、水射流、声波、机械锤击和其它方法已用于在脱机(offline)的同时除去这些内部沉积物。例如，机械方法可包括不同类型的刷子、集管和矛状物(lance)机械地穿过管。化学方法可包括使用不同类型的化学溶液。气动/液压方法可使用压缩空气或高压水射流。还可使用真空方法。最后，这些方法的组合也是公知的。
最近，已采用了爆轰式燃烧装置。具体而言，锅炉、热交换器管或其它系统外的脉冲爆轰燃烧器可用于生成可在其中引导的一系列爆轰或准爆轰。高速冲击波经由锅炉、管或以其它方式传播，且使沉积物从其中的表面松脱。脉冲爆轰燃烧器系统产生快速的清洁，但趋于需要较大的覆盖区。此外，冲击波的强度/有效性随其远离爆轰燃烧器的传播而减小，使得存在对于清洁范围的限制。
因此，期望的是能够快速地操作以除去锅炉、热交换器管等中的内部沉积物来最大限度地减小停机时间的清洁系统及方法。还期望的是该系统和方法可在现有环境内操作，也即该系统能够物理地配合在现有的空间极限内，同时能够通过遍及容器的最强压力波到达需要清洁的所有管或其它表面。
发明内容
因此，本申请提供了一种用于清洁封闭式结构的脉冲爆轰清洁系统。该脉冲爆轰清洁系统可包括脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器和外部燃料-空气流。脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器将外部燃料-空气流输送至封闭式结构中以及点燃外部燃料-空气流以清洁封闭式结构。
本申请还提供了一种利用脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器清洁封闭式结构的方法。该方法可包括以下步骤：围绕封闭式结构的入口定位脉冲爆轰燃烧器，使外部燃料-空气混合物从脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器流入封闭式结构中，以及点燃外部燃料-空气混合物以清洁封闭式结构。
本申请还提供了一种用于清洁管的脉冲爆轰清洁系统。脉冲爆轰清洁系统可包括具有燃烧室的脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器、与燃烧室连通的空气流，以及与燃烧室连通的气流。空气流和气流在燃烧室中混合以形成外部燃料-空气流，使得脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器将外部燃料-空气流输送至管中且点燃外部燃料-空气流以清洁管。
本领域的普通技术人员通过查阅以下详细描述，同时结合多个附图和所附权利要求，本申请的这些及其它特征和改进将变得明显。
附图说明
图1为公知的脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器的简图。
图2为如可在文中描述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统的简图。
图3为在多管热交换器中使用的图2中的脉冲爆轰清洁系统的透视图。
图4为在具有集管的多管热交换器中使用的图2中的脉冲爆轰清洁系统的透视图。
零件清单
100 脉冲爆轰清洁器
110 空气入口
120 燃料入口
130 出口开孔
140 壁
150 管
160 燃烧室
170 中心体
180 开口
190 空气孔
200 燃料仓室
210 燃料孔
220 点火装置
230 障碍物
240 爆轰波
250 脉冲爆轰清洁系统
255 空气流
260 燃料流
265 燃料-空气流
270 封闭式结构
275 热交换器
280 管
290 入口
300 热交换器
310 集管
320 入口
具体实施方式
如本文所用，用语″脉冲爆轰燃烧器″(″PDC″)是指由燃料和氧化剂的爆轰或准爆轰产生升压和提速两者的装置或系统。PDC可以重复模式操作以在装置内产生多个爆轰或准爆轰。″爆轰″可为其中冲击波连接至燃烧区的超音速燃烧。冲击可由来自燃烧区的能量释放来维持，以便导致燃烧产物处在高于燃烧反应物的压力。″准爆轰″可为超音速湍流燃烧过程，其产生升压和提速高于由亚音速爆燃波产生的升压和提速。为了简单起见，如本文所用的用语″爆轰″或″爆轰波″将包括爆轰和准爆轰两者。
示例性的PDC(其中的一些将在下文更为详细描述)包括用于点燃燃料/氧化剂混合物的燃烧的点火装置，以及在其中由燃烧引发的压力波前(front)结合以产生爆轰波的爆轰室。各爆轰或准爆轰均可由外部点火源引发，如火花放电、激光脉冲、热源或等离子点火器，或由气体动态过程引发，如冲击会聚、自动点火或来自于其它来源(交叉火焰点火)的现有爆轰波。爆轰室的几何形状可容许在爆轰波后方升压，以便驱动爆轰波和还将燃烧产物自身吹出PDC的排气口(exhaust)。
各种室几何形状均可支持爆轰形成，包括圆形室、管、共振腔、反射区以及环形室。此类室设计可具有在面积和形状两者上恒定或变化的截面。示例性室包括圆柱形管和具有多边形截面的管，举例来说，例如六边形管。如本文所用，″下游″是指燃料或氧化剂的其中至少一个的流动方向。
现参看附图，其中相似的数字在所有多幅图中表示相似的元件，图1示出了脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器100的实例。PDC清洁器100可沿所示的x轴线从包括空气入口110和燃料入口120的上游头端延伸至位于下游端处的出口开孔130。PDC清洁器100的开孔130可附接到锅炉、热交换器或待清洁的其它结构的壁140上。管150可从头端延伸至开孔130，以便在其中限定燃烧室160。空气入口110可连接到压缩空气源上。压缩空气可用于填充和净化燃烧室160，且还可用作对于燃烧燃料的氧化剂。
空气入口110可连接到中心体170上，中心体170可沿管150轴线延伸且延伸至燃烧室160中。中心体170可为大致圆柱形管的形式，其从空气入口102延伸且渐缩至下游开口180。中心体170还可包括沿其长度的一个或多个空气孔190。空气孔190可容许流经中心体170的空气进入室160的上游端。中心体170的开口180和空气孔190可容许将定向速度给予经由空气入口110馈送至管150中的空气。这种定向流可用于加强喷射空气中的湍流，且还改善存在于管150头端中的流动内的燃料与空气的混合。
空气孔190可围绕中心体170的轴线设置在多个成角和轴向的位置处。空气孔190的角可对于中心体170的轴线为完全径向的。在其它实例中，空气孔190可沿轴向方向和圆周方向成角，以便将向下游或旋转速度给予来自于中心体170的流动。经过中心体170的流动还可用于向中心体170提供冷却，以便防止可导致在其中劣化的过度热聚集。
燃料入口120可连接至供送的燃料，该燃料可在燃烧室160内燃烧。燃料仓室200可连接到燃料入口120上。燃料仓室200可为围绕管150的头端圆周延伸的腔。大量燃料孔210可使燃料仓室200的内部与管150的内部相连。燃料孔210可沿径向从燃料仓室200延伸，且延伸进入管150的壁和中心体170之间的环形空间中。如空气孔190那样，燃料孔210也可设置在多种轴向位置和周向位置处。此外，燃料孔210可对准以完全沿径向方向延伸，或可相对于径向方向沿轴向或周向地倾斜。
燃料可喷射到室160中，以便与经过中心体170的空气孔190的空气流相混合。燃料和空气的混合可通过空气孔190和燃料孔210的相关布置来加强。例如，通过将燃料孔210布置在一定位置使得燃料喷射到由经过空气孔190的流动所产生的强湍流区中，燃料和空气可更快地混合以便产生更容易燃烧的燃料/空气混合物。燃料可经由阀穿过燃料入口120供送至燃料仓室200，该阀容许对经由其的燃料流的主动控制。
点火装置220可设置在管150的头端附近。点火装置220可沿管150的壁定位在与中心体170端部类似的轴向位置处。该位置容许分别经过孔190、210的燃料和空气在流过点火装置220之前混合。点火装置220可连接到控制器上，以便在期望的时间操作点火装置220以及向监测操作提供反馈信号。
管150还可包含设置在沿其长度的各种位置上的许多障碍物230。障碍物230可采用肋条、凹口、销钉或任何结构的形式。障碍物230在尺寸、形状或位置上为均匀或任意的。当燃烧沿管150的长度传播且在燃烧前沿到达开孔130之前加速燃烧前沿成为爆轰波240时，障碍物230可用于加强燃烧。本文所示的障碍物230可与管150的壁通过热学方式形成一体。障碍物230可包括器件，这些器件机械加工在壁中，与壁一体形成(例如，通过铸造或锻造)，或附接到壁上，例如通过焊接。其它类型的制造技术也可在这里使用。
因此，空气经由空气入口110进入，且穿过中心体170的下游开口180和空气孔190。同样，燃料流过燃料入口120且穿过燃料仓室200的气孔210。然后，燃料和空气由点火装置220点燃而形成燃烧流和最终产生的爆轰波240。爆轰波240可沿内管270的长度延伸。湍流可由其中的障碍物230提供。然后，爆轰波240可经由出口开孔130离开，使得爆轰波240可用于锅炉、热交换器等中的清洁目的。其它构造也可在这里使用。
本文中的管150、障碍物230、中心体170以及其它元件可使用适于经受与重复爆轰相关联的温度和压力的多种材料制成。这些材料可包括但不限于铬镍铁合金、不锈钢、铝、碳钢等。其它材料也可在这里使用。
图2示出了如可在文中描述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统250的实例。脉冲爆轰清洁系统250可包括PDC清洁器100或相似类型的脉冲爆轰装置。脉冲爆轰清洁系统250可以与上文所述的相似的方式与空气流255和燃料流260连通。脉冲爆轰清洁系统250的PDC清洁器100还可产生如在下文更为详细描述的外部燃料-空气流265，以便清洁任何类型的封闭式表面270。
例如，图3示出了结合作为封闭式表面270的热交换器275的实例使用的脉冲爆轰清洁系统250。具体而言，脉冲爆轰清洁系统250可结合整个热交换器270内的管280使用。其它构造也可在这里使用。
在使用中，PDC清洁器100可围绕热交换器270的管280的入口290或其它类型的结构定位。空气流255可经由空气入口110进入，且穿过PDC清洁器100的中心体170的下游开口180和空气孔190。同样，燃料流260可流经燃料入口120和燃料仓室200的气孔210。代替由点火装置220立即点燃，空气流255和燃料流260可在燃烧室160内混合并形成外部燃料-空气流265。外部燃料-空气流265可穿出PDC清洁器100且进入管280的入口290中。因此，外部燃料-空气流265可填充管280。然后，点火装置220可点燃外部燃料-空气流265，以便在燃烧室160内产生爆轰波240且穿出管280的长度。爆轰波240可以超音速经由其传播，且在管280内生成高局部压力。这种高局部压力可用于清洁管280内的残余物和其它沉积物。然后，该过程可对于热交换器275内的任何或所有其它管280重复。
图4示出了热交换器300的另一实施例。在该实施例中，热交换器300还包括位于其中的大量管280。热交换器300还包括集管310。集管310可与各管280连通。集管310可具有单个入口320。其它构造也可在这里使用。
如上文所述，脉冲爆轰清洁系统250可使用PDC清洁器100和外部燃料-空气流265来清洁其中的管280。具体而言，PDC清洁器100可围绕集管310的入口320定位。PDC清洁器100可向集管310的入口320提供燃料-空气流265，使得燃料-空气流265填充集管310和热交换器300的各管280。然后，点火装置220可点燃外部燃料-空气流265，以便形成爆轰波240。如上文所述，爆轰波240可以超音速传播穿过所有管280且生成高局部压力。高局部压力清洁各管280，以便除去其中的残余物或其它沉积物。
尽管就清洁热交换器270，300的管280而言描述了脉冲爆轰清洁系统250，但脉冲爆轰清洁系统250可结合任何类型的热交换器、锅炉、管线或其它类型的封闭式结构270来使用。因此，脉冲爆轰清洁系统250生成受控的超声波以提供在其中的清洁。多个脉冲爆轰清洁系统250可在这里一起使用。同样，脉冲爆轰清洁系统250可结合其它类型的清洁系统等来使用。
应认识到的是，上文仅涉及本申请的一些实施例，以及在不脱离由所附权利要求及其等同物所限定的本发明的总体精神和范围的情况下，本领域的普通技术人员可作出许多变化和修改。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于清洁封闭式结构(270)的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，包括：
脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)；以及
外部燃料-空气流(265)；
其中，所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)将所述外部燃料-空气流(265)输送至所述封闭式结构(270)中并点燃所述外部燃料-空气流(265)以清洁所述封闭式结构(270)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，其特征在于，所述脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)还包括与所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)连通的空气流(255)和燃料流(260)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，其特征在于，所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)包括用以在其中混合所述空气流(255)和所述燃料流(260)的燃烧室(160)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，其特征在于，所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)包括用以点燃所述外部燃料-空气流(265)的点火装置(220)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，其特征在于，所述脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)还包括由所述外部燃料-空气流(265)点燃产生的多个爆轰波(240)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，其特征在于，所述封闭式结构(270)包括管(280)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，其特征在于，所述封闭式结构(270)包括热交换器(275)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的脉冲爆轰清洁系统(250)，其特征在于，所述封闭式结构(270)包括具有与多个管(280)连通的集管(310)的热交换器(300)。
9.一种利用脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)清洁封闭式结构(270)的方法，包括：
围绕所述封闭式结构(270)的入口(290)定位所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)；
使外部燃料-空气混合物(265)从所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)流入所述封闭式结构(270)中；以及
点燃所述外部燃料-空气混合物(265)以清洁所述封闭式结构(270)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括以下步骤：在燃烧室(160)中混合燃料流(255)和空气流(260)以形成所述外部燃料-空气流(265)。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，使外部燃料-空气流(265)从所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)流入所述封闭式结构(270)中的步骤包括使所述外部燃料-空气流(265)流入管(280)中。
12.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，使外部燃料-空气流(265)从所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)流入所述封闭式结构中的步骤包括使所述外部燃料-空气流(265)流入热交换器(275)中。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，使外部燃料-空气流(265)从所述脉冲爆轰燃烧器清洁器(100)流入所述封闭式结构(270)中的步骤包括使所述外部燃料-空气流(265)流入具有与多个管(280)连通的集管(310)的热交换器(300)中。
14.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括在所述封闭式结构(270)内形成多个爆轰波(240)的步骤。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括由所述多个爆轰波(240)形成高压的步骤。
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EP2437024A2 (en) 2012-04-04
US20120080055A1 (en) 2012-04-05
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US8246751B2 (en) 2012-08-21
EP2437024B1 (en) 2018-02-28

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