CN102442218A - 用于管理基础设施和电动机动车间的电力分配的系统 - Google Patents
用于管理基础设施和电动机动车间的电力分配的系统 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种用于管理至少两个电力网间的电力需求的系统,包括:多辆机动车,每辆机动车具有电动机,所述电动机在所述机动车的操作期间至少部分地驱动所述机动车。每辆机动车还包含电池和无线发射机。包含在每辆机动车中的处理器与所述无线发射机通信,以向基站发送指示电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地的信息。所述基站或上游实体处理来自多辆机动车的数据,以估计对电池进行充电所需的地理电力需求,然后在所述至少两个不同的电力网间对进行电力重定向,以满足这些地理电力需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于根据从电驱动机动车接收的数据来管理至少两个不同的电力网(power grid)间的电力需求的方法和系统,该电驱动机动车向基站发送指示机动车内电池的电量状态的信息。
背景技术
包括混合电动机动车在内的电动机动车至少部分地由电动机提供动力。由于这种电动机动车的经济性,这种电动机动车已日益普及,且可预期未来将得到进一步普及。
大多数电动机动车从机动车中包含的电池中获取它们的电力。在机动车的任何给定电池中,可以存储的电量都是有限的,因此必须周期性地对电池进行充电,才能持续操作电动机动车。将电池中剩余的电量称作电池的“电量状态”。
随着运行的电动机动车数量持续增加,对电池进行充电所需的电力需求将有可能增加到以下程度:除非正确地进行管理,否则这种电力需求可能导致用于对电池进行充电的电力网过载。
在大多数发达国家中,将电力分配划分为大量的本地电力网,其中,每一个本地电力网为预定地理区域提供电力。例如,一个电力网可以主要覆盖住宅区域,而相邻的电力网主要覆盖工业区域。此外,由于可以预期机动车所有者在家中对电动机动车进行充电,覆盖住宅区域的电力网的电力需求可能在大约5:00pm开始显著增加,此时电动机动车所有者回到家,并开始对他们的电动机动车充电。相对地,对主要覆盖工业区域的电力网的电力需求可能由于在5:00或6:00pm之后工业操作的停止而减少。
为了获得整体电力分配系统的最有效率和成本最低廉的运营,在预测特定电力网的电力需求的情况下(特别是为了满足电动机动车),预测并向各种不同的地理电力网重新分配整体可用的电力将是有利的。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于管理至少两个电力网间的电力分配需求的方法和系统,尤其用于满足电动机动车和混合电动机动车(本文中统称为电动机动车)的电力充电需求。
简而言之,本发明的系统包括多辆电动机动车,其中,每辆机动车具有电动机,该电动机在机动车的操作期间至少部分地驱动机动车。在每辆机动车中还包含电池,用于向电动机动车中的电动机供电。
机动车中还包含无线发射机(如蜂窝电话)。机动车中的处理器被编程为:向发射机发送电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地,然后该无线发射机周期性地将这些数据发送至基站。
基站从多辆机动车接收所发送的数据,然后估计在机动车到达它们的目的地或途经地点时向机动车电池充电所需的地理电力需求。该基站还被编程为:向电力制造商(发电厂)提供信息,使得电力制造商可以根据所估计的地理电力需求,在两个电力网之间对电力进行重定向。由此,能够更有效率地分配电力,并降低了电力网过载的可能性。
附图说明
通过结合附图,阅读以下详细描述,将更好地理解本发明,在所有的附图中,相似的参考符号指代相似的部件,其中:
图1是根据本发明所使用的电动机动车的示意图;
图2是示出了本发明的系统的示意图;
图3是示出了示例数据分组的示意图;
图4是示出了本发明所使用的示例数据库结构的视图;
图5是示出了电力分配系统的示意图;
图6是与图5类似的视图,但示出了机动车重新路由;
图7是示出了电力分配的示例电力-时间的曲线图;
图8是示出了本发明的方法的流程图;
图9是示出了使用可选电力模式的系统的重新路由示意图;以及
图10是示出了自动选择机动车的操作模式的操作流程图。
具体实施方式
首先,参照图1,示出了电动机动车20。电动机动车20包括电动机22,在机动车20的操作期间,电动机22至少部分地驱动机动车20。因此,机动车20可以是全电动机动车,即,在机动车的全部操作时间期间,电动机22向机动车20提供动力,或者机动车20可以是混合电动机动车,其由电动机22和内燃机分别提供部分动力,使得在任何给定时间,电动机22、或内燃机、或二者同时来驱动机动车20。
电动机动车20包括电池24,电池24存储用于向电动机22供电的电能。此外,电池24的存储容量可以根据机动车的不同而改变,且可以根据机动车类型的不同而改变。
例如,敞篷小型载货卡车(皮卡车)类型的电动机动车20对于电动机22可能具有较高的电力需求,以承载比乘用车更重的负载。因此,如果机动车20是皮卡车,则电池24中存储电力的容量可能比乘用车更高。因此,与较低容量电池24相比,在向较高容量的电池24充电时,将消耗更多的电能。
机动车20中的处理器26与电池24通信,并计算电池24的电量状态。以百分比来表达电池24的电量状态,其中,100%等价于完全充电的电池,且0%等价于耗尽的电池24。因此,与电池24的容量相关联的电池24的电量状态等同于电池24中存储的电量。可以通过机动车标识来确定电池24的存储容量。
处理器26还与机动车20中包含的无线发射机28通信。优选地,无线发射机28是专用于机动车20的蜂窝电话。
现在,参照图1和2,在处理器26的控制下,蜂窝电话28向基站30发送数据,该基站30向预定义的地理区域(例如,在基站30周围半径4英里范围内的区域)提供服务。此外,每辆机动车20反复地发送信息,例如每秒5次,因此,向基站30发送的信息实质上是实时指示的。
从机动车20向基站30发送的信息包括机动车标识信息(由此可以确定电池24的容量)、机动车目的地以及电池的电量状态。尽管可以使用任何数据格式,在图3中示出了示例数据格式。
参照图3,从机动车20向基站30发送的示例数据格式或数据分组包括报头32,报头32包含用于识别数据发送的开头的已知序列(16进制字节)。例如,诸如0xAB 0xBA 0xAB 0xBA的报头可以用作报头32。这种字节序列形成数据传输的实际数据是非常不可能的。
在发送报头32之后,向基站发送纬度浮点数34、经度浮点数36、以及海拔浮点数38。这三个浮点数将指示机动车的当前位置。由于处理器26优选地每秒多次激活发射机28,则纬度数34、经度数36、和海拔数38几乎可以实时地提供机动车的位置。
从机动车20向基站30发送指示机动车20的运动方向的前进方向浮点数40,之后是出发地址串42和终点地址或目的串44。前进方向浮点数40指示机动车的方向,出发地址串42指示旅程开始处的地址。终点地址串44包含机动车20的目的地或途经地点。一般地,从机动车20中包含的导航系统(图1)获得终点地址串44。
然后,作为数据,向基站30发送电量状态数48。该电量状态数48将在0和100之间变化,指示电池24中包含的电容量的百分比。电量状态数48之后是机动车标识串50,由此可以确定机动车的类型和电池24的类型。最后,发送校验和(CRC)数52,使基站30可以检查并可能纠正传输中的错误。
在机动车操作或停车但未连接电力网时,由发射机28来发送图3所示的数据分组。然而,如果机动车20正在通过与电力设施的电连接充电时,可以备选地通过该设施连接向基站30发送图3的数据分组。
参照图2,基站30将其从机动车20接收到的数据分组传输给基站处理器54。将认识到,处理器54可以从特定地理区域中的若干基站30接收数据分组,使得处理器54可能覆盖比基站30所覆盖的更大的地理区域。
处理器54还能够访问数据库56,数据库56在永久性存储器中保存数据。数据库56可以具有任何常规架构,例如,硬盘驱动器存储器。
现在,参照图4,示出了数据库56中的示例存储格式。具体地,数据库中的每个条目包括时间字段60和机动车标识字段62。出发位置字段64之后是终点位置66和当前位置68。最后,电量状态(SoC)字段70之后是地理区域字段72和信息来源字段74,即通过发射机28发送还是经由设施输电线发送。
此外,可以周期性地更新这些数据字段。例如,在12:01以及12:21更新在11:59最初接收的机动车ID1的数据。当然,图4所示的数据格式仅作为示例之用,也可以使用其他的数据格式。
由于基站30及其关联处理器54从机动车接收的数据不仅指示了机动车的目的地,还指示了机动车的类型和电量状态,处理器被编程为:估计用于对不同地理区域中的电动机动车进行充电所需的电力需求。此外,可以由不同的电力网(也被称作电力子站)向相邻的地理区域提供服务。
环境因素(如温度、湿度、雪、雨等)也可以形成要处理的数据。可以在基站处识别这些环境因素,也可以从机动车的数据传输中接收由机动车上的传感器确定的这些环境因素。例如,如果传感器可用,则机动车可以向基站30发送数据。如果基站30接收到数据,其使用该数据。否则,基站30用在基站30处获得的环境数据加以替代。
备选地,基站30可以在不处理的情况下向上层(例如,电力供应商)传递所收集的数据。此时,上层将按照需要来处理这些数据。
例如,参照图5,示出了多个基站30,每个基站30具有由每个基站30周围的圆所表示的地理覆盖区域。此外,将图5所示的地理区域划分为两个不同的电力网70和72,在本示例中以对角线分隔,由此图5所示的每个电力网区域70和72是三角形的。此外,基站30可以覆盖与两个电力网区域70和72重叠的区域。
仍然参见图5,在20’处示出了具有已耗尽的或接近耗尽的电池的一些不同的机动车,因此它们将需要在电力网区域70充电。因此,通过对基站处理器54编程来估计在任何特定时间需要充电的机动车的数量、和充电所需的电量,则处理器54被编程为:从一个电力网72向另一个电力网70重新分配或重定向电力,以满足电动机动车的充电。
为了估计对电力网70中的电动机动车充电所需的电力,处理器54被编程为:通过以下方程,来确定在特定时间(例如5:00),将处于电力网区域70中的电动机动车20的数量和对这些机动车充电所需的能量:
电量状态=N1*(100-S1′)*W1+N2*(100-S2′)*W2...Nm*(100-Sm′)*Wm
其中,Nx=具有电池大小x的类型x机动车的数量;
Sx’=机动车类型x的电量状态±容限Tx;以及
Wx=机动车类型x的电池容量;
其中,机动车类型x对于袖珍车、轿车、豪华轿车等是不同的。
也可以估计在未来的时间段内、电力网的特定区域中的未来能量要求。例如,通过了解每辆机动车的家庭地址,可以基于机动车的当前状态(即,其是否正在操作或充电,以及机动车在特定时间段(例如6:00p.m.和8:00p.m.)期间返回其家庭地址的可能性),计算在该特定时间段中即将需要的估计负载。因此,可以将所需电量状态的计算乘以通过经验确定的概率。
最后,可以在统计学意义上确定特定电力网70或72的电力需求。例如,如图7所示,基于统计数据示出了电力需求曲线80,且将其示出为与时间相关。因此,如图7所示,特定电力网70或72的电力需求可以随着一天中的时间以及星期几而变化。则处理器54被编程为:根据统计要求,在电力网70和72之间分配电能。
现在,参照图6,在从起点80到目的地86的路径82上示出了机动车旅程。在处理器54确定电力网70中用于对机动车在其电力网70中的目的地86处对电池充电所需的电能不足的事件中,基站30可以向机动车20中的接收机88(图1)发送回信号。接收机88与发射机28相结合,比如蜂窝电话。在这种情况下,基站30将机动车20重新路由至备选路线,如90所示,将机动车重新路由至相邻的电力网区域72,以在电力网区域72中的充电站94进行充电。这样,可以降低电力网区域70过载的可能性。
现在,参照图8,示出了流程图,该流程图示出了机动车20的重新路由操作。在步骤100开始之后,步骤100进行至步骤102,在步骤102中,确定该机动车是否连接到电力网设施。如果是,则步骤102进行到步骤104,在步骤104中,机动车在输电线上发送其数据,然后返回步骤102。否则,步骤102进行至步骤106。
在步骤106,机动车使用发射机28向基站30发送其数据。同样在该时间段期间,基站处理器54查询交通信号数据库,以在步骤112接收在已计算的路线上或在屏幕上显示的地图区域中的机动车的当前位置附近的交通信号数据,以及在步骤114接收在已计算的路线上或在屏幕上显示的地图区域中的机动车的当前位置附近的历史或统计实时数据库信息。然后,进行至步骤116,在步骤116中,向用户查询用户是否想要输入新的路线。如果否,步骤116进行至步骤118,在步骤118中,在导航系统46上显示交通、当前位置处的估计电力负载、和路线。然后,步骤118返回步骤102。
如果用户确实想要输入新的路线,步骤116前进到步骤120,在步骤120中,基于任何所需的条件来计算新的路线,比如最快时间、最短距离、最经济、最优能量等。则,步骤120进行至步骤122,在步骤122中,在导航系统46上显示一条或多条路线。然后,步骤122进行至步骤124,步骤124确定机动车是否在目的地。如果是,步骤124返回步骤102。否则,步骤124返回步骤106。
机动车的重新路由还可以考虑到可用于电动机动车操作的不同电力选项。例如,重新路由选项可以考虑到针对电动机动车的最短时间、最短距离、最小能量、或最优能量的选项。
当今的大多数(即使不是全部)电动机动车具有将机动车设置为不同驾驶模式的措施。这些不同的驾驶模式至少包括动力模式(powermode)和经济模式(economy mode)。
一旦向机动车发送重新路由数据,机动车本身可以具有在机动车信息娱乐系统或导航系统中的选项或设置,在这些系统中用户指定该系统可以接管并根据情况或条件来自动改变机动车电动驾驶模式,且依然确保充足的电池电量状态可用于让机动车安全地驾驶到最近的充电点或终点。例如,这可以使对于理解信息娱乐系统或导航系统的视觉反馈有困难的老年人或老年乘客能够驾驶电动汽车,或可选地,将作为针对其他消费者的豪华选项(luxury option)。例如,参照图9,在步骤150,基站30从公共设施获得需求/供应数据,然后进行至步骤152。在步骤152,基站确定各个电力网可用的供应/需求。然后,步骤154可选地经由互联网156向机动车发送重新路由数据。
机动车20中的导航/信息娱乐系统158接收重新路由数据。机动车20还包含机动车性能优化系统(AVPOS)开关160,例如,其可以包括位于导航/信息娱乐系统158的屏幕上的选项。如果启用,则AVPOS系统162确定恰当的驾驶模式164,以根据优化驾驶性能来控制机动车的电动机驱动。
现在,参照图10,示出了流程图,该流程图示出了AVPOS系统的操作。在步骤170系统启动之后,步骤170进行至步骤172,步骤172确定是否已激活AVPOS开关160。如果否,步骤172简单地自身循环,使AVPOS系统162保持禁用。
然而,如果已激活了AVPOS开关160,步骤172取而代之地进行到步骤174,在步骤174中,导航系统158从基站30获得重新路由信息。然后,步骤174进行至步骤176。
在步骤176,AVPOS系统162与可用于机动车20的最近充电点合作分析数据和能量消耗。然后,步骤176进行至步骤178,步骤178确定当前的电力传动驾驶模式,例如,经济模式或动力模式,然后进行至步骤180。
在步骤180,AVPOS系统162确定机动车是否处于经济驾驶模式。如果否,步骤180进行至步骤182,并确定动力模式是否是最佳选项。如果是,步骤182进行至步骤184,步骤184将驾驶模式164保持在动力模式配置,然后返回步骤172,在步骤172中,重复上述过程。
相对地,如果动力模式不是最佳驾驶模式,步骤182取而代之地进行到步骤186,在步骤186中,将驾驶模式164切换回经济模式。然后,步骤186返回步骤172,在步骤172,重复上述过程。
相对地,如果机动车当前处于经济模式,步骤180取而代之地进行到步骤188,在步骤188中,确定经济模式是否是最佳选项。如果否,步骤188进行到步骤190,在步骤190中,AVPOS系统162将驾驶模式164切换到动力模式配置。然后,步骤190返回步骤172。
最后,如果经济模式是最佳操作模式,步骤188进行至步骤192,在步骤192中,AVPOS系统162保持经济模式作为驾驶模式164。然后,步骤192返回步骤172。
根据上述内容,可以看到本发明提供了一种用于根据特定电力网中要求充电的电动机动车的数量来管理至少两个电力网间的电力需求的系统。
虽然已经对本发明进行了描述,然而在不脱离由所附权利要求的范围所限定的本发明的精神的情况下,对本发明的多种修改对于本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于管理至少两个电力网间的电力需求的系统,包括:
多辆机动车,每辆机动车具有电动机,所述电动机在所述机动车的操作期间至少部分地驱动所述机动车,
电池,包含在每辆机动车中,用于向所述机动车的电动机供电,
无线发射机,包含在所述机动车中,
处理器,包含在每辆机动车中,所述处理器被编程为向所述无线发射机传输电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地信息,所述无线发射机反复地发送电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地信息,
基站,从所述机动车接收电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地信息,
基站处理器,被编程为接收从所述机动车接收到的电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地信息,并估计在所述机动车的目的地或途经地点对所述电池进行充电的地理电力需求,
所述基站处理器还被编程为:根据所述地理电力需求,提供在所述至少两个电力网间进行电力重定向的数据。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述无线发射机包括蜂窝电话。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述基站处理器能够访问数据库,所述数据库包含与机动车电池充电期间的电力需求和机动车位置相关的历史数据。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述基站处理器被编程为:根据星期几来估计所述电力需求。
5.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中,所述基站处理器被编程为:根据一天中的时间来估计所述电力需求。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述基站被编程为:根据环境因素来估计所述电力要求。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,每辆机动车包含导航系统,所述导航系统具有用于输入所述机动车的机动车目的地的装置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中,所述基站包括基站发射机,所述基站发射机在所述基站处理器的控制下,向所述导航系统发送机动车重新路由数据,所述重新路由数据是根据所述至少两个电力网的可用电力确定的。
9.根据权利要求8所述的系统,其中,每辆机动车至少可在两种不同的驾驶模式下操作,所述系统被编程为:确定最佳驾驶模式,以及所述机动车包含用于将所述机动车自动设置为所述最佳驾驶模式的电路。
10.一种用于管理至少两个电力网间的电力需求的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供多辆机动车,每辆机动车具有在所述机动车的操作期间至少部分地驱动所述机动车的电动机、和向所述电动机供电的电池,
包含在所述机动车中的无线发射机反复地无线发送电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地信息,
在基站处,接收电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地信息,
根据从所述机动车接收到的电池的电量状态、机动车标识信息、和机动车目的地信息,估计在所述机动车的目的地或途经地点对所述电池进行充电的地理电力需求,
根据所述地理电力需求,在所述至少两个电力网之间进行电力重定向。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
维护所述至少两个电力网的地理电力需求的历史数据库,
访问所述历史数据库,以估计所述至少两个电力网的电力需求。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述历史数据库包含与星期几相关的电力网的电力需求。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,所述历史数据库包含与一天中的时间相关的电力网的电力需求。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述估计步骤还包括以下步骤:
估计在每个电力网的地理区域中的机动车数辆,以及
估计机动车将在所选时间连接到电力网的可能性。
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