CN102440158A - Biogas residue humus pot, and preparation method and application of biogas residue humus pot - Google Patents
Biogas residue humus pot, and preparation method and application of biogas residue humus pot Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biogas residue humus pot and a preparation method thereof. The biogas residue humus pot is made of 62.5-186.5 parts of fresh biogas residue, 50-150 parts of clay and 0.5-5 parts of cotton seed hulls or 1-18 parts of wheat straws or corn straws. The fresh biogas residue, the clay and the cotton seed hulls (or wheat/corn straws) are proportionally mixed well to obtain a mixture, the mixture is fed into a mould to be manually or mechanically pressed into an object with a rectangular or disc-shaped seeding hole in the middle, and the object is then stripped and naturally aired for 2-8 days or dried so as to obtain a biogas residue humus pot or seedling raising tray. The biogas residue humus pot is full of nutrients and high in organic content, further contains vitamins B, gibberellin, heteroauxin, amino acid and active enzymes, has fine chemical and biological properties, and meets conditions of compost. The biogas residue humus pot has the advantages of no environmental pollution, natural degradability, no need of stripping, simplicity in preparation, low cost, fastness in seedling raising speed, capability of enhancing seedlings, effectiveness and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nutritive cube, particularly a kind of natural pond slag nutritive cube and its production and application, waste treatment technique and crop seedling technical field belonged to.
Background technology
China's biogas technology research promotion is used rapidly in recent years; Present about 3,000 ten thousand families of domestic methane tank, plant's biogas engineering 3.9 ten thousand places, big-and-middle-sized biogas 3000 many places; About 190 billion cubic meters of national biogas generation in 2010, about 2.5 hundred million tons of the natural pond slag discarded object of generation.Nutrient content in the slag of natural pond: the large-sized biogas engineering natural pond slag that with the pig manure is fermentation raw material is an example, and the result is as shown in table 1 below for its active constituent content measuring:
Table 1 is the large-sized biogas engineering natural pond slag active constituent content measuring result of fermentation raw material with the pig manure
| Full N (kg) | 24.50 | Organic (%) | 54.01 | Nitrate (mg/kg) | 145 |
| Full P (kg) | 12.83 | Humus (%) | 16.58 | Arsenic (As mg/kg) | 20.13 |
| Full K (kg) | 6.54 | Crude protein (%) | 15.31 | Cadmium (Cd mg/kg) | 0.42 |
| Available N (kg) | 0.66 | Vc(mg\100g) | 24.2 | Plumbous (Pb mg/kg) | 13.30 |
| Available P (kg) | 10.36 | Schistosome ovum | Do not detect | Chromium (Cr mg/kg) | 299 |
| Quick-acting K (kg) | 4.61 | Hookworm ovum | Do not detect | Mercury (Hg mg/kg) | 0.03 |
| pH | 7.75 | Cyanide (mg/kg) | Do not detect | Copper (Cu mg/kg) | 384 |
It is to be made into biogas residue organic fertilizer to supply agricultural production to use that the natural pond slag mainly utilizes approach; But because natural pond slag moisture content is difficult to dehydrating and curing and the high characteristic of mechanical dehydration oven dry energy consumption greatly; And the natural pond slag is collected the more high large-scale application that restricts biogas residue organic fertilizer of cost of transportation; Cause a large amount of stacking of natural pond slag in the biogas engineering to be discarded, caused the wasting of resources and secondary pollution problem, the reasonable bottleneck that has utilized into the extensive development of biogas engineering of natural pond slag.
At present, characteristics such as nutrition pot for seedling culture adopts the plastic foil alms bowl mostly on crop, vegetables, flowers, and it has in light weight, and cost is low, but airtight, aproll property is poor, and residual film can not be degraded contaminated environment.Demoulding is transplanted the easy damaged root system and is influenced survival rate.And Along with people's raises to nuisanceless fruits and vegetables increasing demand, and seed seedling-raising and growth thereof have been proposed stricter requirement; Consider that natural pond slag itself is nutritious, composition is complete, contains micronutrient elements such as macronutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, copper, zinc, iron, the content of organic matter high (being 30%-60%); Also contain vitamin B group, gibberellin, heteroauxin, amino acid and enzymic activity material, have good chemical and biological, satisfy nutritive cube compost condition.These auxins in the slag nutritive cube of natural pond and active matter mass-energy are replenished seed germination growth desired nutritional; Stimulate seed growth, promote metabolism; The humus that organic matter in the slag of natural pond can chesson, contain helps edaphon activity and soil aggregate formation etc.; Can improve the soil, and speed is fast, the strong stress resistance effect of growing seedlings to have the seedling of significantly growing seedlings to strengthen, grow seedlings.Nutriment and the active substance that contains to the natural pond slag and the coupling of the demand of growing seedlings, and the natural pond slag that produces in developing biogas engineering rational Application approach by all kinds of means, urgent need will produce the novel nourishing alms bowl of not only economy but also environmental protection.
Patent document CN102138501A (201110077496.9) utilizes stalk natural pond slag to prepare the method for soilless culture substrate, is to dry the natural pond slag earlier, mixes the back water logging again with stalk natural pond slag, and then with the water filtering.The whole operation process passed through oven dry, water logging, drainage repeatedly, complicacy, consuming time, the power consumption specification requirement is strict, unsuitable large scale application.Patent document CN101941861A (201010282090.x) provides a kind of compound natural pond slag sandwich nurture substrate block and processing method thereof; Comprise natural pond clinker inner core and outer field stalk alms bowl; Planting hole is located at the inner core middle part, and interior core raw material is natural pond slag, fermented stalk slag and sodium alginate; Stalk alms bowl raw material is fermented stalk slag, nutrition regulating agent, acidity regulator and sodium alginate.This technical scheme has just been used the natural pond slag at inner core, and inner core all will use part fermented stalk slag with outer core, the preparation occupation of land of fermented stalk slag raw material, consuming time; The preparation of entire inner and outer cored structure is complicated in addition, needs compacting respectively.
Summary of the invention
To the defective of plastics nutritive cube and the deficiency of existing natural pond slag nutrient matrix piece technology, the present invention provides a kind of natural pond slag nutritive cube.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of natural pond slag nutritive cube is pressed into piece shape or the dish type that there is planting hole at the middle part by following weight portion raw material:
Bright natural pond slag 62-187 part, clay 50-150 part,
Cotton seed hulls 0.5-7 part or wheat stalk 1-18 part or maize straw 1-18 part.
Described natural pond slag refers to that with debirs such as feces of livestock and poultry such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, crops straws be raw material; The big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering natural pond slag of normal operation or the normal natural pond slag that produces the domestic methane tank of biogas more than 1 month; Said bright natural pond slag is the natural pond slag without Separation of Solid and Liquid, and its moisture content is 75～80wt%.
Said clay was the unselected clay or the sandy loam of 2cm～2.5cm sieve, and moisture content is 10～15wt%.
Said cotton seed hulls is cotton seed remaining housing after extracting oil, and moisture content is 7～10wt%.
Described wheat stalk, maize straw are that particle diameter is the dry straw after 3cm～5cm pulverizes, and moisture content is 1～10wt%.
Preferably, a kind of natural pond slag nutritive cube is to be processed by following raw material, is weight portion:
62.5 parts of bright natural pond slags; 101 parts of clays; 7 parts of cotton seed hullss.
This natural pond slag nutritive cube is particularly suitable for the less relatively small-sized seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand and grows seedlings, for example: naked oats dish, Chinese cabbage, spinach, tomato, cineraria, balloonflower root etc.
Preferably, a kind of natural pond slag nutritive cube is to be processed by following raw material, is weight portion:
125 parts of bright natural pond slags; 50.5 parts of clays; 3 parts of cotton seed hullss.
This natural pond slag nutritive cube prescription is particularly suitable for the relatively large large seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand and grows seedlings, for example: string leaf prairie dock, pumpkin, balsam pear, custard squash, pea, cotton etc.
According to the present invention, preferred natural pond slag nutritive cube is the cylinder piece that there is 1-3 planting hole at the middle part.The planting hole degree of depth is 1/3～3/4 of a cylinder nutritive cube height.
According to the present invention, preferred natural pond slag nutritive cube is cuboid piece or the square piece that there is 2-4 planting hole at the middle part.The planting hole degree of depth is 1/3～3/4 of cuboid piece or a square nutritive cube height.
Described planting hole is square or cylindrical.The degree of depth of described planting hole is 3-7cm, and the diameter or the length of side are 2-3cm.
According to the present invention, the preparation method of described natural pond slag nutritive cube, step is following:
With bright natural pond slag, clay, cotton seed hulls or wheat stalk or maize straw material mix by proportioning, stir mixed material; Mixed material is added in the nutritive cube mould, and manual work or mechanical compression are pressed into piece shape or the dish type that there be planting hole at the middle part; The demoulding then, natural drying 2-8 days or oven dry promptly get natural pond slag nutritive cube or seedling-cultivating tray.
It is suitable that said natural pond slag nutritive cube prepares mould and natural pond slag nutritive cube or the seedling-cultivating tray shape and structure of usefulness.
Preferably, being prepared into columniform nutritive cube mould with stainless steel material, highly is 8-12cm, and diameter is 6-10cm; Nutritive cube mould middle and upper part is provided with several planting hole intubate, and intubation length is less than mold height.Preferred intubation length is 1/3～3/4 of a mold height.
Said nutritive cube mould is the association of monomer or 3-5 monomer.The planting hole intubate is square or cylindrical.
The seedling-cultivating tray mould gets final product by prior art.
The application of natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube, method is following:
Natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube is used for botanical seedling culturing, natural pond slag nutritive cube is watered before growing seedlings permeablely, in the planting hole of natural pond slag nutritive cube, puts slowly drained soil or fine sand, puts into seed, sprinkles said slowly drained soil or fine sand then and gets final product, and other are undertaken by the routine of growing seedlings.
Natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube can be laid in subsequent use, and the time of growing seedlings takes out to use and gets final product.Natural pond slag nutritive cube can be transplanted with seedling is whole: when slag feeding block seedlings raising completion in natural pond is transplanted the field or gone into canopy, can directly be with natural pond slag nutritive cube to transplant seedlings.
Natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube is nutritious, and composition is complete, contains micronutrient elements such as macronutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, copper, zinc, iron, and the content of organic matter is high, is 30%-60%; Also contain vitamin B group, gibberellin, heteroauxin, amino acid and enzymic activity material, have good chemical and biological, satisfy nutritive cube compost condition.These auxins in the slag nutritive cube of natural pond and active matter mass-energy are replenished seed germination growth desired nutritional, stimulate seed growth, promote metabolism etc.And speed is fast, the strong stress resistance effect of growing seedlings to have the seedling of significantly growing seedlings to strengthen, grow seedlings.
Do not limit especially in the method for the present invention, select to get final product by this area routine techniques.
The present invention is primarily aimed at hard to manage, the difficult consumption of natural pond slag and causes the wasting of resources and secondary pollution problem, and providing a kind of is the nutritive cube of raw material with the natural pond slag, and this nutritive cube can reduce in soil; Improve the fertilizer efficiency and the content of organic matter of soil; Good economy performance, free from environmental pollution, utilize the natural pond slag to reduce the application of conventional nutritive cube materials such as turfy soil, vermiculite, perlite simultaneously; Saved the energy; Having widened nutritive cube and utilized material ranges, is to solve biogas engineering natural pond slag to utilize difficult effective way, and the agriculture sustainable sound development of China is had great importance.The present invention have no environmental protection pollute, can natural degradation, need not to take off alms bowl, preparation is simple, with low cost, the speed of growing seedlings is fast, seedling strong, characteristics such as effective.
Technical characterstic of the present invention and excellent results are following:
1, the direct compression moulding of nutritive cube of the present invention without plastic casing, has been saved material, has practiced thrift cost, has reduced pollution.
2, the present invention directly uses the primary raw material of bright natural pond slag as nutritive cube, has solved natural pond slag moisture content and has been difficult to dehydrating and curing and the high problem of mechanical dehydration oven dry energy consumption greatly, and the natural pond slag that is applied to the domestic methane tank of single tame single household dispersion especially uses.A kind of convenience is provided, rationally, has effectively utilized method for the natural pond slag gets into the farmland simply, fast.The present invention is easy to big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering and applies, and for the natural pond slag of biogas industry has found the new approach that utilizes, has solved biogas industry development bottleneck problem.
3, natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube is nutritious, satisfy the soil-blocks for seedlings condition, and natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube water conservation moisture holding capacity is strong, has after the drying not the crack, advantage such as do not harden.This natural pond slag nutritive cube can be transplanted with seedling together, need not take off alms bowl, has reduced seedling-slowing stage, and saving of work and time, has accelerated the speed of growing seedlings.
4, natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube preparation method technology is easy, easy to operate, need not special device and equipment, operating personnel need not to train especially, is easy to used and the large tracts of land popularization by peasant household.
5, natural pond slag nutritive cube itself of the present invention and production process are pollution-free, and nonhazardous is the good approach of growing seedlings of green agriculture.The use of natural pond slag nutritive cube promoted the production of green non-pollution agricultural product, promoted the sustainable development of the ecological agriculture, circular agriculture.The present invention has not only reduced natural pond slag secondary pollution and has protected environment, and has realized the waste material recycle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 a cylindrical natural pond slag nutritive cube sketch map, and wherein 1 is the nutritive cube body, the 2nd, and planting hole.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified, among the embodiment not in detail the explanation all by state of the art.Employed nutritive cube mould is on the basis of the manual honeycomb briquet making making machine of Shandong Lu Yuan among the embodiment, changes system into by the requirement of nutritive cube mould.
Embodiment 1: the natural pond slag nutritive cube that is fit to the less relatively small-sized seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand
Natural pond slag nutritive cube, raw material components is following:
Bright natural pond slag 625g; Clay 1010g; Cotton seed hulls 70g;
Natural pond slag nutritive cube is the cylinder piece that there are 3 planting holes at the middle part.The planting hole degree of depth is 1/2 of a cylinder nutritive cube height.
The degree of depth of described planting hole is 6cm, and diameter is 3cm.
Preparation as follows:
With bright natural pond slag, clay, the cotton seed hulls material mixes by proportioning, stir mixed material; Mixed material is added in the nutritive cube mould, and manual work or mechanical compression are pressed into the piece shape that there is planting hole at the middle part; The demoulding then, natural drying 2-8 days or oven dry promptly get natural pond slag nutritive cube.
It is suitable that said natural pond slag nutritive cube prepares the mould and the natural pond slag nutritive cube structure of usefulness.Being prepared into columniform nutritive cube mould with stainless steel material, highly is 12cm, and diameter is 10cm; Nutritive cube mould middle and upper part is provided with 3 planting hole intubate, and intubation length is 1/2 of mold height less than mold height.
Said nutritive cube mould is the association of monomer or 3-5 monomer, and the planting hole intubate is cylindrical, can on the manual honeycomb briquet making making machine of Shandong Lu Yuan, use.
Natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube is used for the less relatively small-sized seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand grows seedlings, for example: naked oats dish, Chinese cabbage, spinach, tomato, cineraria, balloonflower root etc.
Natural pond slag nutritive cube is watered before growing seedlings permeablely, in the planting hole of natural pond slag nutritive cube, put thick slowly drained soil of 6-10cm or fine sand, put into seed, be sprinkled into 0.5-5cm thick the above slowly drained soil or fine sand then and get final product, other are undertaken by the routine of growing seedlings.
Embodiment 2: the natural pond slag nutritive cube that is fit to the relatively large large seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand
The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, and different is that raw material components is following:
Bright natural pond slag 1250g; Clay 505g; Cotton seed hulls 30g
Natural pond slag nutritive cube is the cylinder piece that there are 4 planting holes at the middle part.The high 12cm of cylinder piece, the planting hole degree of depth is 5cm, diameter is 2cm.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and it is suitable that said natural pond slag nutritive cube prepares the mould and the natural pond slag nutritive cube shape and structure of usefulness.
Embodiment 3: the natural pond slag nutritive cube that is fit to the relatively large large seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand
The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, and different is that raw material components is following:
Bright natural pond slag 1250g; Clay 505g; Maize straw 58g
Natural pond slag nutritive cube is the square piece that there are 2 planting holes at the middle part.Square piece length and width, height are 10cm, and the planting hole degree of depth is 6cm, and diameter is 3cm.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1, and it is suitable that said natural pond slag nutritive cube prepares the mould and the natural pond slag nutritive cube shape and structure of usefulness.
Embodiment 4: the control experiment of growing seedlings of natural pond slag nutritive cube and clay nutritive cube four seasons naked oats dish
Natural pond slag nutritive cube (embodiment 1 prescription) and clay nutritive cube carry out the control experiment of growing seedlings of four seasons naked oats dish.Four seasons naked oats dish (great river, Jinan seed Co., Ltd) is available from academy of agricultural sciences's seed big market, tests that money ring institute carried out the proving ground in the academy of agricultural sciences, Shandong Province on May 16th, 2011.Experiment is established 2 and is handled 3 repetitions.Experimental result is seen table 2.
Table 2 natural pond slag nutritive cube and the clay nutritive cube four seasons naked oats dish control experiment result that grows seedlings
Annotate: data are the average data of three repetitions in the table.
The result shows: equal effective than clay nutritive cube (contrast) of height of seedling (when sowing 20 days), seedling fresh weight on the emergence rate of natural pond slag nutritive cube, seedling-growing time (time during 80% emergence rate), the four seasons naked oats vegetable plot.
Embodiment 5: the control experiment of growing seedlings of natural pond slag nutritive cube and clay nutritive cube string leaf prairie dock.
Natural pond slag nutritive cube (embodiment 2 prescription) and clay nutritive cube are gone here and there the control experiment of growing seedlings of leaf prairie dock.String leaf prairie dock is available from academy of agricultural sciences's seed big market, tests that money ring institute carried out the proving ground in the academy of agricultural sciences, Shandong Province on May 16th, 2011.Experiment is established 2 and is handled 3 repetitions.Experimental result is seen table 3.
Table 3 natural pond slag nutritive cube and the clay nutritive cube string leaf prairie dock control experiment result that grows seedlings
Annotate: data are the average data of three repetitions in the table.
The result shows: height of seedling, seedling fresh weight all are superior to contrasting the string leaf prairie dock seedling-growing time in the slag nutritive cube of natural pond on the ground than clay nutritive cube 2 days in advance, string leaf prairie dock.
Claims (10)
1. a natural pond slag nutritive cube is characterized in that it being to be processed by following raw material, is weight portion:
Bright natural pond slag 62-187 part, clay 50-150 part,
Cotton seed hulls 0.5-7 part or wheat stalk 1-18 part or maize straw 1-18 part.
2. natural pond as claimed in claim 1 slag nutritive cube is characterized in that,
Described natural pond slag refers to that with debirs such as feces of livestock and poultry such as chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure, crops straws be raw material; The big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering natural pond slag of normal operation or the normal natural pond slag that produces the domestic methane tank of biogas more than 1 month; Said bright natural pond slag is the natural pond slag without Separation of Solid and Liquid, and its moisture content is 75～80wt%;
Said clay was the unselected clay or the sandy loam of 2cm～2.5cm sieve, and moisture content is 10～15wt%;
Said cotton seed hulls is cotton seed remaining housing after extracting oil, and moisture content is 7～10wt%;
Described wheat stalk, maize straw are that particle diameter is the dry straw after 3cm～5cm pulverizes, and moisture content is 1～10wt%.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 natural pond slag nutritive cube is characterized in that, is processed by following raw material, is weight portion:
62.5 parts of bright natural pond slags; 101 parts of clays; 7 parts of cotton seed hullss;
This natural pond slag nutritive cube is particularly suitable for the less relatively small-sized seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand and grows seedlings.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 natural pond slag nutritive cube is characterized in that, is processed by following raw material, is weight portion:
125 parts of bright natural pond slags; 50.5 parts of clays; 3 parts of cotton seed hullss;
This natural pond slag nutritive cube prescription is particularly suitable for the relatively large large seed of seed germination growing nutrient demand and grows seedlings.
5. like the arbitrary described natural pond of claim 1-4 slag nutritive cube, it is characterized in that natural pond slag nutritive cube is the cylinder piece that there is 1-3 planting hole at the middle part; The planting hole degree of depth is 1/3～3/4 of a cylinder nutritive cube height.
6. like the arbitrary described natural pond of claim 1-4 slag nutritive cube, it is characterized in that natural pond slag nutritive cube is cuboid piece or the square piece that there is 2-4 planting hole at the middle part; The planting hole degree of depth is 1/3～3/4 of cuboid piece or a square nutritive cube height.
7. like claim 5 or 6 described natural pond slag nutritive cubes, it is characterized in that the degree of depth of described planting hole is 3-7cm, diameter is 2-3cm; Described planting hole is square or cylindrical.
8. like the preparation method of the arbitrary described natural pond of claim 1-4 slag nutritive cube, step is following:
With bright natural pond slag, clay, cotton seed hulls or wheat stalk or maize straw material mix by proportioning, stir mixed material; Mixed material is added in the nutritive cube mould, and manual work or mechanical compression are pressed into piece shape or the dish type that there be planting hole at the middle part; The demoulding then, natural drying 2-8 days or oven dry promptly get natural pond slag nutritive cube or seedling-cultivating tray.
9. the preparation method of natural pond as claimed in claim 8 slag nutritive cube; It is characterized in that it is suitable that said natural pond slag nutritive cube prepares mould and natural pond slag nutritive cube or the seedling-cultivating tray shape and structure of usefulness, is prepared into columniform nutritive cube mould with stainless steel material; Highly be 8-12cm, diameter is 6-10cm; Nutritive cube mould middle and upper part is provided with several planting hole intubate, and intubation length is less than mold height; Preferred intubation length is 1/3～3/4 of a mold height; Said nutritive cube mould is the association of monomer or 3-5 monomer; The planting hole intubate is square or cylindrical.
10. the application of natural pond as claimed in claim 1 slag nutritive cube; It is characterized in that natural pond of the present invention slag nutritive cube is used for botanical seedling culturing, water natural pond slag nutritive cube permeable before growing seedlings; In the planting hole of natural pond slag nutritive cube, put slowly drained soil or fine sand; Put into seed, sprinkle said slowly drained soil or fine sand then and get final product, other are undertaken by the routine of growing seedlings.
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| CN112335489A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-09 | 海南大学 | Preparation method of horticultural cultivation medium block of tricholoma matsutake |
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